SUS301L不锈钢激光焊缝缺陷修复工艺

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200792

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在不锈钢车体侧墙的生产过程中，钢板在装配过程中不可避免会存在间隙。间隙的存在会使得焊缝表面出现下凹、未焊透等缺陷，对焊缝的表面质量和静强度产生不利影响。针对上述问题，采用激光焊对缺陷焊缝进行重熔修复，研究了激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量对修复焊缝表面质量、微观组织及力学性能的影响规律，并采用正交优化试验设计方法进一步优化激光修复工艺参数，得到优化的激光修复工艺最佳参数如下：激光功率为1.6 kW、焊接速度为3.81 m/min，离焦量为0 mm。修复焊缝最大拉剪力为16.3 kN，大于无缺陷焊缝的拉剪力，而且激光修复焊缝晶粒未粗化。研究表明，激光修复技术能够有效修复焊缝表面塌陷，修复焊缝的拉剪力满足实际生产技术要求，该工艺可以应用于实际生产。

关键词: 不锈钢侧墙, 间隙, 焊缝修复, 正交优化, 拉剪力

Abstract:

It is found that the assembly gap is inevitable in the welding process of the car body，especially in the manufacturing process of the large-size components such as the side walls of the vehicle body. In general，the existence of assembly gap will lead to quality problems，such as lack of fusion and surface forming，which is harmful to the static strength and fatigue strength of the weld. In this paper，laser welding was used to remelt and repair the surface collapse defect of laser weld，and the effects of laser power，welding speed and focusing distance on the surface quality and mechanical properties of repaired welds were studied. Furthermore，the orthogonal optimization test method was used to optimize the laser repair process parameters. The optimized parameters of laser repair process are as follows： laser power is 1.6 kW，welding speed is 3.81 m/min and focusing amount is 0 mm. The maximum tensile shear force of laser repaired weld is 16.3 kN，which is greater than that of the laser weld without defects，and the crystal grains of the laser repaired joint are not coarsened. The research shows that the laser repair technology can effectively repair the surface collapse of the laser weld and the tensile shear force of the repair weld can meet the technical requirements of the actual production. This technology can be applied to the actual production.

Key words: stainless steel sidewall, gap, weld repair, orthogonal optimization, tensile shear load

中图分类号:

TG456.7

王文权,王岩新,王洪潇,李欣,吴鹏. SUS301L不锈钢激光焊缝缺陷修复工艺[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(1): 79-90.

Wen-quan WANG,Yan-xin WANG,Hong-xiao WANG,Xin LI,Peng WU. Defects repair technology of SUS301L stainless steel laser weld[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(1): 79-90.

图/表 18

图1

表1

激光修复工艺参数"

P/kW	v/（m·min $- 1$ ）	d_f/mm
1.2	3.81	0
1.3	3.81	0
1.4	3.81	0
1.5	3.81	0
1.6	3.81	0
1.4	3.61	0
1.4	3.71	0
1.4	3.91	0
1.4	3.81	+5
1.4	3.81	+10

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图12

图13

图14

表2

表3

正交试验结果分析"

方差来源	偏差平方和S	自由度	方差	F值	临界值F $α$	显著性水平	显著性
A	1.0689	2	0.5344	17.179	F_0.1（2，2）=9	0.1	*
B	18.0160	2	9.0078	289.540	F_0.01（2，2）=99	0.01	***
C	0.7622	2	0.3811	12.250	F_0.1（2，2）=9	0.1	*
误差	0.0622	2	0.0311
总和	19.9093	8

表3

图15

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	A 激光功率P/kW	B 焊接速度v/（m·min^-1）	C 离焦量d_f/mm		F_平均/kN
1	（1）1.4	（1）3.71	（1）0	（1）	13
2	（1）1.4	（2）3.81	（2）+5	（2）	15
3	（1）1.4	（3）3.91	（3）+10	（3）	12
4	（2）1.5	（1）3.71	（2）+5	（3）	12.2
5	（2）1.5	（2）3.81	（3）+10	（1）	14.8
6	（2）1.5	（3）3.91	（1）0	（2）	12.1
7	（3）1.6	（1）3.71	（3）+10	（2）	13.2
8	（3）1.6	（2）3.81	（1）0	（3）	16.3
9	（3）1.6	（3）3.91	（2）+5	（1）	12.1