吉林大学学报(医学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1274-1280.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250514

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    

高度近视患者黄斑区和视盘区视网膜结构及微血管密度变化及其与眼轴长度的关系

俞灏,焦子芸,王宁宇,朱子语,邱奥望(),张薇玮()   

  1. 南京医科大学第一附属医院眼科,江苏 南京 210029
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 接受日期:2025-05-31 出版日期:2025-09-28 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 邱奥望,张薇玮 E-mail:awqiu@njmu.edu.cn;ww_zhang_nj@yeah.net
  • 作者简介:俞 灏(1988-),男,江苏省南京市人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事眼底病基础和临床诊治方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81900873);江苏省科技厅重点研发计划社会发展项目(BE2023777);江苏省人民医院临床能力提升工程项目(JSPH-MB-2023-18)

Changes in retinal structure and microvascular density in macular and optic disc regions and their correlations with axial length in high myopia patients

Hao YU,Ziyun JIAO,Ningyu WANG,Ziyu ZHU,Aowang QIU(),Weiwei ZHANG()   

  1. Department of Opthalmology,First Affiliated Hospital,Nanjing Medical University,Nanjing 210029,China
  • Received:2025-04-03 Accepted:2025-05-31 Online:2025-09-28 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Aowang QIU,Weiwei ZHANG E-mail:awqiu@njmu.edu.cn;ww_zhang_nj@yeah.net

摘要:

目的 探讨高度近视(HM)患者与非HM者在视网膜结构和微循环上的变化,并阐明相关指标与眼轴长度(AL)的关系。 方法 选取40例单纯HM患者(非病理性近视)的80只眼作为病例组,选取年龄和性别相匹配的40例非HM者的80只眼作为对照组。所有研究对象均行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、AL、等效球镜(SE)和光学相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)检查。采用OCTA检测2组研究对象浅层视网膜毛细血管丛(SCP)、深层视网膜毛细血管丛(DCP)和视盘周围放射状毛细血管(RPC)血管密度、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)以及黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)的面积及体积,分析2组研究对象各项指标的差异。采用生物测量仪测量2组研究对象的AL,并分析AL与上述各项指标的关系。 结果 2组研究对象年龄和性别构成比比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,病例组患者眼视网膜黄斑区域除中心凹处外整体、旁中心凹和中心凹周围的SCP血管密度及DCP血管密度均明显降低(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,病例组患者视盘区域RPC血管密度在整体、周围、周围上半部和周围下半部均明显降低(P<0.001),内盘RPC血管密度明显升高(P<0.01)。与对照组比较,病例组患者总体FAZ体积明显升高(P<0.01),旁中心凹和中心凹周围区域CMT明显降低(P<0.001)。病例组患者AL与SCP血管密度(r=-0.642,P<0.001)、DCP血管密度(r=-0.388,P<0.001)、RPC血管密度(r=-0.639,P<0.001)和CMT(r=-0.495,P<0.001)均呈负相关关系;与FAZ体积呈正相关关系(r=0.580,P<0.001);与FAZ面积无相关性(r=-0.062,P=0.587)。 结论 HM患者在早期即可能出现SCP、DCP和RPC血管密度降低及中心视网膜变薄和FAZ体积增加,且随着AL增加,SCP、DCP和RPC血管密度及CMT降低,FAZ体积增加,AL与上述指标有关联。

关键词: 高度近视, 视网膜毛细血管, 黄斑中心凹无血管区, 眼轴长度, 光学相干断层扫描血管成像

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the changes in retinal structure and microcirculation in the patients with high myopia (HM) and the non-HM individuals, and to elucidate the correlations between axial length (AL) and the related parameters. Methods A total of 80 eyes from 40 patients with simple HM (non-pathological myopia) were enrolled as case group, while 80 eyes from 40 age- and sex-matched non-HM subjects were selected as control group. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),AL,spherical equivalent (SE), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) examination were performed in all the subjects. OCTA examination was used to measure the vascular density of the superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP), deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), as well as central macular thickness (CMT), and the area and volume of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of the subjects in two groups. The differences in these parameters of the subjects between two groups were analyzed. The AL of the subjects in two groups was measured using a biometer, and its correlations with the parameters mentioned above were evaluated. Results No statistically significant differences were observed in age or sex distribution between two groups (P>0.05). Compared with control group, both SCP and DCP vessel densities acrossing the whole (excluding the foveal), parafoveal, and perifoveal regions of the macular retina of the patients in case group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the RPC vessel densities in the optic disc region of the patients in case group were significantly decreased in the whole, peripapillary, peripapillary superior, and peripapillary inferior sectors (P<0.001), while the RPC vessel density was increased inside the disc (P<0.01). Compared with control group, the whole FAZ volume of the patients in case group was increased (P<0.01), while the parafoveal and perifoveal CMT were decreased(P<0.001). In case group, AL was negatively correlated with SCP vessel density (r=-0.642, P<0.001), DCP vessel density (r=-0.388, P<0.001), RPC vessel density (r=-0.639, P<0.001), and CMT (r=-0.495, P<0.001), but positively correlated with FAZ volume (r=0.580, P<0.001); no significant correlation was found between AL and FAZ area (r=-0.062, P=0.587). Conclusion The patients with HM may exhibit early reductions in SCP, DCP, and RPC vessel densities, thinning of the central retina, and increased FAZ volume. Furthermore, as AL increases, SCP, DCP, and RPC vessel densitiesas as well as CMT decreases, while FAZ volume increases, suggesting significant associations between AL and the parameters mentioned above.

Key words: High myopia, Retinal capillary, Foveal avascular zone, Axial length, Optical coherence tomography angiography

中图分类号: 

  • R778.1