Abstract: Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of one patient with pneumocephalus caused by congenital mastoid dysplasia,and to clarify the clinical features,diagnostic methods and treatment strategies of intracranial accumulation of pneumocephalus. Methods: The patient with ineffective right upper limb activity accompanied stupid speech for 12 h was admitted to hospital. After admission, the head CT and MRI examination were performed again,and the patient was diagnosed as pneumocephalus.The paitent scheduled for stoma repair, neurotrophic treatment,infection prevention and other symptomatic treatments were performed after operation;the patient was instructed avoid cough forcefully,blowing nose,defecating and sneezing to increase the intracranial pressure. Results: Due to congenital dysplasia of mastoid wall, local thinning bones and intense swimming choking cough of the patient destroyed the intracranial pressure balance to form pneumocephalus,the patient scheduled for stoma and damaged dura repair;when discharged from hospital, the patient's right upper limb muscle strength and language function returned to normal;the head CT results showed that pneumocephalus disappeared completely. Conclusion: Pneumocephalus is common in clinic,and its reason is diversiform; it should be combined with the patient's history and imaging findings to explore the causes,the most reasonable treatment measures should be performed in order to relieve the patient's symptoms of increased intracranial pressure,and promote the recovery of neural function.

Key words: mastoid, intracranial pressure, dysplasia, pneumocephalus, dural damage repair