Table 1

Material proprieties"

Fig.1

Dispersion curve and ISCC value of 1 mm airfoil with 1 mm ice"

Fig.2

Effect of ice thickness on deicing frequency and high ISCC value range"

Fig.3

Effect Young's module of ice on deicing frequency and high ISCC value range"

Fig.4

NACA 0015 airfoil scaled-down wing model wing leading edge"

Fig.5

Finite element diagram of verification model and physical diagram of verification model"

Fig.6

Comparison of experimental and finite element impedance curves"

Fig.7

Calculation model of iced airfoil with piezoelectric wafer placed at 10% of wing chord length"

Table 2

Maximum adhesive layer thickness when piezoelectric wafer at different installation locations"

Fig.8

Transformation relationship between global and local coordinates of airfoil"

Fig.9

Mapped coordinate system of ice interface"

Fig.10

Displacement of airfoil and shear stresses at interface of ice layer when 50 mm piezoelectric wafers installed at different locations of airfoil"

Fig.11

Displacement of airfoil and shear stresses at interface of ice layer when 60 mm piezoelectric wafers installed at different locations of airfoil"

Fig.12

DEF values of 50 mm piezoelectric wafers at different locations"

Fig.13

DEF values of the 60 mm piezoelectric wafers at different locations"

Fig.14

Total shear stress of the piezoelectric wafers at different locations"

Fig.15

Location of piezoelectric wafers inside airfoil"

Fig.16

Deicing experimental setup"

Fig.17

Deicing process of 50 mm piezoelectric wafer ultrasonic deicing system and comparison of experimental and simulation results"