质子交换膜燃料电池运行工况参数敏感性分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20220355

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

建立了一维瞬态多相流燃料电池机理模型和全局敏感性分析模型，研究了运行温度、气体压强、化学计量比以及相对湿度对输出性能的影响规律和影响程度。结果表明：高功率负荷条件下，运行温度的变化会造成更明显的性能波动；提高进气压强和化学计量比能够增强输出性能；相对湿度过低产生的“膜干”现象在低电流密度区域更加明显；经过敏感性量化分析，本文将9类工况参数划分为高敏感、较敏感和不敏感参数；随着电流密度的增大，阴极进气化学计量比、阴阳极进气湿度的敏感性较大且整体呈上升趋势。

关键词: 动力工程及工程热物理, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 运行工况参数, 瞬态机理模型, 全局敏感性分析

Abstract:

A one-dimensional transient multiphase fuel cell model and a global sensitivity analysis model were established to investigate the effects of operating temperature， relative humidity， stoichiometry， and pressure on output performances. The result shows that the variation of operating temperature leads to more significant performance fluctuations at high load conditions. Increasing gas pressure and stoichiometry is beneficial to performance enhancement. The membrane dehydration phenomena caused by low relative humidity becomes more severe in small current density regions. Based on the quantitative sensitivity analysis， the nine operating parameters are classified as very sensitive， rather sensitive， and not sensitive parameter. With current density rising， cathode stoichiometry， anode inlet relative humidity， and cathode inlet relative humidity are more sensitive， which also show a typically upward trend.

Key words: power engineering and engineering thermophysics, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, operating parameter, transient mechanism model, global sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

TM911.42

杨子荣,李岩,冀雪峰,刘芳,郝冬. 质子交换膜燃料电池运行工况参数敏感性分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(9): 1971-1981.

Zi-rong YANG,Yan LI,Xue-feng JI,Fang LIU,Dong HAO. Sensitivity analysis of operating parameters for proton exchange membrane fuel cells[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(9): 1971-1981.

图/表 14

表1

表2

模型控制方程"

方程	计算表达式	求解域
膜态水守恒方程	$ρ P E M E W ? ω λ ? t = ρ P E M E W ? ? D m w e f f ? ? λ + S m w$	质子交换膜、催化层
液态水守恒方程	$? ε ρ l q s l q ? t = ? ? ρ l q K l q μ l q ? ? p l + S l q$	催化层、扩散层、微孔层
气体守恒方程	$? ? t ε 1 - s l q ρ g Y i = ? ? ρ g D i e f f ? Y i + S i, ?? i n ?? C L, M P L, G D L ? ? t ρ g Y i + ? ? ρ g u g Y i = S i, ??? i n C H$	催化层、扩散层、微孔层、流道
能量守恒方程	$? ? t ρ c p f l, s l e f f T = ? ? k f l, s l e f f ? ? T + S T$	整个燃料电池区域
输出电压	$V o u t = V n e r n s t - V a c t - V o h m i c - V c o n c$ $V n e r n s t = Δ G 2 F + Δ S 2 F T - T r e f + R T 2 F l n P H 2 P r e f, a + 12 l n P O 2 P r e f, c$	-

表2

图1

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

表5

图8

图9

参考文献 33

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参数	数值	单位
有效反应面积	25	cm²
质子交换膜、催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层、流道、极板的厚度	0.025，0.01，0.03，0.2，1，2	mm
质子交换膜、催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层、极板的密度	1980，1000，1000，1000，1000	kg·m^-3
质子交换膜、催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层、极板的比热容	833，3300，568，2000，1580	J/（kg·K）
质子交换膜、催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层、极板的热导率	0.95，1.0，1.0，1.0，20	W/（m·K）
催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层、极板的电导率	3000，3000，3000，5000	S/m
催化层中聚合物的体积分数	0.45	-
催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层的接触角	100，120，120	°
催化层、微孔层、气体扩散层的孔隙率	0.3，0.4，0.7	-
环境对流传热系数	20	W/（m²·K）
进气化学计量比	1.5	-
进气压强	151 988	Pa
运行温度	80	℃
进气相对湿度	0.8	-
进气温度	80	℃

工况	温度/℃	压强/Pa	化学计量比	相对湿度
1	80	151 988	1.5	0.8
2	90	151 988	1.5	0.8
3	70	151 988	1.5	0.8
4	60	151 988	1.5	0.8
5	80	121 590	1.5	0.8
6	80	202 650	1.5	0.8
7	80	253 312	1.5	0.8
8	80	151 988	1.3	0.8
9	80	151 988	2.0	0.8
10	80	151 988	2.5	0.8
11	80	151 988	1.5	0.2
12	80	151 988	1.5	0.3
13	80	151 988	1.5	0.4
14	80	151 988	1.5	0.6
15	80	151 988	1.5	1.0

参数	符号	取值
燃料电池运行温度/℃	T_cell	60~80
阳极进气温度/℃	T_in，a	60~80
阴极进气温度/℃	T_in，c	60~80
阳极进气湿度	RH_a	0.1~1.0
阴极进气湿度	RH_c	0.1~1.0
阳极进气化学计量比	ST_a	1.0~3.0
阴极进气化学计量比	ST_c	1.0~3.0
阳极进气压强/Pa	P_a	101 325~303 975
阴极进气压强/Pa	P_c	101 325~303 975

分类	运行工况参数
高敏感参数	ST_c、RH_a、RH_c
较敏感参数	P_c、P_a、ST_a
不敏感参数	T_cell、T_in，a、T_in，c

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