J4 ›› 2012, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 1286-1297.

• 地质与资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

陆相盆地油页岩成矿规律:以东北地区中、新生代典型盆地为例

刘招君1|2|3|孟庆涛1,2,3|贾建亮1|孙平昌1|柳蓉1,2,3|胡晓峰1   

  1. 1.吉林大学地球科学学院|长春130061;
    2.油页岩与共生能源矿产吉林省重点实验室|长春130061;
    3.东北亚生物演化与环境教育部重点实验室|长春130026
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-25 出版日期:2012-09-26 发布日期:2012-09-26
  • 通讯作者: 孟庆涛(1984-),女,讲师,博士,主要从事石油地质学、油页岩成矿理论、古湖泊学和沉积地球化学研究 E-mail:mengqt@ jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘招君(1951-)|男|教授|博士生导师|主要从事沉积学、层序地层学、石油地质学、油页岩资源评价与成矿理论研究|E-mail:liuzj@jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目(40972076);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20110427);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20110061110050);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(新教师类)(20110061120066);国土资源部公益性行业科研专项(201211051-04);国家潜在油气资源(油页岩勘探开发利用)产学研用合作创新建设项目(OSR-01);吉林省科技引导计划(青年科研基金)项目(201101022);吉林大学创新团队项目(201004001);吉林大学科学前沿与交叉学科创新项目(201003012)

Metallogenic Regularity of Oil Shale in Continental Basin:Case Study in the Meso-Cenozoic Basins of Northeast China

Liu Zhao-jun1,2,3,Meng Qing-tao1,2,3,Jia Jian-liang1,Sun Ping-chang1,Liu Rong1,2,3,Hu Xiao-feng1   

  1. 1.College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun130061, China;
    2.Key Laboratory for Oil Shale and Coexistent Energy Minerals of Jilin Province, Changchun130061, China;
    3.Key-Lab for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia, Ministry of Education, Changchun130026, China
  • Received:2012-06-25 Online:2012-09-26 Published:2012-09-26

摘要:

油页岩作为常规油气的重要替代或补充能源,在全球资源战略中的地位日益彰显。为了更好地揭示我国陆相油页岩的特征与分布规律,在总结多年油页岩勘查成果的基础上,分析了东北地区松辽和桦甸典型含油页岩盆地矿床特征及成矿特点,揭示了陆相坳陷与断陷盆地油页岩成矿规律。油页岩主要发育于三级层序的高水位体系域和水进体系域;古气候和沉积环境对大型坳陷盆地油页岩的形成有重要的控制作用,温暖湿润的气候条件使湖泊自身生产力大大提高,为油页岩形成提供丰富的物质基础;油页岩的平面分布受控于沉积环境的变化,主要分布于深湖-半深湖相,盐度较高使水体处于盐度分层,有利于有机质保存。构造条件对小型断陷盆地油页岩成矿起着至关重要的控制作用,通过控制可容纳空间而影响了油页岩的厚度分布及品质特征,油页岩主要富集相带为靠近控盆同生断裂一侧的半深湖-深湖环境,且靠近控盆同生断裂一侧油页岩厚度明显加厚和含油率增大;同时,干湿交替的气候控制了油页岩的层数和保存条件。对比分析表明:坳陷含油页岩盆地规模多为大型,油页岩矿单独存在、分布面积大,以中薄层中低含油率为典型特点;断陷含油页岩盆地规模多为小型,油页岩矿单独存在或与煤相伴生,以薄层高含油率或巨厚层中等含油率为典型特点。在三级层序的水进和高水位体系域中,有机质丰度和湖泊生产力较高,层状藻和结构藻较为繁盛,外源输入较低、水体盐度较大、还原性较强,且呈碱性环境,是油页岩形成的有利时期。因此,古构造、古气候和沉积环境综合控制下的丰富有机质来源和良好的湖水盐度分层是油页岩有机质富集的有利因素。

关键词: 陆相油页岩, 坳陷盆地, 断陷盆地, 成矿规律, 成矿模式, 东北地区, 油页岩

Abstract:

As an important replacement or supplement energy for traditional oil & gas, the position of oil shale in global strategy becomes more and more obvious. In order to reveal the characteristics and distribution regularity of oil shale in continental basins better, based on the summary of exploration results of oil shale for many years, the deposit and metallogenic characteristics of typical oil shale bearing basins such as Songliao and Huadian basin in Northeast China have been analyzed, and the metallogenic regularity of oil shale in continental depression and fault basins has been revealed. It is shown that oil shale mainly developed in HST and TST within the third order sequence. Paleoclimate and sedimentary environment play important control action on oil shale formation in large scale depression basin, warm and humid climate greatly improves the lake productivity, which provides abundant materials for oil shale formation. The distribution of oil shale changes regularly by the evolution of the lake, oil shale mainly deposit in semi-deep to deep lake, high salinity causes the salinity stratification of the lake water, which is benefit for organic preservation. Tectonic conditions play a vital control action on oil shale mineralization in small fault basins, which affect the thickness distribution and quality characteristics of oil shale by controlling the accommodation. The accumulation belts of oil shale locate in semi-deep to deep lake close to basin-controlling contemporaneous fault, and oil shale obviously thicken and the oil yield increase near by the side of fault. Meanwhile, the altering wet and dry climate controls the number of layers and the preservation conditions. Comparative analysis indicates that the scale of depression oil shale bearing basin is large, oil shale exists alone, the distribution area is large, and characterized by thin-middle layer and low-middle oil yield. The scale of fault oil shale bearing basin is small, oil shale exists alone or associated with coal, and characterized by thin layer and high oil yield or thick layer and middle oil yield. During the period of HST and TST within third-order sequence, the organic matter abundance and lake productivity are higher, the stratiform and texture algae are relatively prosperous, exogenous input is relatively low, the water salinity is higher, the reducibility is stronger and the environment is alkalinity, which are the favorable periods for oil shale formation. Therefore, the abundant organic matter and favorable lake salinity stratification that are comprehensively controlled by paleostructure, paleoclimate and sedimentary environment are restrictive factors for the organic matter enrichment of oil shale.

Key words: continental oil shale, depression basin, fault basin, metallogenic regularity, metallogenic model, Northeast China, oil shale

中图分类号: 

  • P618.13
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