吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 779-792.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250363

• 计算机科学与技术 • 上一篇    

面向智能安全的中国50th百分位男性体征行人数字模型开发及应用

赵洪乾1,2(),李海岩1,2(),张城铭1,2,崔世海1,2,贺丽娟1,2,吕文乐1,2   

  1. 1.天津科技大学 机械工程学院，天津 300457
    2.现代汽车安全技术国际联合研究中心，天津 300457
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-24 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-03-31
  • 通讯作者: 李海岩 E-mail:zhaohongqian2022@mail.tust.edu.cn;lihaiyan@tust.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:赵洪乾（1994-），男，博士研究生.研究方向：车辆安全与行人保护.E-mail：zhaohongqian2022@mail.tust.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0807203);国家自然科学基金项目(81471274);国家自然科学基金项目(81371360)

Development and application of pedestrian human body model representing anthropometric characteristics of 50th percentile Chinese male for intelligent safety

Hong-qian ZHAO1,2(),Hai-yan LI1,2(),Cheng-ming ZHANG1,2,Shi-hai CUI1,2,Li-juan HE1,2,Wen-le LYU1,2   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical Engineering，Tianjin University of Science and Technology，Tianjin 300457，China
    2.International Research Association on Emerging Automotive Safety Technology，Tianjin 300457，China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-31
  • Contact: Hai-yan LI E-mail:zhaohongqian2022@mail.tust.edu.cn;lihaiyan@tust.edu.cn

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摘要：

基于中国50th百分位男性体征志愿者CT医学影像数据，本文构建了图斯特50th百分位男性行人损伤仿生模型，并通过重构尸体钝性冲击试验验证其有效性。参考欧洲新车评价规程行人模型认证要求，本文进一步开发了行走姿态模型，并对不同碰撞角度下的行人-车辆碰撞进行仿真分析。结果表明：在行人与车辆侧向碰撞中，头部接触时间比正面和背面碰撞延迟约10 ms，整体损伤程度较轻；背面碰撞导致的头部损伤风险最高，正面碰撞更易引发下肢严重损伤。可见，碰撞角度对行人损伤具有显著影响。因此，在行人保护系统的优化设计及评价中应予以充分考虑。本文开发的图斯特损伤仿生模型可为行人-车辆碰撞损伤机理研究、车辆智能安全系统优化及虚拟测评体系构建提供关键技术支撑。

关键词: 车辆工程, 图斯特损伤仿生模型, 50th百分位中国男性, 行人保护, 碰撞角度

Abstract:

The TUST 50th percentile Chinese male pedestrian injury bionic model was constructed based on CT medical imaging data of a volunteer with Chinese 50th percentile male anthropometric characteristics， and its effectiveness was verified by the reconstruction of cadaveric blunt impact tests. In accordance with the pedestrian model certification requirements outlined in the Euro NCAP protocols， a walking?posture model is further constructed， and simulation analyses of pedestrian?vehicle collisions at various collision angles were performed. Results indicate that in lateral collisions between pedestrians and vehicles， the head impact time was delayed by approximately 10 ms compared to frontal and rear impacts， and the overall injury severity was relatively mild. The highest risk of head trauma was exhibited in rear impacts， whereas severe injuries to the lower extremities were more likely to be caused by frontal impacts. These findings demonstrate that significant influence of collision angle on pedestrian injury was exerted. Therefore， collision angle should be carefully considered in the optimal design and assessment of pedestrian protection systems. The TUST injury bionic model developed in this study provides crucial technical support for research on pedestrian?vehicle collision injury mechanisms， optimization of intelligent safety systems for vehicles， and the construction of virtual evaluation frameworks.

Key words: vehicle engineering, TUST injury bionic model, 50th percentile Chinese male, pedestrian protection, collision angle

中图分类号: 

  • U467.14

图1

图斯特50th百分位男性行人损伤仿生模型"

表1

TUST IBMs M50-P局部模型验证矩阵"

验证

部位

试验名称参考文献

模型

验证

头部撞锤撞击前额Nahum等 ［20］曹祎帆［16］
刚性球撞击顶叶Yoganandan等［21］
泡沫冲击面部Trosseille等［22］
头部旋转Hardy等［23］
颈部志愿者侧面碰撞Ewing等［24］王福洋［17］
志愿者后碰撞Davidsson等［25］
志愿者前碰撞Arbogast等［26］
尸体头颈跌落Nightingale等［27］
胸腹部胸部正面撞锤冲击Kroell等 ［28］慕鹏飞［18］
胸部侧面撞锤冲击Shaw等［29］
腹部正面棒击Cavanaugh等［30］
下肢长骨准静态三点弯曲Yamada［31］张城铭［19］
大小腿动态三点弯曲Kerrigan等［32］
下肢整体剪切弯曲Kajzer等［33］

表2

TUST IBMs M50-P体征参数"

测量项目TUST IBMs M50-PGB/T 10000—2023差值比例/%
身高/mm1 7201 7060.8
体质量/kg67.2692.6
肩高/mm1 4361 3843.8
会阴高/mm7387350.4
大腿长/mm4774721.1
小腿长/mm3613784.5

表3

TUST IBMs M50-P站姿模型验证矩阵"

试验项目冲击器加载条件参考文献

冲击速度

/（m·s-1）

冲击位置
肩部冲击4.5/6.8肩峰中心Marth［35］，Koh等［36］
胸部冲击4.4/6.5/9.5剑突Viano等［37］
腹部冲击4.8/6.8/9.4剑突下方7.5 cmViano等［37］
骨盆冲击5.2/9.8大转子中心Viano等［37］

图2

钝性冲击仿真试验"

图3

Euro NCAP TB024对标试验"

图4

不同角度人-车碰撞仿真试验"

图5

肋骨最大塑性应变云图"

表4

TUST IBMs M50-P走姿模型姿态定义参数"

参数名称/单位TB024参考值TUST IBMs M50-P走姿模型测量值符合容差示意图
Px ：鞋跟x方向距离/mm310（±5%）310是
Py ：鞋跟y方向距离/mm185（±15%）159是
K：右大腿角/（°）89（±3）90是
L：左大腿角/（°）106（±5）104是
G：右膝关节角/（°）164（±3）167是
H：左膝关节角/（°）175（±5）179是
Ty ：右上臂y方向角/（°）98（±3）101是
Uy ：左上臂y方向角/（°）70（±3）71是
Tx ：右上臂x方向角/（°）100（±10）102是
Ux ：左上臂x方向角/（°）100（±10）104是
V：右肘关节角/（°）140（±5）140是
W：左肘关节角/（°）160（±10）158是
AC z ：AC高度/mm949（±1.2%）892否
HC x ：HC与AC的x方向距离/mm44（±15）42是
HC z ：HC高度/mm1 686（±0.8%）1 657否
M：体质量/kg76.7（+10%/-5%）67.2否

图6

仿真试验HIT值"

图7

不同碰撞角度下行人运动学响应"

表5

不同碰撞角度下头部响应参数"

碰撞角度HIC15WAD/mmHIT/ms
右侧碰撞1 5301 771111
正面碰撞2 4821 769104
左侧碰撞9911 796112
背面碰撞6 1261 799103

表6

头部生物力学参数"

损伤指标碰撞角度损伤阈值
右侧碰撞正面碰撞左侧碰撞背面碰撞

Von mises

应力

（最大值）/kPa

15 kPa，脑震荡［40］

剪切应力

（最大值）/kPa

10 kPa，80%概率轻度

脑创伤［41］

表7

下肢长骨密质骨应变云图"

碰撞角度
右侧碰撞正面碰撞左侧碰撞背面碰撞
股骨应变云图（左侧股骨骨折时间/右侧股骨骨折时间）/ms

胫骨、腓骨应变云图

（骨折时间）/ms

图8

膝关节韧带断裂时间"

图9

图斯特行人系列损伤仿生模型"

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