The lherzolite, wehrlite and pyroxenite are the three types of xenoliths found in the Yitong Cenozoic basalt, Northeast China. The spinel in pyroxenite xenoliths has special compositional zo-ning.It is suggested that the pyroxenite xenoliths were formed by the crystallization differentiation of the differentiated mantle-derived magma. Based on electron microprobe analysis, the spinel is featured by symmetrical compositional zoning with Al increasing and Mg, Fe and Cr decrease from core to rim. According to the characteristics of element distribution, the spinel compositional zonings were formed by the chemical equilibrium between the crystals and magma during magma crystallization, not by ion diffusion in the processes of subsolidus equilibrium. The temperature difference from core to rim does not reflect the real temperature change after crystallization. The temperature in the center part of coexisted clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene can only represent the initial temperature of magma crystallization (~1 006℃).

Wangjiacha quartz diorite, outcropped in the junction area between Qinling and Qilian orogenic belts, was intruded into the metamorphic complex of the Longshan Group. Assemblage, chemistry and geochemical characteristics of the quartz diorite intrusion show the characteristics of subduction granite. Using LA-ICPMS(Laser-iso plasma mass spectrum) dating technique, U-Pb isotope dating for tiny areas of single zircons from the quartz diorite gives a weighted average age of (454.7±1.7) Ma, which probably stands for the formation age of the rocks. This dating is of great significance to the research on the Early Paleozoic tectonic evolution, on the orogenic processes in the junction area between the Qinling and Qilian and on the relationship between the Qinling and Qilian orogenic belts.

The Au and REE content analysis in rocks and ores show that Au source of the Xiaotazigou gold deposit is complicated. Gold and other ore-forming materials were derived when hydrothermal fluids passed through the Archean metamorphic complexes, as well as through some granitic porphyry and diorite porphyrite. They were activated and migrated when the Beidashan granite was emplaced. Au/Ag ratio and the diagram of (As+Sb) versus (Cu+Pb+Zn) show that Beidashan monzonitic granite provided necessary heat for the formation of the deposit. The main ore bodies found up to now are mainly located to the south of the monzonitic granite. The area within 1-3 km south of the Beida-shan monzonitic granite is thought to be the most favorable sites for the search for new parallel and high-grade ore bodies. In the No.1 lode, the largest one in the area, the ore-forming temperature changes greatly from 160-400℃, and the salinity of the ore fluids also changes greatly (0%-9%) with appa-rent boiling phenomena while the smaller lodes are of higher temperature（280-400℃）and lower salinity（<5%）.

The Qingchengzi area in Liaoning Province is the most important metallogenic region of non-ferrous and noble metals in China. A synthetic information model of searching for the deposits was set up by the present authors based on analyses of the deposits in geology,geochemistry, geophysics and remote sensing. It is suggested that the stratigraphic horizon, intrusion and faults of different orders played a very important role in gold, silver and polymetal ore-forming processes. Under guidance of the prospecting model and through geological survey, stream sediment measurement, high-precision magnetic measurement, remote sensing interpretation, a voluminous of information of mineralization were collected and more than ten perspective sites are selected and investigated. The Qingchengzi metallogenic region has been proven to be of high potential.

In this study a novel alternative synthesis methodology is presented, employing inexpensive multi-spectral Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) data to delineate vegetation ano-malies potentially related to a hydrothermal alteration zone. Therefore, the authors employed ETM+ data of the Zhaoyuan gold deposits in summer to analyze and to determine if anomalies could be mapped using this assumption. To accomplish this, the process includes (1)data preparation, (2)vegetation indices (Veg. Index,TNDVI,SQRT(IR/R),NDVI,IR/R etc. ) and band ratios indices, (3)principal component analysis(PCA), (4)unsupervised classification and (5)supervised classification. The results clearly delineated several areas of vegetation anomalies related to the Zhaoyuan gold deposits, Shandong Province. Field checking of other areas, mapped as vegetation anomalies, also revealed several hydrothermal alteration zones. The results showed that extracting vegetation anomalies information using alternative synthesis methodology from ETM+ data is useful.

Numerous unconformities occur in the Neoproterozoic-Cenozoic cover sequence at the northeast margin of the Tarim Basin. They are the products formed under different geodynamic settings and provide important clues to the study on the tectonic evolution both at the northeast margin of and of the whole Tarim basin as well. Based on field geological survey and comprehensive study of the seismic materials of the basin, the authors further elaborate the features of the important unconformity interfaces of Nh₂/Nh₁，∈/Z ，O₃/O₂，S/O₃，C/AnC，T/AnT，J/AnJ，E/AnE，N₂/N₁ and their geodynamic background and try to set up a complete evolution sequence of unconformities in the area. According to the features of the unconformities，strata ,deposit and structure, the tectonic evolution of the covers at the northeast margin of Tarim basin can be divided into three cycles and six stages. The three circles are: the Nahuaian-Devonian intra-craton disintegration and closure, the Carboniferous-Triassic circum-craton disintegration and closure and the Jurassic-Quaternary pull-apart and compression. The six stages are: Nahuaian-Ordovician intra-craton aulacogen, Silurian-Devonian compression and uplifting, Carboniferous-Permian intracraton subsidence basin, thrust-strike-slip of the last stage of Lower Permian-Triassic foreland basin, Jurassic-Paleogene fault depression and down-warped basin and Neogene-Quaternary regenerated foreland basin stages.

Using evidence weight method, the authors selected tectonic activities, hydrocarbon abundance and thickness of source rocks, level of reservoir, complexity of reservoir, degree of mineralization of formation water as the evidence layers to evaluate the favorable zones of lower Palaeozoic pools at the north edge of the middle and lower Yangtze area. Finally, integrated with the study of petroleum geology of the area, the north of the Sichuan Basin, west area of Hubei and east area of Chongqing, and parts of the lower Yangtze area are considered as the most profitable areas of oil exploration at the north edge of lower and middle Yangtze area.

In Kongquehe area of the Tarim Basin, the identification of the effective source rocks is carried out on the basis of the existence of the potential source rocks. Paleozoic dark mudstone, limestone and marl and Mesozoic dark mudstone, coal seam are potential source rocks. When the potential source rocks are of features of TOC>0.5%, 0.5%O<4.0%, they will be effective source rocks. On the well, effective source rocks can be identified exactly by the geochemical parameters. Effective source rocks were formed in marsh, floodplain and lake in Jurassic and in shelf, half-deep-sea and basin in Cambrian and Lower Ordovician. An effective sedimentary environment model for the source rocks can be set up and be applied in the area in the between of the wells to get a distribution map of the effective source rocks. Reconstructed paleotemperature will help to eliminate immature or overmature source rocks and to define the range of the effective source rocks further. This method of identifying effective source rocks has been applied in Kongquehe area of the Tarim basin and is proven to be feasible by a new well.

Many problems are encountered during the development of tight gas. Most of them are due to the reservoir heterogeneity. The authors present a novel methodology of flow unit definition in tight gas reservoir aimed to improve the reservoir description. Based on the definition of flow unit and its geological meanings, and combined with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the cored wells, four parameters-porosity, permeability, FZI and Winland r35 are integrated into the classification of flow units. Further, the flow barriers and connected sand bodies have been recognized by means of method of reservoir hierarchy analysis and standard of profitable gas in tight gas reservoir. And by use of cluster and discriminant analyses, a quantitative mode of flow unit definition in uncored wells has been developed, and also, three types of flow units have been recognized. Finally, the 3D geologic model of flow unit is set up using sequential indicator stochastic modeling. The model not only depicts the reservoir heterogeneity more accurately, but also provides a more useful guidance to the development of tight gas. The development practice of tight gas has proved that the flow unit A is of good reservoir quality, and hence of the best development effect, while flow unit C is the bad one. The flow unit B takes second place but has more potential than the other two.

Compositions of major，trace and rare earth elements of the Neogene sandstones and siltstones in Guantao Formation of Nanpu sag are analyzed．The results reveal that most contents of major elements are moderate，SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents and their ratios show that most of sandstone samples are arkose or lithic arkose as well as other major elements,with only a few graywackes existing．Contents of mafic elements (Co，Cr，Ni，Sc，V) and large-ion lithophile elements ( LILE) like Rb，Cs，Ba，Sr are similar to that in the upper crust．The unanimous chondrite-normalized REE distribution patterns suggest that sandstones have similar provenance and be formed in the same tectonic settings．Most discrimination diagrams of tectonic settings，such as diagrams of log(K₂O/Na₂O) versus SiO₂，double variants distinction diagrams of major elements，diagrams of Th-Sc-Zr/10 and Th-Co-Zr/10 etc.，show that the provenance of Guantao Formation in Nanpu sag belongs to active continental margin tectonic setting．According to the diagrams of provenance discrimination (such as Th-Hf-Co plot and La/Th-La/Yb plot) and (Gd/Yb)_N ratios，it can be known that the primary materials of sedimentary rocks of Guantao Formation came from the upper continental crust of post-Archaean that were mainly composed of felsic rocks．Compared with REE distribution patterns of intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks and granites from Yanshan orogeny during different times，the results show that source rocks were mainly from intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks and/or granites which were formed during Yanshan movement period inYan-shan orogeny．

In recent years, along with the hydrocarbon exploration of peripheral basins in the Daqing oilfield, the buried clastic hill reservoirs are found in the Budate Group in the Sudeerte structural zone of the Hailaer Basin. The reservoir space for oil-gas is mainly related to structural fractures. It has been found that the form, development and evolution of fractures have great influences on oil-gas concentration. Based on observation on bores and on analyses on the regional structural evolution history and thermal evolution history, the development periods of the fractures are searched by stable isotopic analysis, fluid inclusion homogenization temperature of in-filled components in fractures and acoustic emission technology. The results indicate the fractures in the Budate Group are of multiple-episodes and of inherited development. Three stages of fracture development have been identified. The fracture activities of the stageⅠare related to the Nantun-Damoguaihe movement and are filled by quartz mainly formed under temperature between 72℃ and 76℃. In this stage, hydrocarbon inclusions are found but their maturity is low. The fractures of stageⅡare the products of regional extension of the Yimin phase and are filled by calcite and microcrystalline quartz, both formed at 117℃ to 154℃. Generally, the hydrocarbon maturity of this stage is relatively high. The fractures of stage Ⅲ came into being during intense uplift at the end of the Yimin period. These fractures are filled by microcrystalline calcite and quartz formed at 89℃ to 110℃. The hydrocarbon maturity of the stage lessened.

Based on the previously available data base for the surface soft sediments in the central and western South Yellow Sea, the authors focused on the combination characteristics and distribution rules of detrital minerals, content characteristics and distribution rules of CaCO₃,TiO₂,Cu,Sr and Ba in order to indicate sources of the sediments. Meanwhile, the characteristics are compared with the adjacent sediments of Yellow River, Yangtze River and some loess respectively. Results on material resources show that in the northwestern South Yellow Sea, sediments are mainly from the Yellow River and minorly from basement erosion at Shangdong peninsula and adjacent sea, sediments of the Yellow River delta in northern Jiangsu mainly came from the re-transportation of sediments of the old Yellow River and partly the erosion of base rocks by seawater in transgression period in Holocene. The central area had diversity of sediment sources, including sediments derived from former sediments and base rocks which were re-transpoted and re-deposited, also including some material that were carried by the Yangtze River, Kuroshio and old Yellow River. In the southern part of the studied area, sediments mainly come from the Yangtze River. The results indicate that the depositional area influenced by the modern Yellow River is second to those of the Yangtze River, and the paleo-channel of Yellow River is different from the present one, i.e. it ended at and flew into the Yellow Sea at Northern Jiangsu in late Pleistocene.

Based on comprehensive study of outcrops, fossils, drilling data and well logging, shallow lacustrine facies, instead of unitary fluvial facies, were recognized in the sandstone-bearing sequence of upper Guantou Formabion， in Gudao oilfield. The shallow lacustrine deposits are special in that the lake topography is smooth, lake surface is wide, water body is very shallow. Lake level changes are frequent influenced by mainly the corresponding climate changes. Deposit mainly are alternative mostlyred mudstone and grey mudstone which showing oxidizing and reducing environment. Sedimentary features show that sedimentary structure generally occur in shallow lakes and creature genesis structure growing, waterplane rise→decline depositoinal cycle obviously. Through taking the observation of core hole, describe and analyse lab test, five microfacies(water channel, sand flat, mixed flat, mud flat and marsh) can be distinguished, established the sedimentary model of Ng1+2 sand sets in Gudao oilfield.

Rhyolite is the main reservoir volcanic rocks of the Songliao Basin, belonging to calc-alkaline type of subalkaline series, also with medium-high-K. Reservoir space can be classified as primary pore, secondary pore and fissure, and furthermore, as thirteen basic genetic sub-types. The average porosity of volcanic reservoir is in range 3-15 percent, permeability (0.1-5)×10^-3μm², and pore radius ranges 0.05-1 μm. Pore structures can be classified as wide form, less wide form, rather narrow form, narrow form and extremely narrow form. Tectonic movements, weathering erosions and fluid activities are the main geologic factors that influence and control the development and evolution of reservoir space.

Northeast Sichuan Basin is a Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin in north margin of the Yangtse plate, which has a complex tectonic background and hydrocarbon accumulation history. By means of the analysis method of wave processes, major cycles of sedimentary wave process in this basin have been studied. The results show that there are five-order cycles corresponding to 760 Ma, 220 Ma, 100 Ma, 35 Ma and 20 Ma respectively, and the two first-order sedimentary cycles(200 Ma) and four second-order sedimentary cycles. The authors find that the second-order sedimentary cycles are well matched with reservoir formation cycles through studying the relationship between second-order sedimentary cycles and reservoir formation cycles, and divide three reservoir formation cycles in this basin.

Deep-water turbidite fans are widely developed in the upper part of the fourth member of Shahejie Formation at Yong-55 block in the north steep slope of Dongying sag.They are among the best reservoirs in the area.The characteristics of sedimentary sequence are studied on the conglomerate body in Yong-55 block with drilling core discription，thin-section and grain size analysis，seismogram and logging. It is showed that the conglomerate body had low compositional maturity and textural maturity. Results of grain size analysis showed that graded suspending was the main transportation way of the clasts. Most of the sedimentary structures were generated by gravity flow. Bouma sequence is recognized from the core observing. The turbidite fan’s depositional models are summarized. According to the characteristics of sandstone and conglomerate bodies，the turbidite fan can be subdived into three subfacies，including inner fan，middle fan and outer fan.The sandy conglomerate bodies of brained channel in middle fan are the good reservoirs. Dark mudstone of lake facies containes hybrocarbon source rocks and good cover rock. It was proved that the deep-water turbidite fan deposits have good potentials for oil and gas accumulation.

The reservoir volcanic rocks of the early Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in Qingshen gas fields of the Songliao Basin are mainly rhyolites that have been selected for zircon U-Pb dating from the two major gas-producing regions called Xingcheng and Shengping. SHRIMP ages of the reservoir volcanic rocks range from 111 Ma to 115Ma, being the Mid-Cretaceous Aptian to Albian stage. Results of the volcanic eruption ages of the two regions suggest that all the reservoir volcanics are cotemporary and formed at the same period of volcanism, which is different from previously understanding about them. Traditionally the volcanic rocks used to be thought different ages, the volcanic reservoir rocks of Shengping were believed to be younger (K₁yc³) than those from Xingcheng (K₁yc¹) , which should be modified according to our results. The result is very significant to exploring and exploiting volcanic gas pool of the northern Songliao Basin.

The authors discussed petroleum generation, evolution, migration and reservoir forming conditions and its controlling factors of Pai 2 well section in Junggar Basin. Based on the basin evolution histories and conduit frame work and potential source-rock, we studied not only the evolution of the energy fields but also the kinetic and dynamic processes, by integrated geological, geophysical and geochemical means and computer modeling techniques. Detailed oil-to-source correlation showed that oil/gas of Pai 2 well section mainly originates from “coal seam” of Jurassic in south Sikeshu sag. The geologic factors and the geologic function, such as petroleum generation, migration and accumulation and so on, were controlled by Himalayan neotectonism. The accumulation model of Pai 2 well section was attributed to late, shallow, longdistance and fast injection.

MLS-based meshless method is a new numerical method in near few years and has such advantages as only requirement of node information of nodes rather than element over finite element method.Meshless method is applied to construct the field functions including the selection of base function and weight function and the shape function and to compute the derivatives of these both functions. On the basis of hydrogeological conditions in Shoushan region,Anshan City,Liaoning Province, a mathmatical model to solve the two-dimensional plane groundwater flow system with double-layer structure has been set up and the meshless equation to solve the mathematical model bas also been educed.The mathmatics model has been solved using meshless method based on the caliberated parameter.The forecasted groundwater level in the region with this method is consistent with the observed change.

Based on analyzing and conceptualizing the geologic and hydrogeologic conditions of Naolihe watershed, the numerical simulation model of groundwater flow system has been built and solved by Visual MODFLOW, and groundwater flow regime in future 7 years has also been predicted. In the process of model prediction, second-type boundary was forecasted with iterative method, annual precipitation and groundwater withdrawal was forecasted by spectral analysis, which well realized the coupling of stochastic model and deterministic model. The results show that the average annual recharge of groundwater in the research area is 20.9×10⁸ m³/a. From predicted head equipotentials, it can be seen that groundwater level in the research area will declinef during prediction periods with the avarage speed of 0.329m/a if mining according to the forecasted withdrawal.

Based on the fuzzy comprehensive DRASTIC evaluation method , the vulnerability of unconfined water in Songnen Plain is evaluated.The main influence factors of the groundwater environment vulnerability in Songnen Plain are analyzed to construct the proper evaluation index system exactly and to determine the seven main hydrogeological parameters. The study area is then divided into 75 cells and the subordinate degree optimal matrix of each cell for different rank is constructed. The evaluation results show that the most vulnerable zone (the zone quite easier to be polluted) is only distributed in the high land area in the south of Wangfu-Fulongquan in Jilin Province; the vulnerable zone (the zone easily be polluted) is mainly distributed along the main streams, flood plains and low terraces of their main branches and the central low plain ; the least vulnerable zone is mainly distributed in the high plain area and the basaltic area in Wudalianchi.

EPA’s DRASTIC method was apllied to evaluate the groundwater vulnerability of Lijiang Basin in the historical city of Lijiang in Yunnan Province with the consideration of depth to the water table,net recharge, aquifer material, soil type, topography, impact of vadose zone and hydraulic conductivity of aquifer from the natural environment and humankind activities with the help of GIS technology.The research results show that Lijiang Basin is of high vulnerability,severe pollution and low security of water resources,which has threatened the groundwater ecology safety of Lijiang heritage site. Enforcing comprehensive research and protection of water resource environment is one of the most important work to make the society, economy and environment harmonious development in Lijiang area.

With the help of advanced remote sensing digital technique and on the data basis of the topography map data and some GPS controlling points the DEMs in Tiantai village Xuanhan County Sichuan Province have been set up before and after the occurrence of superlarge landslide in on Sept 5th. 2004.And the ortho-image before and after the landside has also been acquired using high-resolution satelite image and proper image-disposal method. The slide direction and distance of each block of landslide has been calculated quantitativily by the method of interactive interpretation and determination of specific points and the total volume of the landside unity is estimated out to be about 2.3×10⁷m³. Based on the comprhensive analysis of the geological forming conditions of landside, the heavy rainfall event and the cution of the new road in the Tiantai slope are the main factors to trigger the occurrence of the Tiantai landslide.

In order to avoid the random and uncertainty of the assessment method of reservoir bank stability , the artificial neural network(ANN) method with the function of disposing the nonlinear relation was applied to judge the grade of stability. A three-layer BP network model was established with 15 input nodes, 31 nodes in hided layer and 4 output nodes . In this network model, the BP elastic algorithm（RPROP）was adopted and the initialized weight value and valve were optimized and this model has realized the nonlinear reflection of the network and has the fast speed of convergence. This established method of the three layers of BP network is an effective method worthy of popularizing. Case study in the upstream banks of reservoir of Three Gorges shows that the judgment of stability grade of reservoir bank with this BP network mentioned above was similar to the results of conventional calculation methods.

As a main geology body recording a large amount of information on paleoclimate environment changes, lake sediments continuously and sensitively record information of regional climate and environment with annual to decadal resolution. The sediments were sampled from Jiangling section, located in Jiangling County, Jianghan Plain. Based on the high-resolution sampling and the analysis result of sedimental lithology,grain size, pollen and the isotope of organic carbon the grain-size characteristics of Jiangling lake sediments have been analyzed and the paleo-climatic changes over last 9 000 years in the area have been reconstructed. The research result shows that the lake sediment in Jiangling lake has well recorded the dryingup process of water body and climatic changes can be divided into five stages as follows: 8 900~6 300 aB.P. when the lake was deep and open with wet climate; 6 300~4 700 aB.P. when the lake was shallow with arid climate; 4 700~3 400 aB.P. when the lake was much shallower with the a little wetter and hotter climate; 3 400~2 500 aB.P. when the limnic peat was widely developed with hot and wet climate; 2 500 aB.P. to current when the lake was changed towards the flood deposition with arid cliamte.The climatic changes over 9 000 aB.P. in Jiangling area were coincident with other research results in neighboring areas,especially the Dongting lake. The sediment gain size provides a new effective way to recover the climate changes.

In order to explore the grain-size distribution characteristics and geo-genetic types of land desertification in Mo Us desert, the research on the grain-size characteristics of sediments since late Pleistocene has been carried out in the desert area and neighboring area such as inside desert, sand co-vered loess plateau, loess plateau and river valley.The research result shows that sediments of different geologic genetic types are the fundamental material source of sandy desertification in these areas and the distinguishing of different types of the sediments is the theoretical basis of classification of different geo-genetic type of sandy desertification.The contribution of different geological roles on the land desertification and its significance to prevent and deal with the land desertification have also discussed. It is believed that the land desertification in Mo Us desert area is charactrized by the in-situ sand source and the hydraulic carriage by surface flow is the important way to transport the sand. Modern sandy desertification in Mo Us desert and its neighboring regions is a further process of transition, sorting and sedimentation by wind with more intricate grain size distribution characteristics.

A soil column was constructed to investigate transportation, transformation and the biogeochemistry process of the pollutants in the landfill leachate plume. Experimental results indicated that growth rate of microbes is high in the initial 28 days, and its average increase rate was 1.7×10⁵ per day; TOC showed shuttle-shape migration in soil. Growth rate of microbes had great impacts on the TOC attenuation; NH⁺₄N showed piston shape transportation in soil, and its attenuation had no obvious relation to microbes growth in short term. Migration rate of the TOC is higher than that of NH⁺₄-N; migration rate of TOC and NH⁺₄-N is about 3.0cm/d and 2.4 cm/d, respectively.

Betimes and high efficiency method must be used to forecast pollution trend in the face of more and more serious problems of soil heavy metal pollutions. In this research, the soil heavy metal pollution forecast model and soil pollution heavy metal element overtake standard early warning model was established and forecast extension was developed based ArcView GIS support by GIS technique, and then realized forecast and early warning for soil heavy metal pollution. Lastly, taking Beijing City include its suburb as instances, warning its heavy metal pollution and forecast Pb element overtake standard fixed number of year and a good forecast result was gained.

Based on the analysis results of magnetic susceptibility and chemical analysis of 54 paddy soil and 14 soil sections and chemical analysis results of the paddy seeds respective to paddy soil, the typical characteristics of the soil magnetic susceptibility in Chengdu economic region have been summerized systematically. The results show that: ①magnetic susceptibility of soil is mainly controlled by parent material; ②the value of magnetic susceptibility is higher in the paddy soil; ③the magnetic susceptibility in different soil type has positive correlation with the content of Cd in soil nad have good indication of the soil pollution l;④Magnetic susceptibility can be used to classify the soil preliminarily.

The interactive orthogonal design was employed to investigate the parameters of Mn/Ce catalysts preparation through citric complex method, and the effects of metal ratio (Mn∶Ce=7∶3, 1∶1, 3∶7), calcination temperature (350℃, 500℃, 650℃), and calcination time on decomposing butyric acid through catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) were discussed. The results indicated that metal ratio and calcination temperature have notable effect on catalytic activity (p=99% and p=95%, respectively), while calcination time have no notable effect. The best preparation conditions were: Mn∶Ce=3∶7, calcination temperature of 500 ℃ and calcinations time of 5 hours through the analysis of interactive orthogonal design. XRD, BET and SEM techniques were used to describe the physical properties of the Mn/Ce catalyst prepared under the best preparation conditions.

Researchor use two-stage SBR reactor to remove phosphorus and nitrogen simultaneously, to solve the paradoxical relationships between phosphorus and nitrogen in the mixed growth system. The results showed that reactor can automatic control two-stage SBR process separately according to the varying regulations of pH、ORP and DO of nitrogen-stage and phosphorus-stage, using automatic control technology.

We first review the finite-difference scheme proposed by Qin in 1988 which solves the eikonal equation along expanding wavefronts and analyze its advantages and disadvantages. We also show some problems about its programming implement. Then we show an implement method in the C⁺⁺ programming language, which aims at solving the problems. (1) To ensure the stability of the program, we also consider the refracted and diffracted waves to calculate the traveltimes. The new method improves the local algorithmic stabilities of Qin’s method without losing the precise. (2) To improve the efficiency of the program, we propose a queue storage structure of the wavefront points. (3) We build a convenient and doable program structure for the expanding wavefronts method. We append four boundaries to the original velocity model, which not only makes programming simple but also save the time dealing with the model boundaries.

To simulate surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) signal efficiently and accurately, kernel function can be computed from the known values at certain nodes as few as possible by means of continuous fraction interpolation. Numerical results of a single aquifer embedded into free space show that the combination of Gaussion quadrature and continuous fraction interpolation can speed up surface NMR simulation without losing accuracy.

HHT (The Hilbert-Huang transform) is a signal analysis method developed in recent years，which has clear physical meaning, high-degree accuracy and adaptability. In this paper, the principle of HHT is introduced, and HHT spectra of both model signals and seismic cycles are analyzed. The result suggests that this method can perfectly distinguish the model signals, and different type seismic cycles are correspondent to their HHT time-frequency spectra. This provides theoretical evidences for seismic sequences identification and sedimentary faces analysis.

It is important to the numerical simulation of WFT (wireline formation tester) for the instrument design and data analysis of logging research.A 3D simulation program was build with FEM. In the aspect of theory, the boundary condition with variable storage pipeline volume is proposed. In the aspect of realization the backward differentiation method was applied for stability and the variable stepwise method is used for the calculation efficiency.