Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 779-792.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250363

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Development and application of pedestrian human body model representing anthropometric characteristics of 50th percentile Chinese male for intelligent safety

Hong-qian ZHAO1,2(),Hai-yan LI1,2(),Cheng-ming ZHANG1,2,Shi-hai CUI1,2,Li-juan HE1,2,Wen-le LYU1,2   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical Engineering，Tianjin University of Science and Technology，Tianjin 300457，China
    2.International Research Association on Emerging Automotive Safety Technology，Tianjin 300457，China
  • Received:2025-04-24 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-03-31
  • Contact: Hai-yan LI E-mail:zhaohongqian2022@mail.tust.edu.cn;lihaiyan@tust.edu.cn

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Abstract:

The TUST 50th percentile Chinese male pedestrian injury bionic model was constructed based on CT medical imaging data of a volunteer with Chinese 50th percentile male anthropometric characteristics， and its effectiveness was verified by the reconstruction of cadaveric blunt impact tests. In accordance with the pedestrian model certification requirements outlined in the Euro NCAP protocols， a walking?posture model is further constructed， and simulation analyses of pedestrian?vehicle collisions at various collision angles were performed. Results indicate that in lateral collisions between pedestrians and vehicles， the head impact time was delayed by approximately 10 ms compared to frontal and rear impacts， and the overall injury severity was relatively mild. The highest risk of head trauma was exhibited in rear impacts， whereas severe injuries to the lower extremities were more likely to be caused by frontal impacts. These findings demonstrate that significant influence of collision angle on pedestrian injury was exerted. Therefore， collision angle should be carefully considered in the optimal design and assessment of pedestrian protection systems. The TUST injury bionic model developed in this study provides crucial technical support for research on pedestrian?vehicle collision injury mechanisms， optimization of intelligent safety systems for vehicles， and the construction of virtual evaluation frameworks.

Key words: vehicle engineering, TUST injury bionic model, 50th percentile Chinese male, pedestrian protection, collision angle

CLC Number: 

  • U467.14

Fig.1

TUST injury bionic models M50-P"

Table 1

Validation matrix for regional models of TUST IBMs M50-P"

验证

部位

试验名称参考文献

模型

验证

头部撞锤撞击前额Nahum等 ［20］曹祎帆［16］
刚性球撞击顶叶Yoganandan等［21］
泡沫冲击面部Trosseille等［22］
头部旋转Hardy等［23］
颈部志愿者侧面碰撞Ewing等［24］王福洋［17］
志愿者后碰撞Davidsson等［25］
志愿者前碰撞Arbogast等［26］
尸体头颈跌落Nightingale等［27］
胸腹部胸部正面撞锤冲击Kroell等 ［28］慕鹏飞［18］
胸部侧面撞锤冲击Shaw等［29］
腹部正面棒击Cavanaugh等［30］
下肢长骨准静态三点弯曲Yamada［31］张城铭［19］
大小腿动态三点弯曲Kerrigan等［32］
下肢整体剪切弯曲Kajzer等［33］

Table 2

Characteristic parameters of TUST IBMs M50-P"

测量项目TUST IBMs M50-PGB/T 10000—2023差值比例/%
身高/mm1 7201 7060.8
体质量/kg67.2692.6
肩高/mm1 4361 3843.8
会阴高/mm7387350.4
大腿长/mm4774721.1
小腿长/mm3613784.5

Table 3

Validation matrix of the TUST IBMs M50-P standing model"

试验项目冲击器加载条件参考文献

冲击速度

/（m·s-1）

冲击位置
肩部冲击4.5/6.8肩峰中心Marth［35］，Koh等［36］
胸部冲击4.4/6.5/9.5剑突Viano等［37］
腹部冲击4.8/6.8/9.4剑突下方7.5 cmViano等［37］
骨盆冲击5.2/9.8大转子中心Viano等［37］

Fig.2

Blunt impact simulations tests"

Fig.3

Euro NCAP TB024 benchmark tests"

Fig.4

Simulation tests of pedestrian-vehicle collisions at various collision angles"

Fig.5

Contour plot of maximum plastic strain in the ribs"

Table 4

Posture definition parameters for the walking model of TUST IBMs M50-P"

参数名称/单位TB024参考值TUST IBMs M50-P走姿模型测量值符合容差示意图
Px ：鞋跟x方向距离/mm310（±5%）310是
Py ：鞋跟y方向距离/mm185（±15%）159是
K：右大腿角/（°）89（±3）90是
L：左大腿角/（°）106（±5）104是
G：右膝关节角/（°）164（±3）167是
H：左膝关节角/（°）175（±5）179是
Ty ：右上臂y方向角/（°）98（±3）101是
Uy ：左上臂y方向角/（°）70（±3）71是
Tx ：右上臂x方向角/（°）100（±10）102是
Ux ：左上臂x方向角/（°）100（±10）104是
V：右肘关节角/（°）140（±5）140是
W：左肘关节角/（°）160（±10）158是
AC z ：AC高度/mm949（±1.2%）892否
HC x ：HC与AC的x方向距离/mm44（±15）42是
HC z ：HC高度/mm1 686（±0.8%）1 657否
M：体质量/kg76.7（+10%/-5%）67.2否

Fig.6

HIT value of simulation test"

Fig.7

Pedestrian kinematic response at different collision angles"

Table 5

Head response parameters at different collision angles"

碰撞角度HIC15WAD/mmHIT/ms
右侧碰撞1 5301 771111
正面碰撞2 4821 769104
左侧碰撞9911 796112
背面碰撞6 1261 799103

Table 6

Head biomechanical parameters"

损伤指标碰撞角度损伤阈值
右侧碰撞正面碰撞左侧碰撞背面碰撞

Von mises

应力

（最大值）/kPa

15 kPa，脑震荡［40］

剪切应力

（最大值）/kPa

10 kPa，80%概率轻度

脑创伤［41］

Table 7

Strain contour plot of cortical bone in lower extremity long bones"

碰撞角度
右侧碰撞正面碰撞左侧碰撞背面碰撞
股骨应变云图（左侧股骨骨折时间/右侧股骨骨折时间）/ms

胫骨、腓骨应变云图

（骨折时间）/ms

Fig.8

Knee ligament failure time"

Fig.9

TUST pedestrian series injury bionic model"

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