吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2024, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (5): 1390-1399.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20240524

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    

新血栓风险评估模型对恶性肿瘤患者静脉血栓形成的预测价值

李红红1,于娜1,史鸣昊1,孙莹2,李峣1,沈忠军1,刘晓一1,赵丽艳1()   

  1. 1.吉林大学第二医院输血科,吉林 长春 130041
    2.吉林大学第二医院检验科,吉林 长春 130041
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-20 出版日期:2024-09-28 发布日期:2024-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵丽艳 E-mail:zhaoliy@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李红红(1997-),女,山西省忻州市人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事肿瘤和血栓形成机制方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省科技厅科技发展计划项目(20240601004RC)

Predictive value of new thrombotic risk assessment model for venous thromboembolism in patients with malignant tumors

Honghong LI1,Na YU1,Minghao SHI1,Ying SUN2,Yao LI1,Zhongjun SHEN1,Xiaoyi LIU1,Liyan ZHAO1()   

  1. 1.Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
    2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
  • Received:2023-12-20 Online:2024-09-28 Published:2024-10-28
  • Contact: Liyan ZHAO E-mail:zhaoliy@jlu.edu.cn

摘要:

目的 构建一种新的血栓风险评估模型,评估其对恶性肿瘤患者并发静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的预测能力,为早期预测具有VTE高风险的恶性肿瘤患者提供依据。 方法 纳入128例未接受过治疗的恶性肿瘤患者,将其中40例在确诊恶性肿瘤2个月内被诊断为VTE的患者作为VTE组,88例未出现VTE者作为非VTE组。比较和分析各组患者的临床危险因素和实验室检测指标,分析患者血栓事件的类型,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT)、α2-纤溶酶原激活剂-纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂复合物(PIC)、D-二聚体(D-dimer)和纤维蛋白(原)降解产物(FDP)在恶性肿瘤并发VTE中的诊断价值。采用多变量Logistic回归分析法分析临床危险因素和生物标志物与恶性肿瘤并发VTE的相关性。构建由TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1、低分化和心血管危险因素组成的新血栓风险评估模型。根据模型的显著性、拟合优异度、校准曲线和C值评估模型对恶性肿瘤并发VTE事件的预测概率。采用模型的C值和决策曲线分析(DCA)比较新血栓风险评估模型、COMPASS-CAT风险评分(CRS)和Khorana风险评分(KRS)评估恶性肿瘤患者并发VTE的临床应用价值。 结果 VTE组患者血浆TAT(P<0.001)、PIC(P<0.001)、D-dimer(P<0.05)和FDP(P<0.01)水平均高于非VTE组;与无心血管危险因素、低分化和淋巴转移的患者比较,有心血管危险因素(P<0.001)、低分化(P<0.001)和淋巴转移(P<0.05)的恶性肿瘤患者更容易发生VTE。VTE事件中,大部分(65%)VTE类型为单独深静脉血栓栓塞(DVT)。ROC曲线分析,TAT和PIC的曲线下面积(AUC值)、敏感度和特异度均高于D-dimer和FDP。TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1P<0.05)、低分化(P<0.01)和心血管危险因素(P<0.01)是恶性肿瘤患者发生VTE的独立危险因素。构建了由TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1、低分化和心血管危险因素组成的新血栓风险评估模型。新的风险评估模型有较高的拟合优度(P=0.805)和良好的内部验证(χ2=75.266,P<0.001)。采用ROC曲线分析新血栓风险预测模型、CRS和KRS的C值分别为0.908、0.676和0.541,使用DCA曲线分析新血栓风险评估模型、CRS和KRS的临床预测价值,与CRS和KRS比较,构建的新血栓风险评估模型具有更高的净获益率。 结论 TAT和PIC早期预测VTE高风险的恶性肿瘤患者较D-dimer具有更高的诊断效能。对于本研究纳入的恶性肿瘤患者,由TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1、低分化和心血管危险因素构建的新血栓风险评估模型诊断效能和临床预测价值均优于CRS和KRS。

关键词: 恶性肿瘤, 静脉血栓栓塞, 生物标志物, 风险因素, 风险评估模型

Abstract:

Objective To construct a new thrombus risk assessment model and evaluate its predictive ability for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the patients with malignant tumors, and to provide the basis for the early predition of the malignant tumor patients with high risk for VTE. Methods A total of 128 untreated malignant tumor patients were included, of which 40 were diagnosed with VTE within 2 months of malignant tumor diagnosis and categorized as VTE group. A total of 88 patients who did not develop VTE were categorized as non-VTE group. The clinical risk factors and laboratory indicators of the patients in two groups were compared and analyzed; the types of thrombotic events of the patients were analyzed; the diagnostic values of thrombin-antithrombin-complex (TAT), α2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complex(PIC), D-dimer(D-dimer), and fibrin degradation products(FDP) in malignant tumors complicated by VTE were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis; Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlations of the clinical risk factors and biomarkers with the malignant tumors complicated with VTE. A new thrombus risk assessment model was constructed, consisting of TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1, poor differentiation, and cardiovascular risk factors. The predictive probability of the model for malignant tumors complicated by VTE was evaluated based on the significance, goodness of fit, calibration curve, and C value of the model. The clinical application value of the new thrombus risk assessment model, COMPASS-CAT risk score (CRS), and Khorana risk score (KRS) in assessing malignant tumor patients complicated by VTE was compared using the C value and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results The plasma levels of TAT (P<0.001), PIC (P<0.001), D-dimer (P<0.05), and FDP (P<0.01) of the patients in VTE group were higher than those in non-VTE group. Compared with the patients without cardiovascular risk factors, poor differentiation, and lymphatic metastasis, the malignant tumor patients with cardiovascular risk factors (P<0.001), poor differentiation (P<0.001), and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05) were more likely to develop VTE. Most VTE events (65%) were isolated deep vein thromboembolism(DVT). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of TAT and PIC were higher than those of D-dimer and FDP. TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1P<0.05), poor differentiation (P<0.01), and cardiovascular risk factors(P<0.01) were the independent risk factors for VTE in the malignant tumor patients. A new thrombus risk assessment model consisting of TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1, poor differentiation, and cardiovascular risk factors was constructed. The new risk assessment model had a high goodness of fit (P=0.805) and good predictive ability during internal validation (χ2=75.266, P<0.001). The ROC curve analysis results showed that the C values for the new thrombus risk prediction model, CRS, and KRS were 0.908, 0.676, and 0.541, respectively. The DCA curve analysis results showed that the new thrombus risk assessment model had a higher net benefit rate compared with CRS and KRS. Conclusion TAT and PIC have greater diagnostic efficiency than D-dimer in the early prediction of the malignant tumor patients with high-risk VTE. For the patients included in this study, the new thrombus risk assessment model, constructed from TAT≥0.70 μg·L-1, poor differentiation, and cardiovascular risk factors, has superior diagnostic efficiency and clinical predictive value compared with CRS and KRS.

Key words: Malignant tumor, Venous thromboembolism, Biomarker, Risk factor, Risk assessment model

中图分类号: 

  • R730.6