基于TRIZ理论的分布式混合动力拖拉机动力系统设计与验证

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230217

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决传统构型拖拉机普遍存在的作业过程总体能效偏低、驱动轮牵引力分配不可调控以致环境适应性不强、换挡过程动力中断等一系列问题，基于TRIZ理论设计了一种新构型的混合动力拖拉机动力系统。首先，分析并建立了传统拖拉机存在的换挡动力中断、驱动轮打滑等关键问题的“物-场模型”；其次，采用“冲突解决原理”解决拖拉机动力系统设计过程中涉及的矛盾冲突，并结合发明原理获取合适的矛盾冲突解决方案，明确了拖拉机动力系统的具体架构，获得了拖拉机动力系统创新设计的最终优化方案；最后，为验证本文拖拉机动力系统优化方案的可行性与优越性，针对传统拖拉机和新型拖拉机动力系统进行了仿真分析，并完成了样机试制与功能验证。该构型同时具备分布式驱动和混合动力驱动双重优点，实现了拖拉机各驱动轴间动力输出解耦。根据仿真实验及样机试验可知，优化后拖拉机具有较好的节能效果和更多的驱动模式。通过对现有拖拉机动力系统优化设计实例进行分析，为新能源拖拉机动力系统构型设计提供了理论依据和方法支撑，本文分布式混合动力拖拉机系统架构可为拖拉机全程高效牵引作业提供新思路。

关键词: 农业工程, 混合动力拖拉机, TRIZ理论, 动力系统, 优化设计

Abstract:

Tractors with traditional architecture generally have a series of problems， such as low energy efficiency， difficulty in traction control， power interruption during gear shifting and so on. This paper designs a new architecture of the tractor powertrain system based on TRIZ theory to solve these problems. Firstly， the paper analyzes and establishes the "substance-field model" of key problems such as power interruption during gear shifting， and sliding of the driving wheel of tractors with traditional architecture， etc. Then， the "conflict solving principle" is adopted to solve the conflicts involved in the design of the tractor powertrain system， and the final optimization scheme of the tractor powertrain system innovative design is obtained. Finally， the feasibility of the proposed architecture is verified by simulation tests and prototype tests. This new powertrain system has the dual advantages of distributed drive and hybrid drive， and the power output of each drive shaft of the tractor is decoupled. The optimized tractor has a better energy-saving effect and more drive modes. This paper provides the theoretical basis for the architecture design of a tractor powertrain system， and the distributed hybrid electric tractor system architecture can provide a new idea for the efficient operation of tractors.

Key words: agricultural engineering, hybrid electric tractor, TRIZ theory, powertrain system, optimization design

中图分类号:

S219

李金凤,张学敏,宋正河,武秀恒. 基于TRIZ理论的分布式混合动力拖拉机动力系统设计与验证[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(1): 366-381.

Jin-feng LI,Xue-min ZHANG,Zheng-he SONG,Xiu-heng WU. Design and experiment of distributed hybrid electric tractor powertrain system based on TRIZ theory[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(1): 366-381.

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参数	数值
整机质量/kg	1 050
轴距/mm	1 445
外形尺寸/（mm×mm×mm）	2 650×12 00×1 300
发动机减速比	7.72/11.77/24.35/26.06/37.55/38.32/85.69
前轮半径/mm	260
后轮半径/mm	500
电机功率/kW	7.5
电机额定转矩/（N·m^-1）	25.4
电机额定转速/（r·min^-1）	1 500
电池容量/（A·h）	95

序号	原理	有价值内容详解	对应难点	技术手段
2	抽取	将物体中的关键部分挑选或分离出来	拖拉机工作一定时长后，电量不足，无法及时充电	抽取充电桩的充电功能
3	局部质量	使组成物体的每一部分都最大限度地发挥作用	拖拉机应满足前桥配重要求	将增置设备进行前移
5	组合	把时间上相同或类似的操作联合起来	拖拉机必须转场才能进行充电	将充电功能融入拖拉机内部以实现自主充电
10	预先作用	预先对物体进行特殊安排，使其在时间上有准备或已处于易操作的位置	在SoC低于一定值时，需估量作业场地与充电桩距离、转场所需电量，必须停止作业进行转场	当SoC低于设定值时，发电装置给电池供电
20	有效作用的连续性	消除运动过程中的间歇	拖拉机续航能力差，无法进行较长时间的持续作业	保持电池可随时被供电

序号	原理	有价值内容详解	对应难点	技术手段
6	多用性	使一个物体能发挥多项功能，可以减少原设计中完成这些功能的多个物体的数量	根据3.1节所述，发动机仅为电池或电机进行供电	拓展发动机用途，将发动机作为驱动轮动力输出端
15	动态性	使物体或其环境在操作的每一个阶段自动调整，以达到优化的性能	拖拉机作业负载波动大，频繁调整挡位将造成动力损失	合理匹配电机与发动机输出动力，保证经济性和动力性
33	同质性	采用相同或相似的物体制造与某物体相互作用的物体	动力源仅驱动后轮，且动力不足	利用前轮优势，将前桥从动轮改为驱动轮

序号	原理	有价值内容详解	对应难点	技术手段
3	局部质量	使组成物体的每一部分都最大限度地发挥作用	换挡过程中后轮驱动动力短暂中断，易造成二次启动困难	充分发挥驱动前桥的作用，利用前桥的驱动力进行换挡动力补偿
15	动态化	使物体或其环境在操作的每一个阶段自动调整，以达到优化的性能	拖拉机作业负载大部分情况下非定值，频繁地调整挡位会造成换挡动力损失	合理匹配电机与发动机输出动力，保证经济性和动力性
33	同质性	采用相同或相似的物体制造与某物体相互作用的物体	动力源仅驱动后轮，且动力不足	利用前轮优势，将前轮从动轮改为驱动轮

改善的通用工程参数	恶化的通用工程参数
改善的通用工程参数	26物质或事物的数量	32可制造性
22能量损失	7嵌套 18机械振动 25自服务	—
31物体产生的有害因素	3局部质量 24中介物 39惰性环境 1分割	—
39生产率	35物理/化学参数变化 38加速氧化	35物理/化学参数变化 28机械系统的替代 2抽取 24中介物