Abstract:Objective
To observe the expression and localization of protein kinase Wee1B in mouse one-cell-stage embryos, and to pay foundation for further study on the mechanism of the early development of mouse embryos. Methods One-cell-stage  mouse embryos were collected after superovulation,and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Wee1B were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.The Wee1B activity in mouse embryos was detected by autoradiography and the localization of Wee1B in each cell cycle was observed by indirect immunofluorescence.Results There were no significant differences in the expression levels of Wee1B mRNA between G₁, S, G₂ and M phases (P＞0.05); but there were significant differences in the expression levels of Wee1B protein between S, G2 , M phases and G1 phase (P＜0.01).Compared with G1 phase, the activities of Wee1B in G₂  phase and S phase were increased (P＞0.05， P＜0.01)，but the activity of Wee1B in M  phase was decreased (P＜0.01). Wee1B  distributed in the nucleus at the G₁ and S phases and translocated to the cytoplasm at the G2/M transition in one-cell-stage embryos.Conclusion The protein and activity of Wee1B are dynamically expressed in one-cell-stage embryos and the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of Wee1B may be the mechanism of early development of mouse embryos. 

Abstract:Objective
To investigate  the influence of curcumin in caspase-3,9 and livin expressions in brain tissue of iron load mice ,and to exlore the protection mechanisms of curcumin on iron ion-induced toxic effects of central nervous system.Methods According to the double blind method,CD1 mice were randomly divided  into  control group,FeCl3 group and curcumin intervention group (n=10).The mouse brain tissues in three groups  were conducted with Nissl staining and  immunohistochemical staining, and the expressions of caspase-3,caspase-9 and livin were detected with Western blotting method.Results The Nissl staining results showed that compared with control group,the neurons of the mice in FeCl3 group were lost and existed  nuclear condensation and fragmentation in hippocampus,but they  were weaken after injection with curcumin.Compared with control group,the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein in brain tissue of mice were significantly increased and the expression levels of livin protein was decreased in  FeCl3 group(P<0.05).Compared with FeCl3 group,the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein were reduced and the livin protein expression level was increased in  curcumin group(P<0.05).Conclusion Curcumin can significantly inhibit the neurotoxicity of iron ions,the mechanism may be related to  inhibiting caspase-3 and caspase-9  in the apoptosis pathway and activating  the apoptosis-inhibited  factor  livin expression.

Abstract:Objective
To investigate the time order of lysosomal and mitochondrial cell death  in human HeLa cells after oxidative stress injury and its significance,and to clarify the role of lysosomal membrane permeabilization in the process of mitochondrial apoptosis induced by oxidative stress.Methods The  HeLa cells line was used for the study.Oxidative stress model of cervical cancer HeLa cells was established by vitamin K3 (VK3).The cells were divided into control,V3 1 h,VK3 3 h,VK3 6 h and VK 12 h groups.The vitalities of HeLa cells in various groups were measured by MTT assay.The levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS) were determined by DCFH-DA.The lysosomal membrane permeabilization was observed by AO staining,and the mitochondrail membrane permeabilization in HeLa cells was detected by Rhodamine 123  staining.The expression of apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase-3 was determined by Western blotting method.Results Compared with control group,the survival rates of HeLa cells in VK3 6 h and VK3 12 h groups were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with control group,the cleaved caspase-3 expression  levels  in VK 36 h and VK3  12 h groups were increased detected by Western blotting method(P<0.05).The DCFH-DA results showed  that after VK3 treatment for  1 h,3 h, and 6 h,the levels of green fluoresence  were increased in HeLa cells.The AO staining results showed that  VK3 treatment for 3 and 6 h caused a decline in the red staining of lysosomes and increase in green staining of  cytoplasm.The Rhodamine 123 results revealed that VK3 treatment for 6 h induced a drop in Rhodamine 123 red staining of cytoplasm.Conclusion Oxidative stress damage can induce lysosomal and mitochondrial cell death in HeLa cells,and lysosomal cell death eventuates ahead of mitochondrial,which prompting the lysosomal membrane permeabilization plays an important role in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by oxidative stresss..
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Abstract:Objective
To explore the effect of Schisandra chinensis extract on neurospheres of glioma and to study the possible mechanism of inhibition.Methods Glioma SHG-44 cells were cultured in stem cells media (containing neurobasal media supplemented with B27,EGF and bFGF) and the neuroshperes were used in this experiment after 3 passages.Neurospheres were cultured and divided into control,50,100 and 200 mg•L^-1  Schisandra chinensis extract groups.The influence of Schisandra chinensis extract in proliferation of neuroshperes was measured by MTT assay.The levels of Bcl-2,Bax and caspase-3 proteins were measured by ELISA. Results  Compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of proliferation of neurospheres in 50,100 and 200 mg•L^-1  Schisandra chinensis extract groups were significantly decreased after treated for 24,48 and 72 h (P<0.01). The ELISA results showed that compared with control group,the secretion of Bcl-2 and Bax protein was decreased,especially the levels of Bcl-2 protein in 100 and 200 mg•L^-1  Schisandra chinensis extract groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with control group,the ratios of Bax/Bcl-2 in 50,100 and 200 mg•L^-1  Schisandra chinensis extract groups were increased (P<0.01).Compared with respective control group,the expression of caspase-3 protein in 50 mg•L^-1  group was significantly increased (P<0.01).Conclusion Schisandra chinensis extracts might up-regulate the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and promote the secretion of apoptosis factors to induce the apoptosis and inhibit the growth of glioma neuroshperes.

To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO） on brain tissue of rats suffered transient middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） and  the Mcl-1 expression in brain cortex,and to demonstrate its mechanism. Methods 20 healthy male Wistar rats were chosen and separated randomly to  sham group(n=6),MCAO group(n=7) and  HBO group(n=7).The MCAO models were established by nylon strand method.In sham group,the blood vessels were dissected and the strand was not inserted to middle artery；the rats in MCAO group were reperfused after 90 min ischemia,and the rats in HBO group were given pure oxygen at 3.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 60 min after 3 h  reperfusion.24 h after reperfusion,all the rats were killed.The infarct area of coronal brain section was calculated with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining;the expressions of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in cortex of penumbra were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively.Results  Compared with MCAO group,the infarct area  ratio of the rats in HBO group was increased obviously （P<0.01）.Compared with sham group, the Mcl-1 mRNA level in brain tissue of the rats in MCAO group was up-regulated notably（P<0.01）.Compared with MCAO group,the Mcl-1 mRNA level in brain tissue of the rats  in HBO group was raised significantly（P<0.01）. Compared with sham group,the Mcl-1 protein contents in brain tissue of the rats in MCAO and HBO groups were  decreased significantly （P<0.01）;but there were no statistically significant differences（P>0.05）.Compared with MCAO group,the Bax
/Mcl-1 levels in HBO group were increased significantly （P<0.01）.Conclusion
HBO may promote the damage of MCAO rats through increasing the degradation of Mcl-1.

Abstract:Objective
To discuss the expressions  of the senile mice with cervical vertebral instability on Bcl-2 and Bax which related to neural apoptosis in hippocampal neurons,and to clarify the mechanism  of reducing of learning and memory abilities induced by cervical vertebral instability in the senile mice .Methods 20 ICR mice were selected and randomly  divided into two groups.The cervical vertebral instability model was established by lactic acid accumulation for long time;the changes of learning and memory abilities of the mice were observed with Watermaze test; the changes of morphology in hippocampal neurons were observed by HE straining;the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was observed by Tunel staining.The expression levels of mRNA and protein of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining .Results Compared with control group,the escape latency and wrong times of Watermaze test in  model group were increased(P<0.01) .The neuron in hippocampus in model group was found scatteredly and the  dead cells were increased obviously observed with HE staining compared with control group.The Tunel staining results showed that there were more buffy cells in model group(29.63%±1.63%) than control group（7.52%±0.99%）（P<0.01）.The expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and the Bax was increased in the brain tissue in model group compared with control group detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion The cervical vertebral instability could lead to Bcl-2 decreasing and Bax increasing,and it might be one of the main mechanisms to promote the apoptosis. 

Abstract:Objective
To make complex biomembrane with collagen (Co),polylactic acid / polyglycolic acid copolymer (PLGA),periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and autologous platelet gel (APG) and to evaluate the repair effects on  periodontal tissue defect of the rats,and to provide theoretical basis for their clinical application.Methods Synthetic PLGA,human PDLCs and PLGA were co-cultured in vitro for 3 d,10 mL whole blood of the rats was extracted to make platelet-rich plasma (PRP),and the growth factor levels in activated PRP andhole blood were detected.10%CaCl2 including 1 000 U•mL^-1 bovine thrombin was added to make APG.60 Wistar adult male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups,and the mandible alveolar bone defect models were established (5 mm×2 mm，root cementums were struck off),the 5 groups were separately named control group,PLGA+Co group,PLGA+APG+Co group,PLGA+PDLCs+Co group,and PLGA+PDLCs+APG+Co group   for the stuff placed into mandible alveolar bones’ defects.Then 4 rats in each group were exeacted at  the 2nd week,the 4th week and the 6th week after operation,and HE staining was used to observe the quantity of new born bones.Image-Pro Plus was used to obtain the areas of new bones,and SPSS 13.0 was used for  statistics analysis.Results The average pore size of PLGA was (131.80±43.97)  μm and the porosity was 60%.PDLCs stretched well on PLGA.The number of platelets in PRP were 4 times higher than those in whole blood and the growth factor levels in supernatant were higher than those in blood plasma.The quantity of new bones at the 6th week after operation in PLGA+PDLCs+APG+Co group was  more than those in PLGA+Co group,PLGA+APG+Co group and PLGA+PDLCs+Co group(P<0.05);the quantities of new bones in PLGA+APG+Co group and PLGA+PDLCs+Co group were more than that in  PLGA+Co group;the quantities of new bones in PLGA+Co group,PLGA+APG+Co group,PLGA+PDLCs+Co group and PLGA+PDLCs+APG+Co group were more than that in control group(P<0.05),
but there was no significant difference between PLGA+APG+Co group and  PLGA+PDLCs+Co group(P>0.05).Conclusion The pure size PLGA has excellent biocompatibility,suitable high porosity and good mechanical properties.PLGA+PDLCs+APG+Co complex biomembrane plays significant role in promoting periodontal tissue growth.
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Abstract:Objective
To study the effects of Yunnan Baiyao and iodoform for rat cleft palate operation,and to find  more suitable drug for the cleft palate operation.Methods 90 SD rats were randomly divided into  control group,drug iodoform group,and Yunnan Baiyao group;there were 30 rats in each group.Through the method of operation,the rat  cleft palate defects models were set up.According to the grouping,the 4 mg Yunnan Baiyao or 4 mg iodoform werer put into the defects,and nothing in  control group.The body temperature of the  rats was detected with anal temperature measurement.Bone density meter was used to detect   the  palate operation area bone density.HE staining and modified Gomori staining were used to observe new bone formation.The contents of bFGF and BMP2 were determined by immunohistochemical method.Results The body temperature of the rats in iodoform group was higher than those in the  other two groups 1 week after operation (P<0.05).The X-ray detection results showed that  the bone density in  Yunnan Baiyao group was higher than those in the other two groups 2 and 3 weeks after operation(P<0.05).The fibroblast  division,proliferation and new bone formation were enhaced in  Yunnan Baiyao group by HE and modified Gomori special staining.The contents of  bFGF and BMP2 in  Yunnan Baiyao group were higher than those in the other two groups 2 and 3 weeks after operation(P<0.05).Conclusion Yunnan Baiyao has no irritation to temperature,and it can not only promote the cleft palate soft tissue healing,but also reduce palatal fistula complications,and it can promote the bony repair of cleft palate.

Abstract:Objective
To investigate the effects of the C-terminal and N-terminal deletions of FtsZ in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) on the GTPase activity and to clarify the domain of PgFtsZ GTPase,and to provide experimental basis for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease.Methods Plasmids pEZ1 (Wt PgFtsZ,including Wt PgFtsZ gene),pYW1(ZΔC01,missing 73 residues from C-terminus of PgFtsZ),pYW2(ZΔC02,missing 128 residues from C-terminus of PgFtsZ),pYWN1(ZΔN01,missing 43 residues from N-terminus of PgFtsZ),and pYWN2(ZΔN02,missing 205 residues from N-terminus of PgFtsZ) were respectively introduced into E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS to express，seperate and purify WtPgFtsZ,ZΔC01,ZΔC02,ZΔN01 and ZΔN02.pET3a vector alone was introduced into E.coli BL21(DE3)pLysS as negative control.Malachite green assay was used to measure the GTPase activities of Wt PgFtsZ,ZΔC01,ZΔC02,ZΔN01 and ZΔN02.The assemblies of the proteins were detected by sedimentation in vitro.The morphologies of E.coli that overexpressed Wt PgFtsZ and mutants proteins were observed under light microscope.Results The GTPase activity of ZΔN01 was similar to the GTPase activity of Wt PgFtsZ.However,the GTPase activities of ZΔC01,ZΔC02,and ZΔN02 were lower than that of the Wt PgFtsZ (P<0.05).10 mmol•L^-1 CaCl2 reduced the GTPase activities of Wt PgFtsZ and PgFtsZ mutants (P<0.05).In addition to ZΔN02,10 mmol?L-1 CaCl2 induced the polymerizations of Wt PgFtsZ,PgFtsZ mutants.When wild-type PgFtsZ,ZΔC01 and ZΔC02 overexpressed in E.coli,respectively,and the E.coli cells became long filamentous compared with the E.coli cells containing pET3a vector.However,ZΔN01 and ZΔN02 overexpressed in E.coli,respectively,and the E.coli morphology had similar to that of E.coli cells containing pET3a vector.Conclusion Missing 162 residues from the N-terminus of PgFtsZ between ZΔN01 and ZΔN02 and missing 128 residues from the C-terminus of PgFtsZ has relationship with the  GTPase activity of PgFtsZ.Ca2+ cation can inhibit GTPase activity of PgFtsZ and promote its polymerization in vitro.
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Abstract:Objective
To explore the influence of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in apoptosis of the hepatocarcioma cells(HCC),and to provide basis for gene therapy for liver cancer.Methods BEL-7402 cells at inlogarithm growth phase were selected and randomly divided into control group,scramble-siRNA group,STAT3-siRNA group,scramble-siRNA +rapamycin(Rapa) group,Rapa group and STAT3-siRNA+Rapa group.The plasmids pGCsi.U6/neoRFP-STAT3 designed for expression of STAT3 siRNA was transfected into BEL-7402 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The cells with or without transfection siRNA were treated in wells in the absence or presence of rapamycin.The apoptotic rate was detected  by flow cytometry (FCM) and AnnexinV/PI apoptosis detection kit staining.The morphological changes of the cells were assessed by Hoechst33258 immunofluorescence staining.Simultaneously,the mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm) was visualized by the JC-1 fluorescence staining and inverted fluorescence microscope.Further more,the expression level of active caspase-3 protein was analyzed by Western blotting method.Results The apoptotic rate of BEL-7402 cells in STAT3-siRNA+Rapa group (60.22%±0.87 %) was higher than those in other groups (P<0.05);and the ΔΨm was significantly decreased (27.28%±1.82%,P<0.05).The Hoechst33258 fluoresence staining results showed that the characteristic changes of chromatin condensation and nuclear  fragmentation were observed in STAT3-siRNA + Rapa group.The Western blotting results showed that the protein expression level of active caspase-3 in STAT3-siRNA + Rapa group was significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05).Conclusion Combined treatment of rapamycin and STAT3 gene silencing can significantly promote the apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells and they display synergistic effects.

Abstract:Objective
To observe the effect of 20(s)-protopanaxadiol (PPD) on the cell cycle of Siha cells in vitro and to detect the transcription and expressions of p53,p21 and cyclin-E，and to clarify the mechanism of its inhibitory effect on proliferation of Siha cells.Methods The Siha cells cultivated in vitro were treated with alcohol (negative control group) and 20  μg•L^-1 PPD (PPD group), respectively. The cell cycle was detected by FCM 48 h after treatment.The mRNA  and protein expressions of p53,p21 and cyclin-E in Siha cells were analyzed by Real time PCR and Western blotting.Results Compared with negative control group,after treated with 20  μg?L-1 PPD for 48 h,the ratio of Siha cells at G ^₀/G1 phase was increased (P<0.01),the blockage of G1 phase was obviously enhanced;the transcription and protein expressions of p53 and p21 were up-regulated (P<0.01);while the transcription and expression  of cyclin-E were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion PPD may inhibit the proliferation of Siha cells,and its mechanism may be related to up-regulating the expressions of p53 and p21 and down-regulating  the expression of cyclin-E.

Abstract:Objective
To investigate the effect of simvastatin on replicative senescence of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and to clarify the anti-senescence mechanism of simvastatin.Methods The second generation of EPCs were used as normal control group,and the eighth generation cells were divided into high dose simvastatin group,low dose simvastatin group,and replicative senescence group.The cell cycle and apoptosis,the expression of Bcl-2 protein were detected by flow  cytometry  after the next 7 d culturing.Results The early  and late apoptotic rates of the EPCs in normal control group were lower than those in the other three groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01);there was no statistical difference in the early apoptotic rates between high dose simvastatin group,low dose simvastatin group and replicative senescence(P>0.05).The differences of late apoptotic rate between replicative senescence group,high dose simvastatin group and low dose simvastatin group were statistically significant (P<0.05 or P<0.01).The percentages of EPCs in high dose simvastatin group,low dose simvastatin group and replicative senescence group were increased in the G0/G1 phase,but were  decreased in the phases of S and G2/M compared with  normal control group (P<0.01),but there was no difference between simvastatin groups and replicative senescence group(P>0.05).Compared with normal control group,the mean fluorescence intensities and the positive expression rates of Bcl-2 protein in high dose simvastatin group,low dose simvastatin group and replicative senescence group were significantly decreased(P<0.01);and the differences between high dose simvastatin group and replicative senescence group were also statistically significant(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the positive expression rate of Bcl-2 protein in low dose simvastatin group was higher than that in replicative senescence group (P<0. 01),but the difference of the mean fluorescence intensity between two groups had no statistical significance（P>0.05).Conclusion Simvastatin can reduce the replicative senescence of EPCs,and the mechanism may be related to decreasing the expression of Bcl-2 protein.
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Abstract:Objective  To investigate the expression of nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) in kidney tissue of mice with acute renal failure induced by aristolochic acid-1 (AA) and its significance,and to clarify the role of NLRP3 in the development of AA-induced nephropathy.Methods Male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group and AA group.The mice in AA group received AA by gavage at doses of 50,100 and 200 mg?kg-1 daily and lasted for 3 d.There were 16 mice in  each group.4 and 8 d after administration,8 mice of each group were killed respectively and urinary and serum were collected to detect 24 h urinary protein,serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels.The IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum were measured by ELISA kits.Moreover,real-time PCR was used to examine the mRNA expression of NLRP3 in kidney tissue.Results Compared with control group,the  24 h urinary protein,serum creatinine and serum BUN of the mice in AA  group were significantly decreased 4 and 8 d after administration (P<0.05),and the mice in 200 mg?kg-1 AA group were death at day 7. Compared with control group,the IL-1β and IL-18 levels in serum of the mice in AA group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of NLRP3 in kidney tissue was also up-regulated (P<0.05).Moreover,the expression level of NLRP3 in 200  mg/kg AA group was significantly higher than that in 50 mg/kg AA group (P<0.05).Conclusion The up-regulation of NLRP3 in kidney tissue of the mice may participate in the pathological process of actue renal failure induced by AA.

Abstract:Objective To explore the effects of atorvastatin(AT) on myocardial enzymes and apoptosis of myocardial cells in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury and to clarify the mechanism of protective effect of AT on I/R rat myocardium tissue.Methods 80 healthy male Wistar rats,3 months old,were randomly divided into  sham operation(S) group,ischemia reperfusion(I/R) group,large dose AT group (LAT group,10 mg/kg) and small dose AT group (SAT group,1 mg/kg)(n=20).I/R model was prepared by ligating the coronary artery of the left anterior descending artery(LAD).The biochemical methods were used to detect the contents of serum creatine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA),nitric oxide(NO),superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) and glutathione(GSH) in myocardium tissue;the immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expressions of Fas,Bax and Bcl-2 proteins in myocardium tissue.Results Compared with S group,the  myocardial CK,LDH,MAD activities of the rats in I/R group were increased(P<0.01), and the NO,SOD,GSH-Px,GSH activities were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with I/R group,the CK activities,LDH activities and serum MDA activities  in LAT and SAT groups were reduced (P<0.01);and the levels of serum NO,serum SOD activities,GSH-Px activities and GSH contents were increased(P<0.01),but there was no significant difference between LAT group and SAT group (P>0.05).Compared with S group, the Fas and of Bax expressions in myocardium tissue in I/R group,LAT group and SAT group were significantly increased (P<0.01).Compared with  I/R group,the Fas  protein expression in rat myocardium tissue in LAT and SAT groups were significantly reduced(P<0.01);but the expression of Bax  protein had no significant difference between LAT group,SAT group and I/R group (P>0.05).Compared with S group,the Bcl-2  protein expressions in I/R group,LAT group,and SAT group were increased,and there was significant difference between LAT group and S group (P<0.01),while the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05) among the other groups.Conclusion AT has protective effect on myocardium tissue of the rats with myocardial  I/R injury,and its mechanism may be related to reducing the changes of myocardia enzymes and inhibiting the protein expression of Fas  and promoting the expression of Bcl-2  protein.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the potential anti-atherosclerosis (AS) mechanism of lovastatin by  observing the influence of lovastatin on the  expressions of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Methods The HUVECs were routinely cultured in the medium RPMI 1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in vitro and divided into 3 groups: control group,TNF-α  treated group (RPMI 1640 medium +TNF-α (20 μg/L),and lovastatin treated group (RPMI 1640 medium + 20 μg/L TNF-α+ 10 μmol/L Lovastatin);Application kit to detect ROS content; Real-time RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expressions of MCP-1 and IL-10 in HUVECs in each group;Western blotting method was used to analyze the protein expressions of MCP-1,NFκB and IL-10 in HUVECs in each group.Results Compared with the control group, the expressions of  ROS in TNF-α treated group were enhanced obviously(P<0.05).Compared with TNF-α treated group, the ROS expressions in the lovastatin treated group were decreased significantly(P<0.05).Compared  with  control group,the mRNA and protein expression levels  of MCP-1 and NFκB in TNF-α treated group were enhanced obviously (P<0.05),and the mRNA and protein expression levels  of IL-10 were decreased statistically (P<0.05).Compared with TNF-α treated group,the mRNA and protein expression levels  of MCP-1 and NFκB  in  lovastatin treated group were decreased significantly(P<0.05),but the expression level of IL-10 was increased statistically (P<0.05).Conclusion Lovastatin can inhibit the up-regulation of MCP-1 and NFκB and increase the expression of IL-10 in the HUVECs treated with TNF-α.Lavastatin may inhibit inflammation and prevent artherosclerosis through NF-κB pathway.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the distribution and genotypes of 16S rRNA methylase genes in gram-negative bacilli isolated from hospitals in Changchun area and to provide a reasonable basis for the application of aminoglycosides. Methods  Amikacin-resistant and gentamicin-resistant strains were screened using agar dilution tests,and 16S rRNA methylase genes in gram-negative bacilli isolates were amplified by PCR and genotypes of 16S rRNA methylases (armA,rmtB,rmtA,rmtC,rmtD and npmA) were analyzed using gene sequencing.Results The resistant rates of 116 clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli to amikacin and gentamicin were 42.2% and 75.0%,respectively. Fifty of 116 isolates were positive for 16S rRNA methylase genes（43.1%，50/116). The common genotypes of 16S rRNA methylase were armA and rmtB (12.1% and 31.0%);however,the rmtA,rmtC,rmtD and npmA genes were not found.Conclusion The genotypes of 16S rRNA methylase in gram-negative bacilli in Changchun area are armA and rmtB which  is one of the reasons to induce high resistance to aminoglycosides.

Abstract:Objective To explore the application value of  portable Raman spectroscopy  in fresh breast lesions and normal breast tissues, and to clarify the application value of  principal component analysis (PCA) method in Raman spectrascopy detetion results, construction of  the mathematical model  and differential diagnosis.Methods The fresh tissues of 168 patients (all female,aged 22-75 years) were obtained by routine surgical resection from Department of Breast Surgery,the First Hospital of Jilin University.51 normal tissues,66 benign and 51 malignant breast lesions were detected by Raman spectroscopy.The PCA algorithm was used to process the data and build the mathematical model.Mahalanobis distance and spectral residuals were used as discriminating criteria for evaluating this method.Results 1 800 Raman spectra were acquired from fresh samples of human breast tissues.Based on spectral profiles,the presence of 1 078,1 267,1 301,1 440,1 654,and 1 746 cm-1 were indicated in normal tissues.And 1 281,1 341,1 381,1 417,1 465,1 530,and 1 637 cm-1 were found in benign and malignant tissues.The main differences of benign and malignant were the characteristic peaks of 1 340 and 1 480 cm-1.The accuracies of PCA were 80%,56%,and 85% in discriminating normal,benign and malignant tissues.Conclusion Portable Raman spectra can detect the breast tissues and lesions.The Raman spectra of normal,benign and malignant breast tissues have significant differences.PCA method can be used to build identification model,but there is still insufficient in distinguishing benign lesion tissues.

Abstract:Objective To investigate the expressions of HMGA2 and E-cadherin in bladder transitional cell carcinoma(BTCC) tissue and their relationship with clinical stage，pathological grade and prognosis.Methods The expressions of HMGA2 and E-cadherin in 49 cases of  BTCC （including 41 cases of non-muscle　invasive bladder cancer,8 cases of muscle invasive bladder cancer;24 cases of low grade bladder cancer,25 cases of high  grade bladder cancer）and 5 specimens of normal bladder tissues were detected by  immunohistochemtry，and their correlations to the clinicopathologic features were analyzed．Results The HMGA2 expression was negative,but the E-cadherin expression was positive in 5 cases of  normal bladder tissue.The positive expression rate of HMGA2 and negative expression rate of E-cadherin in bladder cancer tissue was 41% and 43%,respectively；the positive expression rate of HMGA2 and negative expression rate of E-cadherin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer and muscle invasive bladder cancer were 34%，75% and 37%,75%,respectively;the positive expression rate of HMGA2 in muscle invasive bladder cancer was apparently higher than that in  non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(P<0.05)；the negative expression rate of E-cadherin in muscle invasive bladder cancer was  apparently higher than that in  non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of HMGA2 and negative expression rate of E-cadherin in low grade and high grade of BTCC were 25%，56% and 25%，60%， respectively;the positive expression rate of HMGA2 in high grade of BTCC was apparently higher than that in  low grade(P<0.05)；the negative expression rate of E-cadherin in high grade of BTCC was apparently higher than that in  low grade of BTCC(P<0.05).The correlation between HMGA2 and E-cadherin was statistically significant (P<0.05).42 patients were followed up for 18-40 months,among which,18 reccured.The positive expression rate of HMGA2 and negative expression rate of E-cadherin in recurrence and non-recurrence groups were 56%，25% and 67%，33%,respectively;the positive expression rate of HMGA2 in recurrence group was apparently higher than that in  non-recurrence group(P<0.05)；the negative expression rate of E-cadherin in recurrence group was apparently higher than that in non-recurrence group(P<0.05).Conclusion The abnormal expressions of HMGA2 and E-cadherin are related to the malignant tendency of BTCC,and they may be used as markers to predict clinical stage，pathological grade and prognosis of BTCC.

Abstract:Objective To detect the expression levels of glycated albumin (GA),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),blood fat and homocysteine (Hcy) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or diabetic nephropathy(DN),and to analyze the correlation between those metabolic markers and albumin creatinine ratio (ACR),and to investigate the significance of combined detection of these markers in early diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of diabetes mellitus and DN.Methods 178 patients including 70 patients with simple diabetes and 108 patients with DN were collected as case group.The patients were divided into simple diabetes group (normal urine group),incipient DN group (microal buminuria group) and clinical DN group (albuminuria group).Another 100 healthy  population were  collected as control group.The age,sex and the values of body height,body weight,blood pressure,triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (TC),lipoprotein a (Lpa),Hcy,HbA1c,GA,microalbuminuria(mALB),urine creatinine(CRE) and ACR of each patient were recorded;and the correlations between the values of patients in each group and their pathogenetic conditions were analyzed.Results Compared with  control group, the levels of GA,HbA1c,TG,TC,LPa,and Hcy of the patients in case group were increased significantly;among three case groups,the variations of GA,HbA1c,TG, LPa and Hcy values had statistically significant differences with the increase of ACR (P<0.05);but the  TC levels  had no statistically significant differences between various groups(P>0.05).The variations of GA,HbA1c,TG,LPa and Hcy in case group were correlated with their ACR (GA: r=0.89,HbA1c: r=0.91,TG: r=0.62,Lpa: r=0.78,Hcy: r=0.72,P<0.05);but the variations of TG,LPa and Hcy in case group had no correlation with their HbA1c and GA (TG:r=0.31,r=0.41,P>0.05;Lpa: r=0.27,r=0.42,P>0.05;Hcy: r=0.24,r=0.33,P>0.05).Conclusion GA and its related markers exist abnormal expressions in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or DN,and they are closely related to the course of the disease.Combined detection of GA and diabetes related markers has certain clinical significance for early diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of diabetes and its complications.

Abstract:Objective
To detect the expressions of T-bet,GATA3 and Foxp3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB) infection,and to  investigate  the influence in the development of chronic HBV infection.Methods Eighty-six in-patients were selected.According to the diagnostic criteria of CHB  prevention guidelines,they were divided into four groups：33 moderate CHB patients,21 serious CHB patients,16 severe hepatitis patients and 16 cirrhosis patients.10 healthy volunteers were used as controls.RT-PCR method was used to detect the expressions of T-bet,GATA3 and Foxp3 mRNA in PBMCs in patients with CHB.Results The expression levels  of T-bet in moderate CHB group,serious CHB group,severe hepatitis group,cirrhosis group and control group  were  0.597±0.094,0.724±0.071,0.860±0.060,0.528±0.059,and 0.514±0.071,respectively.The  T-bet levels of the patients in serious CHB and severe hepatitis  groups were higher than that in control group(P<0.05);the T-bet level of the patients in moderate CHB group was lower than that in serious CHB group(P<0.05).The expression of  T-bet in serious CHB patients  was lower than that in severe hepatitis group(P<0.05).The levels of GATA3 of the patients in moderate CHB group,serious CHB group,severe hepatitis group,cirrhosis group and control group were 0.966±0.037,0.973±0.021,0.725±0.028,0.759±0.037,and 0.535±0.028,respectively.The levels of GATA3 in patients groups  were  greatly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The GATA3 expression levels in severe hepatitis group was significantly lower than those in moderate and serious CHB groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of Foxp3 in moderate CHB group,serious CHB group,severe hepatitis group,cirrhosis group and control group were 0.935±0.034,0.919±0.047,0.804±0.021,0.984±0.060,and 0.772±0.083,respectively.The Foxp3 expression level of the patients  in severe group was lower than those in the  other   patients groups(P<0.05).The T-bet/GATA3 ratios in moderate CHB group,serious CHB group,severe hepatitis group,cirrhosis group and control group were 0.618±0.100,0.744±0.072,1.187±0.082,0.697±0.078, and 0.963±0.133, respectively.The T-bet/GATA3 ratio of the patients  in severe hepatitis group was markedly higher than those in the other   patient groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The expressions of T-bet and GATA3 are contrary during the different courses of disease.The ratio of T-bet/GATA3 is negatively correlated with the expression of Foxp3 in the patients with chronic HBV infection.

Abstract:Objective To detect the expression of CK20 gene mRNA in peripheral blood cells of the patients with endometrial cancer,and to explore its diagnostic value of the CK20 gene expression in  endometrial cancer micrometastasis.Methods The expressions of CK20 gene mRNA in peripheral blood cells in 44 patients with  endometrial cancer,34 patients with uterine benign diseases and 32 healthy volunteers were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).The relationship between its expression and the pathological parameters of the patients with endometrial cancer  was analyzed.Results The positive expression rate of CK20 mRNA in peripheral blood cells in 44 patients with  endometrial cancer was 27.3%（12/44）; there was no expression  of CK20 mRNA in the uterine benign diseases patients and healthy women；the positive expression rate of CK20 mRNA in the patients with  endometrial cancer was higher than those in the patients with uterine benign diseases  and healthy women（χ2=20.204，P<0.05）.The expression level of CK20 mRNA had positive correlation with clinical stage（χ²=16.712，P<0.05）,lymph node metastasis（χ2=6.381，P<0.05） and depth of invasion（χ²=6.381，P<0.05）; but had nothing to do with the pathological grade（χ²=0.229，P<0.05） or whether menopause （χ²=0.004，P>0.05）.Conclusion The   positive expression rate of CK20 mRNA is increased significantly in endometrial cancer patients compared with benign uterine disease patients and healthy female volunteers,and it is related to the clinical stage,lymph node metastasis and depth of invasion  of  endometrial  cancer；the specificity of CK20 could be used as blood-borne micrometastases reference of endometrial cancer.

Abstract:Objective To evaluate the depressed mood status of college students from 2002 to 2011 in China,and to provide evidence for launching psychological health education.Methods PubMed,VIP database,the CNKI database were searched to find the published literatures about the detection rate of depressed mood among college students from January 2002 and December 2011.According to exclusion criteria the studies were screened,and the qualities of included studies were evaluated and MetaAnalyst software was used for Meta-analysis.Results Total 1 421 literatures were included.Wangfang Database account for 258 literatures,VIP 659 literatures,CNKI 413 literatures,PubMed 91 literatures;after screening a total of 1 089 literatures were excluded,after further study on the full text of literature,eventually 26 literatures were included,a total of 28　218 people,8 167 cases detected with depressed mood.The Meta-analysis results showed that the total depressed mood detection rate was 29.3%. The depressed mood detection rates of boys and girls among college students were 27.4% and 21.6%,respectively,and they were 37.6% and 24.5% in the Midwest and eastern area, respectively.Conclusion Depressed mood of male college students in China is more obvious than girls,and it is more obvious in Midwest area.

Abstract:Objective To analyze the effectiveness and safety of escitalopram and venlafaxine in treatment of depression with Meta-analysis and to provide reference for their application in clinic.Methods Computer　search was performed using the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial(Issue 3,2012)，Embase(1966 to 2012.09),PubMed(1948 to 2012.09),Ovid-medline(1966 to 2012.09),VIP（1989 to 2012.09），CNKI(1979 to 2012.09 and WanFang(1981-2012.09),and the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were collected,then the retrieved studies according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened,and the quality of included studies was evaluated and RevMan 5.2.1 software was used for Meta-analysis.Results A total of 128 articles were found and 15 of which were finally included.There was no significant difference of effectiveness between escitalopram and wenlafaxine in treatment of depression,χ2=2.56，df=14，P=1.00，Z=1.38(P＝0.17）；95%CI (0.90，1.83). The incidence of adverse reaction of escitalopram in treatment of depression was lower than that of venlafaxine,χ2=28.19，df=14，P=0.01，Z=3.16(P=0.002）；95%CI (0.50,0.85).Conclusion Escitalopram has the similar effectiveness with venlafaxine in treatment of depression,but its incidence of adverse reaction is lower than estazolam.

Objective To measure the depth of the facial soft tissue of youths in Cha
ngchun in China,and to provide the data for the craniofacial remodeling in
forensic medicine. Methods The facial tissue depth was measured by ultrasound on a
sample of 113 Changchun Area youths in China. All youths were divided into different groups according different BMI and genders.

The 19 points at the left face were used to acquire the data. The ultrasound’s frequency was 11.4 MHz and the touching area was 8.5 mm×45.5 mm.The facial soft tissue depth differences were analyzed between different groups. Results Regardless of gender,the facial soft tissue of
cheek region,especially in supra-M2 and Infra-M2,was the thinnest compared with the  other regions for the youths in Changchun area. The results of t-test,A
NOVA and Pearson’s correlation test indicated that the tissue depth at 11 points of females and 14 points of males were related to BMI significantly.The 12 points varied significantly between the gender,and the Rhinion,Alare curvature,and Mid-philtrum three 
points were not related to BMI（r=－0.152，r=0.195，r=0.157）.The facial tissue depth of the females was thick
er than that of the males.Conclusion The depth of the facial soft tissue of youths in Changchun in China is affected
by BMI,gerder,and so on.The measurement can provide the data for facial reconstruction and the points not related to BMI may be the original points of craniofac
ial reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the incidence of postoperative cognitive d
ysfunction(POCD) using etomidate and to clarify the influence of etomidate in the
  incidence of POCD  and stress response in elderly orthopedic patients underwent  total in
travenous anesthesia. Methods 91 patients(ASA-Ⅲ) aged more than 60 years under
went elective orthopedic surgery were randomly divided into etomidate induction/m
aintainence group (EE, n=31), etomidate induction group (EP, n=30) and propofol
control group (PP, n=30).The patients in each group were administered with an intravenous injection of midazolam

0.03 mg/kg^-1, fentanyl 3-5 μg /kg^-1, cisatracurium 1.5 mg/kg^-1 in turn; the patients in EE group and EP group were adm
inister
ed with  an intravenous injection of etomidate at a dosage of 0.2-0.3 mg/kg^-1
 and the patients in PP group were administered with an intravenous injection of propofol at
 a dosage of 1.5-2.5 mg?kg-1. The patients in EE group were given a continuous
 intravenous infusion of etomidate at 0.6-1.2 mg/kg^-1/h^-1
 while the patients in EP group and PP group were infused with propofol at 4-8 mg/kg^-1/h^-1. The venous
 blood samples were drawn at the time of before anesthesia, after extubation and 24 h after operation,respectively; the level of serum cortisol was detected usi
ng radioimmunoassay (RIA).The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) was applied to evaluate POCD at 1 and 7 d after operation.
Results At 1 and 7 d after operation the incidence of POCD were 26.7% and 13.3% in PP group; 30.0% and 10.0% in EP group; 25.5% and 12.9% in EE group.

The incidence of POCD among the three groups at 1, 7 d after operation had no significant differences (P>0.05). The serum cortisol levels had no significant difference among various groups before operation (P>0.05). Compared with before anesthesia, the levels of serum cortisol after extubation were decreased significantly in all groups (P＜0.05). The level of serum cortisol after extubation was decreased significantly in EE group (P＜0.05), and the levels of serum cortisol at 24 h after operation went back to normal level in three groups. Conclusion Both etomidate and propofol can reduce stress response of elderly orthopedic patients underwent  total introvenous anesthesia in operation, and the effect is significant in EP group; there is no difference between etomidate and propofol in POCD
 in elderly orthopedic patients underwent total introvenous anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the microsurgical techniques of the excision
 of the intradural extramedullary tumors through hemilaminectomy and to illustra
te its clinical effect. Methods The clinical data of 16 patients （7 men，9 women） with intradural extramedullary tumors treated in our hospital from January
2009 to December 2011 was retrospectively analyzed.The average age was 49 years，ranging from 34-72 years.The intradural

extramedullary tumors located at the cervical level in 3 patients,thoracic in 4 patients,thoracico-lumbar in 9 patients.14 patients underwent hemilaminectomy while 2 patients were treated with laminectomy during operation.The clinical effect of hemilaminectomy was evaluated based on Frankel grade.Results
The mean bleeding volume was 300 mL (150-500 mL) and the mean duration of operation was 140 min (90-200 min).

The maximum volume of the tumor was 4.0 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm，while the minimum one was 1.5 cm
 × 1.0 cm × 1.0 cm.There were neurinoma in 11 patients，meningioma in 4 cases
 and neurofibroma in 1 case.3 cases ameliorated from Frankel grade B to C;5 case
s of Frankel grade C recovered to grade D;7 cases of Frankel grade D was improved to grade E．All the patients were followed up from 6 to 40 months with an aver
age of 23.7 months.None of the patients showed tumor recurrence and spinal instability.
Conclusion The mean bleeding volumes of the patients underwent hemilaminectomy and laminectomy are 275  and 475 mL,respectively.The advantages of th
e approach are minor invasion，less bleeding，and  retaining  the spinal
 stability.The outcome of the excision of the intradural extramedullary tumors
through hemilaminectomy is satisfactory in general．

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of tolvaptan in  treatment of hyponatremia in patients with chronic heart failure(CHF) and to evaluate
its efficacy and safety.Methods 16 patients with CHF and hyponatremia were ran
domly divided into therapy group（conventional treatment + tolvaptan，8 cases) and control group(conventional treatment,8 cases).All the patients were evaluated
 by observing the serum sodium,serum sodium,urine volume and body weight 8 and
 24 h after treatment with double-blind control method,and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ) was performed  8 d after treatment,and the adverse reactions were observed.Results The levels of serum sodium of the patients in therapy group 8 and 24 h after treatment were
 significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01).The urine volume of the patients in therapy group 24 h after treatment was increased compared with
 
before treatment (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between therapy group and control group(P>0.05).The MLHFQ of the patients in two groups 8 d after treatment were significantly improved compared with before treatment(P<0.01),the improvement in therapy group was more significant  compared with control group(P<0.05).There were no adverse events,and only 1 case of dry mouth was found in therapy
 group.Conclusion The efficacy of tolvaptan in treatment of the patients with CHF and hyponatremia is better,and it can improve their qualities of life with
good safety and tolerability.

Objective To discuss the feasibility  of magnetic resonance imaging
 in measurement of hippocampal formation volume in  fixed brain  area,and to provide relevant data for research on  neurodegenerative diseases.   Methods
68 cases of adult volunteers from China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University were selected (33 males and 35 females). The brains of subjects were scaned using  3D-fSPGR sequence. 10 sagittal images were aquired equally in the area between the bilateral lateral margin of the fourt
h ventricle   and corresponding lateral border of vitreous body. After the outlines of the hippocampal formation were drawed,the volumes of hippocampus were calc
ulated by multiplying by the thickness between two slides and then corrected by cranial cavity volume. The correlations including hippocampal formation

volume and cavity volume,hippocampal formation volume and ages or gender were studied. The data were analyzed by using  SPSS 17.0 software. 
Results  No significant differences were found between the volumes of hippocampal formation and ages (P>0.05) or genders (P>0.05). Significant differences were found between the right and lefe hippocampal formation(before correction: t=2.091,P<0.05;after correction: t=2.032，P<0.05). Significant difference in the volume of hippocampal formation between before and after correction only existed in female group(left：t=－2.092，P<0.05；right：t=－2.100，P<0.05). According to our
 data,the average volumes of left and right hippocampal formations in adults were (2 649.92－2　903.17)　mm3 and (　2579.42－2　803.27)　mm3，respectively. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging  measurement of hoppocampal formation by ten equal sagittal planes,from the lateral border the of fourth ventricle and the lateral border of vitreous body,could standardize the measurement of hippocampus.

Objective To determine the degree of volume reduction of major  arteries of lower extremities
 with the three-dimensional ultrasound volume method and to compare the measuring results of clinical stage,ankle-brachial index (ABI) and  transcu
taneous oxygen pressure (TcPO2) of arterial ischemic disease,and to explore its clinical value.
Methods 60 patients（March 2011-February 2012,with ultrasound examination in our hospital,unilateral limb,total of 60 arteries,without ipsilateral iliac artery ste
nosis or occlusion） with arterial sclerosis obstruction (ASO) were selected and the vascular volumes of the selected arteries segments were measured with GI3DQ technique,then the reduction degree of overall volume of narrow lower extremity
arteries was calculated.According the results of the calculation, the  patients were divided into the mild (the reduction of volume 30%-49%),the moderate
(the reduction of volume 50%-70%) and severe(the reduction of volume >70%) groups　(n=20)　and the volume reduction of major arteries of lower extremities   was measured with the three-dimensional ultrasound volume method,and the statistical correlation analysis was performed with clinical stage,ABI and TcPO2.
Results The patients showed reduced lower extremity arterial volume in varying degrees,the reduction  extent and ASO clinical stage showed a moderate correlati
on(r=0.500，P<0.01). The ABI of the patients in mild group was 0.72-0.90,in moderate group 0.44-0.69,in severe group <0.40.The TcPO2 in mild group was 42-50 mmHg,in moderate group 24-41 mmHg,in severe group <22 mmHg. The results showed that the correlation
 
coefficient (R2) of  three-dimensional ultrasound volume and ABI,as well as the R2
 
of  three-dimensional ultrasound volume and TcPO2 were 0.9987 and 0.9957,and
 there was linear correlation between the two sets of comparative data.Conclusion
The three-dimensional ultrasound  measurement of lower extremity arterial volume to assess the degree of arterial ischemia can be used as a new,com
prehensive non-invasive imaging method in the evaluation of lower limb ischemia.

Objective To investigate prevalence of hypertension in the  adults in So
ngyuan area of Jilin province,and to analyze its main influentcing factors.
Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate 2 373 people between 18 and 79 years old

in Songyuan area in July,2012,and the  questionnaire about non-infections chronic diseases and related physical examination (include height,weight,waist,hip,blood pressure,blood sugar and so on) was conclucted.The  prevalence of hypertension for different gender
 and ages in this area was described,and the  significant influencing factors related with hypertension were found using χ2 te
st for univariate analysis and logistic regression for multivariate analysis.
Results The hypertension prevalence of adults in Songyuan area was 19.6% (standardized rate 13.3%).The hypertension prevalence for women was 21.3% (standardized rate 13.5%) which was higher than that for men (17.8%,standardized rate 13.0%)
.The hypertension prevalence had a rising trend with the increasing of age.Univariate analysis showed that significant factors mainly included obesity,age,g
ender,family history,diet and exercise,etc.Multivariate analysis showed that the influencing factors were obesity,age,family history,eating fruit,and ea
ting meat.Conclusion The hypertension prevalence of the adults in Songyuan area of Jilin province is less than the national level;the prevalence of hypertension
 has significant relation with age,obesity,family history of chronic disease and diet.

Objective To invstigate the status of elderly depression and its influence factors of the
Hui nationality and the Han nationality in community  and
 to provide the reference for the further effective prevention and treatment of senile depres
sion in local area.Methods From September to November in 2011，4 aging community in Yinchuan city and Wuzhong city were selected,and the voluntary participati
on of 55 years and older people were used  as the research objects,using the method of typical sampling,the objects were given the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) and self-made questionnaire which were condutcted one-to-one by the investigators trained
unifiedly.Results A total of 1 044 completed the surveys,and the GDS score of 343 peoples was more than 11.The total incidence of depression was 32.86%,

including  mild depression 26.45% and moderate and severe depression 6.41%.In the general influence factors of depression,gender,age,education,occupation,smoking and
drinking were the risk factors of depression；there was no significant difference in
 incidence of depression between Hui and Han nationalities(P>0.05).
Conclusion In the general impact factors leading to depression of the elderly in community,n
ationality can not be considered，special attention should be paid to the female,occasionally smoking,often drinking and the people with low education level;intervention and psychologicalcounseling for them can effectively prevent depression.


Objective To investigate the prevalence of dental caries of  childre
n in Changchun area and to explore the disease-related influencing factors,and
to provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and treatment of dental caries of children in Changchun area.
Methods The survey was performed by using multi-stage sampling investigation method.3 districts of Changchun City

(Chaoyang District,Nanguan District and Kuancheng District) and 3 counties (Nongan County,Yushu
City and Dehui City) were selected as the research regions by chester sampling meth
od. 991 students of 6 primary schools(the fifth and sixth grades) and 6 middle schools (the first and second grades)were selected as objects

of study by stratified sampling method.The survey was carried on with the epidemiological questionn
aire (such as the arrangement of teeth,dental plaque,gingivitis,the prevalence of

dental examination,postprandial gargle,frequency of tooth brushing,nutritional status,taking calcium

and sleep time,individual eating habits and famil
y factors)and the prevalence rate was calculated.Results
Of all the children,the overall rate of dental caries was 51.77%,and the prevalence rate of dental caries
in grade 5 of primary school,grade 6 of primary school, first-year of junior middle school and second-year of

junior high school were 57.91%,52.48%,48.16,and 48.98%,respectively.The prevalence rate of dental caries had a  downward trend with  the age
increasing,but there were no significant differences between different grades（P>
0.05）.The prevalence rate of dental caries of children in city was higher than
 that in county(P<0.05).The prevalence  rate of dental caries of children who got caries was higher than those who did not get caries（P<0.05）.Calcium supplements,shorter sleeping time,no mouthwash after every meal,irregular arrangement of teeth
,dietary bias,cacotrophia,eating snacks or sweets yogurt frequency,the only one child,parents suffering caries,lower degree of parents’ attention on oral
 health,and the lower family income were  the important factors of the occurrence of dental caries.Gender,breeding methods,brushing frequency and parental oc
cupation were not the important factors of the occurrence of dental caries.Logistic regression analysis showed that gingivitis,no regular oral examination,ba
cterial plaque,drink milk with sugar,shorter sleeping time,dietary bias，and cacotrophia  were  the important factors of the occurrence of dental caries.
Conclusion Radical cure of  gingivitis,keeping regularly dental examination,removing plaque,drinking milk without sugar,ensuring sleeping time,correcting the
  partial eclipse and malnutrition can prevent dental caries of  children,and  the prevention and treatment of dental caries of children in county should be strengthened.

Objective To isolate and purify hops flavonoids by ethanol extraction
 and macroporous resin adsorption,and to optimize process parameters accordin
g to content and yield of flavonoids,and to establish process system for large-
scale production of hops flavonoids.Methods In the ethanol extraction based on
the total flavonoids from Humulus lupulus,by static adsorption and elution method of

macroporous resin the total flavonoids of hops were separated and purified.According to leaching effect and

the rates of adsorption and elution, the optimal process parameters were determined.
Results The optimal procedure was established,and the ethanol concentration was 40%;FL-3 macroporous resin

was applied on the condition that ethanol concentration was 20% and pH value of leacheate was 4 with
the absorption and elution experiment of static state,then the condition was changes,the condition of ethanol concentration 60% and pH value of leacheate 7 w
as used and eluted.The recovery rate of  total flavonoids from hops was 70.2%,and the
 purity quotient was 70.6%.Conclusion Ethanol extraction method combined with 
FL-3 macroporous resin adsorption can achieve the purification of flavonoids from hops.

This process has the advantages of simple operation and a large amount of
 sample processing,and it is suitable for large scale production.


Objective To study the culture conditions of Lactobacillus acidophilus,and to develop a fermentation with high  bacterial activity,big density,simple operation,
easy for  production application,and to clarify the production and application of lactic acid bacteria.   Methods Lactobacillus acidophilus strain of Chinese strai
ns were selected;according to the proportion of different medium components,experimental group and control group were set up;the  culture conditions
 and formula of MRS liquid culture medium were optimized,and the A650 value  of bacteria liquid  and the number of live bacteria were detected by UV spectrophotometer,and    the optimal process was screened out.   Results Through screening  the optimum culture conditions of Lactobacillus acidophilus were determined; the inoculation quantity was 1%,initial pH value was 6.2,the constant temperature was 37 ℃ and the culture time was  23 h..The optimum culture medium formula was peptone 3.5%,yeast extract 0.5%,2% glucose,0.2% citric acid ammonium,0.088% sodium hydrogen phosphate two,0.6% sodium acetate,0.025% manganese sulfate,magnesium sulfate 0.06%,1% nutrition factor,0.1% Twain 80;the  number　of bacteria  was  up to 1.43 × 10¹¹ cfu.mL^-1 cultured with the optimal culture process;compared with the traditional training scheme,the number of  bacteria species was increased  about 1×10¹¹ cfu.mL^-1,and the process was simple and easy.   Conclusion Through the optimization of   culture conditions and  culture medium of Lactobacillus acidophilus,the best culture conditions of Lactobacillus acidophilus are obtained,the high density cultivation of strain is conduted,and  a theoretical foundation for   preparation and application of lactic acid bacteria is laid.

Objective To build a new type of wear particle induced bone dissolution model,and to provide a simple and convenient aseptic loosening experimenta
l animal model for the study of artificial joints.Methods A total of 50 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into blank control group,pure salt group(n＝10),airbag bone graft group(n＝10),and salt embedding wear particle group(n＝10).The skull bone samples of mice in airbag bone graft group and other groups were obtained 21 and 14 d after operation,respectively.The number of inflammatory cells and osteolysis area were observed  by HE staining.The percentage of bone absorption lacuna area was detected by scanning electron microscope.The proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts were observed by TRAP staining Results The HE staining results showed that compared with airbag bone graft group and black group,  the efflux of inflammatory cells and osteolysis areas in pure salt group and wear particle group were increased significantly (P<0.01). The TRAP  staining results showed that the number of osteoclasts in airbag bone graft group was significantly lower than that in  wear particle group (P<0.01).The scanning electron microscope results  showed that the percentage of bone absorption lacuna area in  wear particle group was significantly higher than that in  airbag bone graft group (P<0.01).Conclusion Salt solution  method is a simple,economic,and fast method to build myuse skull dissolvement  models,and  it can accurately simulate the pathological process of aseptic loosening after artificial joint replacement.
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Objective To examine the prevalence rate and disease spectrum of non-communicable chronic diseases in different areas and different population of Jilin province and to provide evidence for making prevention and controlling strategies of chronic diseases. Methods A total of 23 050 adult residents aged 18-79years from 32 districts of Jilin province were selected by multistage cluster randomly sampling.The investigation with questionnaire was conducted in face-to-face style,and chronic diseases conditions were self-reported.Complex weightedcomputation was used in the prevalence rate estimation. Results The total prevalence rate of chronic diseases was 51.6%.The residents in rural areas had a higher prevalence rate compared with residents in urban areas (55.7% vs 48.3%,P<0.001).The female residents had a higher prevalence rate compared with male residents (57.6% vs 46.0%,P<0.001).The prevalence rate was increased with the age increasing.The top 5 of the most prevalent systemic chronic diseases were disease of circulatory system (23.5%),disease of digestive system (19.1%),disease of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (18.1%),disease of genitourinary system (12.3%) and endocrine and nutritional and metabolic diseases (7.6%).The top 5  of the most prevalent chronic diseases were hypertension (13.3%),chronic gastroenteritis/peptic ulcer (11.4%),intervertebral disc disease (11.4%),ischemic heart disease (7.7%),and arthritis (7.0%). Conclusion The adult residents in Jilin province have a higher prevalence rate of chronic diseases compared with the results of the other similar investigation in China.There are differences in the distributional haracteristics of chronic disease among different areas and different populations.Health system should provide more strength in preventing and controlling chronic diseases according to the differentdistribution of them in different populations and different areas.
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Objective To investigate  the prevalence and distribution of overweight and obesity in the adults in Jilin province in 2012,and to analyze the distribut
ion and relevant influencing factors.Methods A total of 20 839 adults,which were sampled through multistage stratified random cluster sampling method,were enrolled in the questionnaire survey and physical examination.After being weighted according to complex sampling scheme,the sample was used to describe the prevalence of overweight(24≤BMI<28) and obesity(BMI≥28),and the distribution between groups as well as the influencing factors of overweight and obesity(BMI≥24) was analyzed through the corresponding statistical methods based on complex sampling design.Results The prevalence of overweight was 32.3% (male: 34.3%,female: 30.2%;city: 32.9%,country: 31.5%),and the prevalence of obesity was 14.6% (male: 16.3%,female: 12.8%;city: 14.6%,country: 14.6%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity among male were higher than that among female (P<0.001),but there was no significant difference between areas (P>0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that the people who were male,45-55 years old,married or divorced,other ccupation,smoked,drinking,and carnivorous diet were more likely to have overweight;while the people who were smoking,plant-based diet,sleep more than 7 were not prone to have overweight (P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with the data in 2010,the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the  adults in Jilin province in 2012 is at a high level.The influencing factors  of overweight and obesity include gender,age,marriage,occupation,smoking,drinking,diets and sleep.There need more publicity and education to prevent and control the occur of overweight and obesity.

Objective To investigate the current situation of arthritis and its influencing factors in  the  adults in Jilin province and to provide the basis for making effective intervention measures.Methods
With multi-stage stratified cluster sampling，23 050 people aged between 18 and 79 years were selected from nine states(a total of 32 areas) of Jilin province and the data of these residents were collected with questionnaire and physical examinations by face-to-face interview.The prevalence rate of arthritis in the  adults was analyzed through complex weighted computation and the influence factors were analyzed through unconditional logistic regression.Results The prevalence rate by survey of arthritis in the  adults in Jilin province was 7.0%,the 95% CI was 6.6%-7.3%.The prevalence rate of arthritis was increased with the age increasing.It was higher in rural area than urban area (P<0.001),and the female was  higher than the male (P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative risks (95% confidence interval) of rural,old age,female,the low level of meat products and family history of chronic diseases for arthritis were 1.291(1.120-1.486),22.230(6.864-72.002),1.752(1.487-2.064),1.251(1.065-1.470),and 1.403(1.231-1.600),respectively.Conclusion The prevalence rate of arthritis in the adults in Jilin province is higher.It should be helpful to changing such status through enhancing health intervention among the rural residents,the female,the older and the person who has family history of chronic iseases.

The prevalence of obesity has been rapidly increasing worldwide over the last several decades and has become a major health problem in developed countries. The hypothalamus is a key region which possesses reciprocal connections between the higher cortical centres such as reward-related limbic pathways,and the brainstem,it plays a key role in the control of food intake by integrating a number of peripheral signals which modulate food intake and energy balance.The adipocyte-derived hormone leptin and ancreatic β cell derived insulin inform adiposity to the hypothalamus.Cholecysto-kinin(CK),peptide YY(PYY),pancreatic polypeptide(PP),glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) and oxyntomodulin(OXM) transfer satiety signals to the brain and ghrelin relays hunger signals.Nutrients are also involved in the physiological regulation of food intake.In this article,the  central and peripheral  mechanisms of appetite regulation were reviewed and  the possible mechanisms of obesity were discussed.