考虑动力学性能的高速薄壁齿轮多目标优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20231312

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高功率密度，航空齿轮通常采用薄腹板、薄轮缘等薄壁结构，但这会使齿轮高度柔性化，进而导致动力学性能下降。在高速薄壁齿轮设计中，如何平衡轻量化和动力学性能，以实现系统性能最优是一大难题。因此，本文首先考虑薄壁齿轮、轴和箱体等构件柔性、齿轮6自由度以及离心力、惯性力的影响，建立了高速薄壁齿轮系统柔性多体动力学模型，并通过实验进行了验证。其次，提出了基于柔性齿轮动力学的高速薄壁齿轮多目标轻量化优化设计方法。优化设计中，基于高速薄壁齿轮动力学仿真，建立了动力学性能、强度、疲劳寿命评价指标；采用参数-性能相关性分析方法，选取了影响较大的参数进行优化。最后，开展了多目标轻量化设计研究，获得了相比传统设计振动噪声更低、重量更轻的高速薄壁齿轮系统。

关键词: 机械设计, 高速薄壁齿轮, 柔性多体动力学, 参数-性能相关性分析, 多目标优化, 轻量化

Abstract:

In order to improve the power density， the aviation gear is usually made of thin wall structure such as thin web and thin rim， but this will make the gear highly flexible， resulting in decreased dynamic performance. In high-speed thin-walled gear design， how to balance lightweight and dynamic performance to make the system performance optimal is a big problem. Therefore， firstly considering the influence of thin-walled gear， shaft， housing and other components flexibility， gear 6 degrees of freedom， centrifugal force， inertia force， the flexible multi-body dynamics model of high-speed thin-walled gear system is established， and verified by experiments. Secondly， a multi-objective lightweight optimization design method for high-speed thin-walled gears based on flexible gear dynamics is proposed. In the optimization design， based on the dynamic simulation of high-speed thin-walled gear， the evaluation indexes of dynamic performance， strength and fatigue life are established. The parameter-performance correlation analysis method is used to select the most influential parameters for optimization. Finally， the multi-objective lightweight design research is carried out， and the high-speed thin-walled gear system with lower vibration noise and lighter weight compared to traditional designs is obtained.

Key words: mechanical design, high-speed thin-walled gears, flexible multi-body dynamics, parameter-performance correlation analysis, multi-objective optimization, lightweight

中图分类号:

TH132.4

刘长钊,宋健,李峥琪,张铁,王磊. 考虑动力学性能的高速薄壁齿轮多目标优化[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(8): 2487-2500.

Chang-zhao LIU,Jian SONG,Zheng-qi LI,Tie ZHANG,Lei WANG. Multi-objective optimization of high-speed thin-walled gears considering dynamic performance[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(8): 2487-2500.

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参数名称	小齿轮	大齿轮
齿数	35	68
法向模数/mm	2.5	2.5
法向压力角/（°）	25	25
螺旋角/（°）	12	12
法向齿顶高系数	1	1
法向顶隙系数	0.25	0.25
齿宽/mm	40	40

方向	振动加速度峰峰值/（m·s^-2）			啮合频率f_m幅值/（m·s^-2）
方向	实验	仿真	误差/%	实验	仿真	误差/%
X	183.18	171.81	6.21	9.05	10.18	12.49
Y	109.65	115.62	5.44	5.25	5.39	2.67
Z	148.17	131.58	11.20	23.46	24.02	2.39

部件或结构	符号	物理意义
减重孔	n_rh	减重孔数量
	d_rh	减重孔径向位置
	w_rh	减重孔宽度
	α_rh	减重孔周向角
轮缘和腹板	d_rim	轮缘内径
	l_out	腹板外径处与左端面距离
	t_out	腹板外径处壁厚
	l_in	腹板内径处与左端面距离
	t_in	腹板内径处壁厚
轴	d_sh	轴通孔直径
箱体	t_h	箱体壁厚

性能目标	原设计	权衡解1	权衡解2
e_mt	0.174	0.162	0.165
m_s/kg	41.66	38.43	31.57
v_max/（mm·s^-1）	8.58	8.46	11.15

结构参数	原设计	权衡解1	权衡解2
n_rh	0	4	3
d_rh/mm	0	87.10	93.17
w_rh/mm	0	15.78	25.32
α_rh/rad	0	0.08	0.03
d_rim/mm	155	161.50	155.88
l_out/mm	14	11.01	13.96
t_out/mm	12	8.82	4.06
l_in/mm	14	10.39	3.28
t_in/mm	12	8.80	9.94
d_sh/mm	0	9.34	10.12
t_h/mm	15	14.20	11.27