吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 1-20.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240564

• 综述 •    下一篇

烧结铝矾土骨料在土木工程中的研究及应用进展

刘亚林1(),李承泽1,李淑2,魏亚3()   

  1. 1.北京科技大学 国家材料服役安全科学中心，北京 102206
    2.中铁十四局集团建筑工程有限公司，济南 250200
    3.清华大学 土木工程系，北京 100084
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 魏亚 E-mail:yalinau@ustb.edu.cn;yawei@tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:刘亚林（1989-），女，副研究员.博士.研究方向：超高性能混凝土材料与应用. E-mail：yalinau@ustb.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(52438008)

Research and application progress of calcined bauxite aggregates in civil engineering

Ya-lin LIU1(),Cheng-ze LI1,Shu LI2,Ya WEI3()   

  1. 1.National Center for Materials Service Safety，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 102206，China
    2.China Railway 14th Bureau Construction Engineering Corporation Limited，Jinan 250200，China
    3.Department of Civil Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China
  • Received:2024-05-22 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Ya WEI E-mail:yalinau@ustb.edu.cn;yawei@tsinghua.edu.cn

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摘要：

本文介绍了烧结铝矾土（CB）骨料的制备工艺、产品分级、物理及力学性能等，并全面回顾和总结国内外学者对CB骨料在制备超高性能混凝土（UHPC）、改善UHPC力学和体积稳定性、提升道路表面耐磨性、抗滑性能以及在制备抗冲击水泥基材料等方面的研究成果和最新进展，并系统阐释了CB骨料对材料各项性能的影响机理。本文结果表明：①CB骨料主要由高强且化学性能稳定的刚玉和莫来石构成，其力学性能（强度、硬度、耐磨性等）显著优于花岗岩、石灰岩等常规骨料；②较低氧化铝含量的CB骨料孔隙率较高，适合作为内养护介质以有效降低UHPC收缩及开裂风险，CB骨料自身高强度及内养护对水化程度的促进，共同提升UHPC力学性能；③高氧化铝含量的CB骨料（>80%）以其更高硬度及耐磨物理力学性能特点适合制备特殊路面表层，可显著提升道路初始及长期耐磨、抗滑性能，形成的一种高耐磨表面处理技术（HFST），已在国外已广泛应用；④CB骨料高强及高硬度特性可有效磨损冲击弹丸端头或吸收更高的冲击破坏能量，从而显著提高水泥基材料的抗冲击性能。

关键词: 烧结铝矾土骨料, 超高性能混凝土, 高耐磨表面处理, 抗滑性能, 抗冲击水泥基材料

Abstract:

This study introduces the preparation process， product classification， physical and mechanical properties of calcined bauxite（CB） aggregate， and comprehensively reviews and summarizes the achievements and progress of worldwide researches on CB aggregate in the preparation of ultra-high performance concrete（UHPC）， improving the mechanical properties and volume stability of UHPCs， improving the abrasion and skid resistance of pavement， and preparing impact resistant cement-based materials the influence mechanism of CB aggregate on the properties of the materials is explained systematically. The results show that： ①CB aggregate is mainly composed of high strength and chemical-stable corundum and mullite， and its mechanical properties（strength， hardness， wear resistance） are significantly better than those of granite， limestone and other conventional aggregates. ②CB aggregate with lower alumina content has higher porosity， which is suitable for serving as internal curing agent to effectively reduce UHPC's shrinkage and cracking risk； the high strength of CB aggregate and the promotion of hydration degree due to internal curing jointly improve the mechanical properties of UHPC. ③CB aggregate with high alumina content（>80%） is suitable for the preparation of special road surface due to the aggregate's special properties of high hardness and high wear resistance， which can significantly improve the initial and long-term abrasion and skid resistance of the pavement， a thereby developed technology named as high friction surface treatment（HFST） has been widely used in foreign countries. ④The high strength and hardness characteristics of CB aggregate can effectively wear the impact projectile end or absorb higher impact damage energy， thus significantly improving the impact resistance of cement composites.

Key words: calcined bauxite aggregate, ultra-high-performance concrete, high friction surface treatment, skid-resistance, impact resistant cement-based materials

中图分类号: 

  • TU528

图1

CB骨料生产过程及多种骨料示意图"

图2

CB骨料宏观、细观、微观形貌"

表1

各品级CB骨料价格"

CB骨料品级价格/（元·吨-1）
50#680
60#820
70#1 300
80#1 800
85#2 300~2 600
87#2900
88#3 000~3 150
90#3 600

表2

CB骨料与常规骨料多项性能对比"

骨料特性CB骨料常规骨料
密度/（g·cm-3）2.55~3.20（50#~88#）［7］2.64~3.3（玄武岩、石英岩、花岗岩）
弹性模量/GPa207（75#）［15］70~90［18］（花岗岩、玄武岩等）
莫氏硬度8~9（80#）［19］3~7（玄武岩、花岗岩）［20］
洛氏硬度51.6（80#）［19］21.1（玄武岩）［20］
磨光值/PSV45.7（75#）、55.7（85#）［10］43.7（玄武岩）［10］
洛杉矶磨耗损失率/（LAA， %）20.6（75#）［10］、9.5（80#）［21］、10.6（88#）［10］12.9（玄武岩）［10］
压碎值/%22.6（75#）［10］、8（80#）［19］、7.74（88#）［10］11.5（玄武岩）［10］、32.7（花岗岩）［19］
抗滑值/PTV79（80#）［22］59（花岗岩）、73（砂岩）［22］

表3

CB骨料特殊性能指标及其他专有名词解释"

名 称

简称（英文

全称）

解 释
CB骨料品级见表1，如60#、80#标注CB骨料中的Al2O3含量，若文中未标注则表示原文没有提及CB骨料品级
压碎值Crushing value指骨料在逐渐增加的荷载下抵抗压碎的能力，数值越低，抗压碎能力越强
洛杉矶磨耗损失率LAA（Los Angeles abrasion）衡量标准级配骨料在磨损、冲击和研磨的综合作用下退化程度的指标。数值越低，骨料抵抗磨损能力越强
磨光值PSV（Polished stone value）反映骨料抵抗轮胎磨光作用能力的指标。数值越高，耐磨性越好
抗滑值PTV（Pendulum test value）用于测量路面抗滑性的摆锤试验值。数值越高，含有这种材料的路面抗滑性越强
微德瓦尔损失MDL（Micro deval loss）使用微型德瓦尔仪器测试得到细骨料耐磨性。数值越低，耐磨性能越强
摆值BPN（British pendulum number）摆式仪测试的滑溜块与被测不同物体表面之间的摩擦因数，扩大了100倍后的数值。反映路面抗滑性能，数值越高，抗滑能力越强
动稳定度DS（Dynamic stability）用于表征沥青混合料的高温稳定性，数值越高，路面高温抗车辙性能越好
内养护IC（Internal curing）在混凝土中引入储水介质，如多孔骨料、高吸水性树脂等，为水化过程提供水分
骨料/集料Aggregate在建筑工程领域称作骨料，在道路工程领域称作集料，本文统一用骨料一词

图3

不同CB骨料性能"

图4

不同品级CB骨料性能"

图5

CB骨料对UHPC抗压强度的影响"

图6

CB骨料对UHPC自收缩的影响"

图7

约束状态下UHPC收缩试验"

图8

CB骨料内养护作用机理解释图"

图9

CB骨料对UHPC力学性能提升的机理解释图"

图10

含CB骨料的UHPC与普通混凝土抗碳化性能对比"

表4

含CB骨料的UHPC与普通混凝土耐久性试验结果对比"

混凝土类型孔隙率（体积的百分比）氯化物迁移系数DRCM值/（m2·s-1）

表面剥落值/

（kg·m-2）

含CB骨料［33］2.4%~3.7%0.11·10-120.04
普通或高性能12%~15%1~10·10-121.5~ 6

图11

UHPC桥面铺装层结构有限元模型"

图12

混凝土桥面含CB骨料的UHPC桥面铺装层施工过程"

图13

HFST取芯样本及实物"

图14

美国各州铺设HFST情况（来源：FHWA）"

表5

美国铺设HFST后交通事故减少率举例"

地区（州）数量总交通事故减少率湿滑天气交通事故减少率备注
宾夕法尼亚州47处弯道70%87%3~5年的事故前后数据
肯塔基州43处弯道和斜坡

73%（弯道）

78%（斜坡）

86%（弯道）

85%（斜坡）

铺设HFST前3年数据及铺设1~4年后数据
佛罗里达州急弯道44%84%—

图15

国内外HFST应用场景"

图16

含不同骨料沥青混合料动态摩擦因数随磨损周期的变化（速度60 km/h）"

图17

CB骨料耐磨性测试"

图18

石灰岩及CB骨料抛光前后表面SEM图及微观纹理图"

图19

骨料普通磨光及不同骨料差异磨光示意图"

图20

长寿命高耐磨水泥路面层（HPCM）"

图21

弹丸冲击试验示意图"

图22

冲击不同试块后的弹丸"

图23

无骨料、含硅质砂或含细CB骨料水泥基材料冲击破坏对比图"

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