混合交通流环境下车辆编队与碳排放特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240775

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对混合交通流中传统模型难以精准刻画车队动态演化与人工驾驶车辆（HDV）异质行为交互的问题，提出了一种融合离散运动规则与动态编队演化的混合交通流建模框架。首先，设计离散运动安全距离模型，通过元胞间距整数决策规则解决连续加速度建模的失真问题；其次，构建基于马尔可夫链的车队规模转移概率矩阵，动态表征车队分裂、合并与重组过程；最后，基于多场景仿真数据量化队内车间距、反应时间、换道行为及车队规模对CO?排放的影响机制。结果表明：当智能网联车辆（CAV）渗透率>0.6时，编队模式才能有效改善混合交通流的运行状态，并显著降低CO?排放，降幅达18.2%~25.1%；优化队内车间距可提升减排效率，减排峰值高达42.5%；换道策略需适配交通密度，低密度下提升HDV换道概率可实现碳减排，而高密度时CAV换道概率需控制在0.4~0.6；3~5辆编队规模为减排效率最优区间。本文揭示了队列动态参数对碳排放的作用机制，为智能网联车队协同控制策略优化及低碳交通系统设计提供了理论支撑。

关键词: 交通运输系统工程, 混合交通流, 车辆队列, 离散运动规则, 动态演化, 碳排放

Abstract:

To address the limitations of traditional models in accurately characterizing the dynamic evolution of vehicle platoons and interactions with heterogeneous behaviors of human-driven vehicles （HDV） in mixed traffic flows， this paper proposes a hybrid traffic flow modeling framework integrating discrete motion rules and dynamic platoon evolution. First， a discrete motion safety distance model is developed to resolve the distortion problem in continuous acceleration modeling by introducing integer decision rules based on cellular spacing. Second， a platoon size transition probability matrix is constructed using Markov chains to dynamically characterize the splitting， merging， and reorganization processes of platoons. Finally， multi-scenario simulation data are employed to quantify the impact mechanisms of intra-platoon spacing， reaction time， lane-changing behavior， and platoon size on CO? emissions. The results indicate that： When the CAV penetration rate exceeds 0.6， platoon mode can effectively improve the operational state of mixed traffic flow， and significantly reduces CO? emissions， with a reduction range of 18.2% to 25.1%； Optimizing intra-platoon spacing achieves a peak emission reduction of 42.5%； Lane-changing strategies must adapt to traffic density—enhancing HDV lane-changing probability under low density can achieve carbon emission reductions， while restricting CAV lane-changing probability to 0.4~0.6 under high density； Platoon sizes of 3~5 vehicles demonstrate optimal emission reduction efficiency. This paper reveals the mechanism of queue dynamic parameters on carbon emissions， and provides theoretical support for the optimization of intelligent connected fleet cooperative control strategies and the design of low-carbon transportation systems.

Key words: engineering of communication and transportation system, mixed traffic flow, vehicle platoon, discrete movement rules, dynamic evolution, carbon emissions

中图分类号:

U491

张文会,叶梅茹,席聪,宋子文. 混合交通流环境下车辆编队与碳排放特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(2): 416-430.

Wen-hui ZHANG,Mei-ru YE,Cong XI,Zi-wen SONG. Vehicle formation and carbon emission characteristics in mixed traffic flow environment[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(2): 416-430.

图/表 16

图1

表1

仿真参数值"

参数	符号	数值
车身长度/m	$l n + 1$	5
最大速度/（m·s^-1）	$v m a x$	33
队内车间距/m	$d C A C C$	3
最大车队规模/辆	$Z$	6
期望加速度/（m·s^-2）	$a$	3
制动减速度/（m·s^-2）	$b$	5
HDV反应时间/s	$τ H D V$	1.4
CAV反应时间/s	$τ C A V$	0.5

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表2

CO2排放的相关系数Ki,je(K'i,je) (mL·s-1)"

$K i, j e (K' i, j e)$		$j = 0$	$j = 1$	$j = 2$	$j = 3$
$a ≥ 0$	$i = 0$	6.916	0.217	2.345×10⁴	-3.639×10⁴
	$i = 1$	0.027 54	0.968×10²	-0.175×10²	8.35×10⁵
	$i = 2$	-2.070×10⁴	-1.013 8×10⁴	1.966×10⁵	-1.02×10⁶
	$i = 3$	9.80×10⁷	3.66×10⁷	-1.08×10⁷	8.50×10⁹
$a < 0$	$i = 0$	6.915	-0.032	-9.17×10³	-2.886×10⁴
	$i = 1$	0.028 4	8.53×10³	1.15×10³	-3.06×10⁶
	$i = 2$	-2.266×10⁴	-6.594×10⁵	-1.289×10⁵	-2.68×10⁷
	$i = 3$	1.11×10⁶	3.20×10⁷	7.56×10⁸	2.95×10⁹

表2

图7

表3

图8

表4

表5

图9

图10

图11

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CAV 渗透率	CO₂排放总量/（L·km^-1）		下降比例/%
CAV 渗透率	离散模式	编队模式	下降比例/%
0.2	0.360 2	0.329 8	8.4
0.4	0.324 5	0.285 6	12.0
0.6	0.267 6	0.218 8	18.2
0.8	0.190 3	0.142 5	25.1

密度/ （辆·km^-1）	CO₂排放降低百分比/%
密度/ （辆·km^-1）	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6
10	0.02	0.03	0.07	0.07	0.23	0.43
20	0.05	0.15	0.48	0.34	0.67	0.81
30	-1.40	-3.66	-2.54	-1.53	-2.82	-4.94
40	-0.20	0.10	-0.58	-0.41	-0.70	-1.83
50	0.02	0.37	0.50	0.42	0.32	-0.43
60	0.05	-0.01	0.10	-0.20	-0.15	-0.32
70	-0.03	-0.55	-0.80	-0.46	-1.18	-0.80
80	-0.06	-0.15	-0.38	-0.17	-0.58	-0.27

密度/ （辆·km^-1）	CO₂排放降低百分比/%
密度/ （辆·km^-1）	0.1	0.2	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.6
10	0.02	0.07	-0.07	0.01	0.01	0.03
20	-4.24	-1.34	-2.36	-3.07	-11.82	-1.76
30	-4.15	-5.30	-4.99	-5.07	-7.66	-4.54
40	-5.67	-2.79	-1.81	-4.79	-4.90	-2.25
50	-2.29	-1.57	-2.50	-3.15	-3.95	-3.46
60	-2.38	-1.98	-2.35	-2.71	-2.33	-2.32
70	0.05	-0.15	0.09	0.28	0.51	0.76
80	0.62	0.06	0.84	1.34	1.67	1.45