果园自走式弥雾喷雾机设计与仿真分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决低矮密植果园操作受限、传统大型施药设备入园困难、作业效率低和药液浪费严重等问题，设计研发了一款果园自走式弥雾喷雾机。该机具采用脉冲喷雾形式，通过高速气流提高喷雾的穿透性，增加冠层覆盖率，减少飘移，完成喷雾机整体结构和行走系统、喷雾系统、弥雾装置等关键部件设计，确定相邻两个弥雾装置喷口的垂直间距为420 mm，夹角为13°。利用ANSYS-Fluent软件建立喷雾系统的三维流场模型，采用 Realizable k-ε和DPM颗粒模型，仿真分析了喷雾速度变化、颗粒浓度变化和流场分布。对喷雾机作业过程进行现场试验，对比仿真结果，喷雾速度相对误差为5.75%，喷雾距离相对误差为7.52%，喷雾高度相对误差为6.84%。研究结果可为果园喷雾机的结构优化提供理论支撑。

关键词: 农业工程, 喷雾机, 脉冲式, 流场仿真, 湍流模型

Abstract:

A self-propelled orchard mist spray was designed and developed to solve the problems of limited operation in low and dense orchards， difficulty in entering traditional large-scale spraying equipment， low operating efficiency and serious waste of liquid medicine. The machine adopts the form of pulse spray， improves the penetration of spray through high-speed air flow， increases canopy coverage， reduces drift， completes the design of the overall structure of the spray machine and key components such as the walking system， spray system， and fog dispersion device， and determines that the vertical spacing between the nozzles of two adjacent fog dispersion devices is 420 mm， and the included angle is 13°. The three-dimensional flow field model of spray system is established by using ANSYS Fluent software， and the Realizable k-ε And DPM particle model， the change of spray velocity， particle concentration and flow field distribution were simulated and analyzed. The field test was carried out on the operation process of the spray machine. Compared with the simulation results， the relative error of spray speed was 5.75%， the relative error of spray distance was 7.52%， and the relative error of spray height was 6.84%. The research results can provide theoretical support for the structural optimization of orchard spray.

Key words: agricultural engineering, spray machine, pulse type, flow field simulation, turbulence model

中图分类号:

S491

邬圣贤,张克平,王久鑫. 果园自走式弥雾喷雾机设计与仿真分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(11): 3762-3773.

Sheng-xian WU,Ke-ping ZHANG,Jiu-xin WANG. Design and simulation analysis of orchard self-propelled mist sprayer[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(11): 3762-3773.

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参数		数值/形式
结构形式		自走式（前置后驱）
车身	（长×宽×高）/mm×mm×mm	3 300×1 280×1 270
喷雾系统	（长×宽×高）/mm×mm×mm	500×1 265×1 720
整机重量/kg		1 860
作业速度/（m·s^-1）		3~8
药箱容积/ L		880
喷雾水平射程/m		≥8
喷雾垂直射程/m		3~12（自测）
作业模式		脉冲式弥雾装置
弥雾装置数量		10
单个弥雾装置耗水量/（L·h^-1）		60
单个弥雾装置耗油量/（L·h^-1）		3.6
配套动力/Hp		30
工作频率/Hz		1 800

采样点	现场试验/（m·s^-1）	仿真实验/（m·s^-1）	相对误差/%
1	37.30	38.13	2.23
2	21.32	21.98	3.10
3	10.48	10.90	4.01
4	7.23	7.58	4.84
5	5.57	5.88	5.57
6	4.21	4.44	5.46
7	3.65	3.86	5.75
8	3.41	3.57	4.69
9	2.90	3.04	4.83
10	2.65	2.79	5.28
11	2.34	2.42	3.42