AH36船舶钢激光焊接热源模拟优化与残余应力仿真分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240657

Abstract

Abstract:

In shipbuilding， the laser-welding heat source is intrinsically narrow and deep； while this favors penetration depth and travel speed， it also promotes localized heat accumulation and residual-stress concentration. Focusing on AH36 high-strength steel， this study employs finite-element simulation to characterize the melt-pool geometry in laser welding. Ten moving-heat-source patterns are selected and defined； the cross-sectional shapes at steady-state welding are extracted for each model and compared with the actual melt-pool profile observed in laser welds， allowing the optimum heat-source model for butt-joint laser welding to be identified. Furthermore， thermo-mechanical coupling simulations are performed to predict the welding distortion and residual-stress distribution in laser-welded butt plates， and the predictions are validated against experimental measurements. Good agreement is achieved in both magnitude and trend， providing a reliable theoretical basis for subsequent optimization of laser-welding procedures and fatigue assessment of laser-welded structures.

Key words: laser welding, heat source model, AH36 high-strength steel, residual stress, fatigue evaluation, weld pool shape

CLC Number:

U663.9

Wei SHEN,Jia-xing GUO,Yue YIN. Simulation optimization of laser welding heat source and residual stress simulation analysis of AH36 marine steel[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(1): 140-149.

Figures/Tables 17

Table 1

Combined heat source formula"

热源名称	热源密度分布公式
高斯（Gaussian）热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = q 0 ? e x p - 3 (x 2 + y - v t 2) R 2 q 0 = 3 π R 2 ? Q$
高斯旋转体热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = q (0,0) ? e x p - 3 c s l g h z (x 2 + y - v t 2)$
双椭球热源	$q f (x, y, z, t) = 63 f f Q a b c f π 3 / 2 ? e x p - 3 x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 + z - v t 2 c f 2 q r (x, y, z, t) = 63 f r Q a b c r π 3 / 2 ? e x p - 3 x 2 a 2 + y 2 b 2 + z - v t 2 c r 2$
双高斯圆柱热源	$q 1 (x, y, z, t) = Q 1 π R 12 h 1 ? e x p - (x 2 + y - v t 2) R 1 2 u z q 2 (x, y, z, t) = Q 2 π R 22 h 2 ? e x p - (x 2 + y - v t 2) R 2 2 u z$
高斯圆柱热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = Q π R 2 h ? e x p - (x 2 + y - v t 2) R 2 u z$
高斯圆锥热源（Ⅰ）	$q (x, y, z, t) = Q π R 2 h ? e x p - (x 2 + y 2 + z - v t 2) R 2 1 - z d$
高斯圆锥热源（Ⅱ）	$q (x, y, z, t) = Q ? e x p - x 2 + z - v t 2 r 0 y 2 r 0 y = r e + r i + r e y i - y e y - y e$
圆锥吸收系数热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = α Q 1 - R r e f l e c t 2 π R 2 ? e x p - (x 2 + y - v t 2) 2 π R 2 - α z$
圆锥光束热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = α Q 1 - R r e f l e c t π σ x σ y ? e x p - x 2 2 σ x 2 - y 2 2 σ y 2 - α z$
抛物线热源	$q (x, y, z, t) = Q ? e x p - 3 x 2 + z - v t 2 r 0 y r 0 y = R ? y + h h$

Table 1

Fig.1

Table 2

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 3

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Fig.14

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温度/ ℃	密度/ （kg·m^-3）	弹性模量/ 10⁵ MPa	泊松比	导热系数 /（W·m^-1·℃^-1）	热膨胀系数/℃	比热容 /（J·kg^-1·℃^-1）	屈服强度/MPa
22	7 880	2.10	0.27	50	1.15	480	400
100	7 880	2.00	0.27	45	1.20	500	340
200	7 880	2.00	0.28	40	1.30	520	315
400	7 800	1.70	0.28	36	1.42	650	230
600	7 760	0.80	0.29	34	1.45	750	110
800	7 600	0.35	0.30	25	1.45	1 000	30
1 000	7 520	0.20	0.31	26	1.45	1 200	25
1 200	7 390	0.15	0.32	28	1.45	1 400	20
1 400	7 300	0.10	0.32	57	1.45	1 600	18
1 550	7 250	0.10	0.32	67	1.45	1 700	15
1 800	7 180	0.10	0.32	215	1.45	1 770	10
2 000	7 180	0.10	0.32	280	1.45	1 800	10

热源类型	XY剖面	热源类型	XY剖面
高斯热源		高斯圆锥热源（Ⅰ）
高斯旋转体热源		高斯圆锥热源（Ⅱ）
双椭球热源		圆锥吸收系数热源
高斯圆柱热源		圆锥光束热源
双高斯圆柱热源		抛物线热源
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Simulation optimization of laser welding heat source and residual stress simulation analysis of AH36 marine steel

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