Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (1): 231-241.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210051

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Design and experiment of root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland

Fang LIANG1,2,3(),De-cheng WANG2,4(),Yong YOU2,4,Guang-hui WANG2,4,Yu-bing WANG1,Xiao-ming ZHANG2,Jin-kui FENG2   

  1. 1.College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China
    2.College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid?lower Yangtze River,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China
    4.Key Laboratory of Soil?machine?plant System of Chinese Agriculture Ministry,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2021-01-19 Online:2022-01-01 Published:2022-01-14
  • Contact: De-cheng WANG E-mail:liangfang101@sina.com;wdc@cau.edu.cn

Abstract:

To remediate the degraded grassland, the root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound machine was designed, which could realize the multi-functions of root-cutting with fertilizing, root-cutting with reseeding and root-cutting with fertilizing and reseeding. This machine can be used to solve the problems in furrowing and cutting process, such as the high firmness and great amount of the stubble of the grassland soil, the unevenness of seeding rate caused by the sliding of the wheel on the uneven grassland with many holes and gravel. The edge curves of the root-cutting blades were optimized, showing that the exponential sine curve was the best suitable edge curve when the value of the beginning static sliding cut angle was 40° and the proportional coefficient between the increment of the static sliding cutting angle and the polar angle was -0.1. The layered- staggered- covering furrowing device was innovated. the working process includes the following steps, after the soil surface was broken by the stubble-cutting blade, seed bed was formed with seeding double disc furrow opener, fertilizer bed was formed with fertilization double disc furrow opener pressing down the soil to the specify depth in the root-cutting opening and pushing the soil to cover the seed. The results show that the device can furrow stably and form suitable fertilizer bed and seed bed. The depth and width of the fertilizer bed were 47.3 mm and 29.5 mm, the depth and width of the seed bed were 44.7 mm and 19.9 mm, while the soil broken rate was just 14.2%, which benefits for the protection of the grassland degradation. The seeding control system of the groove wheel was designed by controlling the rotation speed and the working length of the groove wheel seeder. In the system, the two signals of the two ground wheels speed were collected and compared, the higher one was used for the control unit to control the speed of motors to change the rotation speed length of the groove wheel seeder to keep the seeding amount consistent by synchronizing the speed of the above two motors with the speed of the tractor. The simulation through the Protues software showed that the system could compare the two signals of the ground wheels and keep the rotation speed of the groove wheel seeder and the ground wheel synchrony and change the transmission ratio. It was helpful to improve the uniformity of seeding rate.

Key words: agricultural engineering, grassland remediation, root-cuter with fertilization and reseeding, blade, ditching device, seeding rate control system, performance test

CLC Number: 

  • S222.3

Fig.1

Structural principle of machine of root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding"

Table 1

Results of blade optimization"

刃线

种类

曲线特征数学表达式比功耗与特征参数关系

取值

条件

比功耗最小值/(kJ·m-3

对数

螺线

静态滑切角为定值r=r0eθarctanτ0Ev=-16.8τ02+1603τ0-30681τ0=60°5031

阿基米

德螺线

静态滑切角的正切与 极径成正比r=r0(1+K1θ)影响不显著/5513

正弦指

数曲线

静态滑切角增量与 极角呈线性关系r=r0(sin(τ0+K2θ)sinτ0)1K2Ev=-16.8τ02-750k22-164.2τ0k2+60.8τ0-1215k2+403ρ+12092e

k2=-0.1

τ0=40°

3345

偏心圆

弧线

刃口曲线为偏心圆弧线 一部分r=ρcos?±ρ(R'/ρ)2-sin2?Ev=1.34ρ2+42100e2-885ρe

ρ=170

e=1.4

3930

Fig.2

Parameters of blade"

Fig.3

Structure of layered-staggered-covering furrowing device"

Fig.4

Process of furrowing device"

Fig.5

Parameters of furrow openers"

Fig.6

Structure and principle of seeding control system"

Fig.7

Circuit of seeding control system"

Table 2

Screening results of different frequencies"

项 目数 值
左地轮频率信号/Hz8105846
右地轮频率信号/HZ10884610
地轮转速/(r·min-1303024241830
电机转速/(r·min-115151212915

Table 3

Relationship between motor speed and wheel speed"

项 目数 值
左右地轮频率信号/Hz101418202430
地轮转速/(r·min-1304254607290
电机转速/(r·min-1152127303645

Table 4

Relationship between motor speed and transmission ratio"

项 目数 值
传动比234567
地轮转速/(r·min-1303030303030
电机转速/(r·min-115107654

Table 5

Parameters of whole machine"

参 数单 位数 值
长×宽×高

mm

mm

mm

mm

mm

1420×2600×1020
工作幅宽2400
切根行距400
施肥行距400
播种行距400
切根行数

6
施肥行数6
播种行数6
电机最大转速r/min42.7
电机最大扭矩N·m22.7
电机最大功率W100
播种量调整范围kg/ha15~60
排种槽轮转速r/min17.5
施肥量调整范围kg/ha50~125
排肥槽轮转速r/min26
切根转速r/min250
机器行进速度km/h4.3
配套动力kW60

Fig.8

Field experiment"

Table 6

Width of the root cutting and furrowing"

序号切根沟缝宽度/mm种沟开沟器开沟宽度/mm肥沟开沟器开沟宽度/mm地表破坏率/%
123456123456123456
15.66.16.810.56.26.815.316.220.222.626.819.926.825.527.424.128.229.013.5
26.05.86.410.56.56.218.317.716.819.822.323.430.931.429.628.630.328.614.1
35.55.66.512.16.36.816.617.015.318.119.624.028.330.731.930.729.628.713.9
46.15.96.711.96.88.017.415.619.420.620.721.326.429.030.732.634.431.014.6
55.36.16.010.86.59.619.818.421.023.524.226.129.531.030.230.432.328.215.0
均值7.219.929.514.2
变异系数/% 7.710.77.23.7

Table 7

Depth of the root cutting and furrowing"

序号切根深度/mm种沟开沟深度/mm肥沟开沟深度/mm
123456123456123456
117817617718017817144.045.244.643.843.546.046.247.54747.647.848.0
218018418218318617045.244.845.845.644.345.245.846.547.847.545.646.6
318118418618718318543.843.644.044.244.546.847.248.047.645.948.545.7
417017117417517517744.844.645.248.349.047.847.548.349.046.548.148.2
516817017717017517945.045.244.845.948.048.546.847.947.346.948.548.8
均值177.744.747.3
变异系数/% 3.32.61.9
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