草地切根施肥补播复式改良机设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210051

Abstract

Abstract:

To remediate the degraded grassland， the root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound machine was designed， which could realize the multi-functions of root-cutting with fertilizing， root-cutting with reseeding and root-cutting with fertilizing and reseeding. This machine can be used to solve the problems in furrowing and cutting process， such as the high firmness and great amount of the stubble of the grassland soil， the unevenness of seeding rate caused by the sliding of the wheel on the uneven grassland with many holes and gravel. The edge curves of the root-cutting blades were optimized， showing that the exponential sine curve was the best suitable edge curve when the value of the beginning static sliding cut angle was 40° and the proportional coefficient between the increment of the static sliding cutting angle and the polar angle was -0.1. The layered- staggered- covering furrowing device was innovated. the working process includes the following steps， after the soil surface was broken by the stubble-cutting blade， seed bed was formed with seeding double disc furrow opener， fertilizer bed was formed with fertilization double disc furrow opener pressing down the soil to the specify depth in the root-cutting opening and pushing the soil to cover the seed. The results show that the device can furrow stably and form suitable fertilizer bed and seed bed. The depth and width of the fertilizer bed were 47.3 mm and 29.5 mm， the depth and width of the seed bed were 44.7 mm and 19.9 mm， while the soil broken rate was just 14.2%， which benefits for the protection of the grassland degradation. The seeding control system of the groove wheel was designed by controlling the rotation speed and the working length of the groove wheel seeder. In the system， the two signals of the two ground wheels speed were collected and compared， the higher one was used for the control unit to control the speed of motors to change the rotation speed length of the groove wheel seeder to keep the seeding amount consistent by synchronizing the speed of the above two motors with the speed of the tractor. The simulation through the Protues software showed that the system could compare the two signals of the ground wheels and keep the rotation speed of the groove wheel seeder and the ground wheel synchrony and change the transmission ratio. It was helpful to improve the uniformity of seeding rate.

Key words: agricultural engineering, grassland remediation, root-cuter with fertilization and reseeding, blade, ditching device, seeding rate control system, performance test

CLC Number:

S222.3

Fang LIANG,De-cheng WANG,Yong YOU,Guang-hui WANG,Yu-bing WANG,Xiao-ming ZHANG,Jin-kui FENG. Design and experiment of root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(1): 231-241.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1

Table 1

Results of blade optimization"

刃线种类	曲线特征	数学表达式	比功耗与特征参数关系	取值条件	比功耗最小值/（kJ·m^-3）
对数螺线	静态滑切角为定值	$r = r 0 e θ a r c t a n τ 0$	$E v = - 16.8 τ 02 + 1603 τ 0 - 30681$	τ₀=60°	5031
阿基米德螺线	静态滑切角的正切与极径成正比	$r = r 0 (1 + K 1 θ)$	影响不显著	/	5513
正弦指数曲线	静态滑切角增量与极角呈线性关系	$r = r 0 (s i n (τ 0 + K 2 θ) s i n τ 0) 1 K 2$	$E v = - 16.8 τ 02 - 750 k 22 - 164.2 τ 0 k 2 + 60.8 τ 0 - 1215 k 2 + 403 ρ + 12092 e$	k₂=-0.1 τ₀=40°	3345
偏心圆弧线	刃口曲线为偏心圆弧线一部分	$r = ρ c o s ? ± ρ (R' / ρ) 2 - s i n 2 ?$	$E v = 1.34 ρ 2 + 42100 e 2 - 885 ρ e$	ρ=170 e=1.4	3930

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.8

Table 6

Table 7

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参数	单位	数值
长×宽×高	mm mm mm mm mm	1420×2600×1020
工作幅宽		2400
切根行距		400
施肥行距		400
播种行距		400
切根行数	行行行	6
施肥行数		6
播种行数		6
电机最大转速	r/min	42.7
电机最大扭矩	N·m	22.7
电机最大功率	W	100
播种量调整范围	kg/ha	15~60
排种槽轮转速	r/min	17.5
施肥量调整范围	kg/ha	50~125
排肥槽轮转速	r/min	26
切根转速	r/min	250
机器行进速度	km/h	4.3
配套动力	kW	60

序号	切根沟缝宽度/mm						种沟开沟器开沟宽度/mm						肥沟开沟器开沟宽度/mm						地表破坏率/%
序号	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6	地表破坏率/%
1	5.6	6.1	6.8	10.5	6.2	6.8	15.3	16.2	20.2	22.6	26.8	19.9	26.8	25.5	27.4	24.1	28.2	29.0	13.5
2	6.0	5.8	6.4	10.5	6.5	6.2	18.3	17.7	16.8	19.8	22.3	23.4	30.9	31.4	29.6	28.6	30.3	28.6	14.1
3	5.5	5.6	6.5	12.1	6.3	6.8	16.6	17.0	15.3	18.1	19.6	24.0	28.3	30.7	31.9	30.7	29.6	28.7	13.9
4	6.1	5.9	6.7	11.9	6.8	8.0	17.4	15.6	19.4	20.6	20.7	21.3	26.4	29.0	30.7	32.6	34.4	31.0	14.6
5	5.3	6.1	6.0	10.8	6.5	9.6	19.8	18.4	21.0	23.5	24.2	26.1	29.5	31.0	30.2	30.4	32.3	28.2	15.0
均值	7.2						19.9						29.5						14.2
变异系数/% 7.7							10.7						7.2						3.7

序号	切根深度/mm						种沟开沟深度/mm						肥沟开沟深度/mm
序号	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6	1	2	3	4	5	6
1	178	176	177	180	178	171	44.0	45.2	44.6	43.8	43.5	46.0	46.2	47.5	47	47.6	47.8	48.0
2	180	184	182	183	186	170	45.2	44.8	45.8	45.6	44.3	45.2	45.8	46.5	47.8	47.5	45.6	46.6
3	181	184	186	187	183	185	43.8	43.6	44.0	44.2	44.5	46.8	47.2	48.0	47.6	45.9	48.5	45.7
4	170	171	174	175	175	177	44.8	44.6	45.2	48.3	49.0	47.8	47.5	48.3	49.0	46.5	48.1	48.2
5	168	170	177	170	175	179	45.0	45.2	44.8	45.9	48.0	48.5	46.8	47.9	47.3	46.9	48.5	48.8
均值	177.7						44.7						47.3
变异系数/% 3.3							2.6						1.9

Design and experiment of root-cutter with fertilization and reseeding compound remediation machine for grassland

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