Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2019, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (3): 757-765.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20171082

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Simulation of vehicle braking performance on rainy daysbased on pavement surface fractal friction theory

Xiao⁃ming HUANG1(),Qing⁃qing CAO1,Xiu⁃yu LIU1,Jia⁃ying CHEN1,Xing⁃lin ZHOU2   

  1. 1. School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
    2. School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
  • Received:2017-11-09 Online:2019-05-01 Published:2019-07-12

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Abstract:

To investigate vehicle braking performance on wet asphalt pavement, a method was developed to simulate the vehicle braking process on rainy days considering rubber?pavement friction and water film hydrodynamic force. Firstly, the pavement surface fractal friction theory was applied to calculate the rubber?pavement kinetic friction coefficient based on pavement surface power spectrum and rubber complex modulus. Secondly, a finite element tire hydroplaning model was constructed to determine the tire?water film?pavement interaction force with different vehicle velocity and water film thickness. Based on these, a full vehicle dynamic model was constructed to evaluate the vehicle braking performance on wet straight road and curved road, and vehicle anti?lock braking mechanism was analyzed. Research results show that the rubber?pavement kinetic friction coefficient declines by 13%~34% when pavement becomes wet. In the tire hydroplaning process, tire-pavement contact force rises and water uplifting force drops with the increase in vehicle velocity and water film thickness. The lower vehicle velocity, the smaller water film thickness and the equipment of anti-lock braking system are useful in reducing vehicle braking distance. Compared with critical tire hydroplaning speed, the full vehicle model is superior in coinciding with the actual situation in evaluating vehicle driving performance on wet pavement.

Key words: road engineering, vehicle braking performance, pavement surface fractal friction theory, tire?pavement grip behavior, anti?lock braking, tire hydroplaning

CLC Number: 

  • U416.217

Fig.1

Schematic diagram of rubber?pavement friction mechanism"

Fig.2

Pavement surface topography through optical scanning"

Fig.3

Dry and wet pavement surface power spectrum"

Fig.4

Rubber complex modulus"

Fig.5

Kinetic friction coefficient of dry and wet pavement"

Fig.6

Components of finite element model"

Table1

Parameters of tire hydroplaning finite"

参 数取值
轮胎型号170?70?R15
轮胎单元数量734156
轮胎花纹纵横向花纹
轮胎轴载/N3922
充气压力/kPa240
水膜模型尺寸/mm320×390×80
水膜单元数量381420
水膜厚度/mm10
路面MPD值/mm0.65
轮胎滑移率/%17.5

Fig.7

Tire contact force on dry and wet road"

Fig.8

Tire?water film?pavement contact force"

Table 2

Parameters of full vehicle dynamic model"

参 数取值
长宽高/mm3350×1739×1378
质心高度/mm540
质心到前轴距离/mm1015
质心到后轴距离/mm1795
左右轮距/mm1540
簧上质量/kg1270
整车质量/kg1422
X轴回转半径/m0.650
Y轴回转半径/m1.100
Z轴回转半径/m1.100
轮胎转动惯量/(kg·mm2)0.9
车辆侧倾惯量Ixx/(kg·m2)536.6
车辆俯仰惯量Iyy/(kg·m2)1536.7
车辆偏航惯量Izz/(kg·m2)1536.7

Fig.9

ABS braking mechanism"

Fig.10

Carsim/Simulink co?simulation"

Fig.11

Vehicle velocity and braking distance in"

Fig.12

Vehicle braking distance on straight road"

Fig.13

Vehicle braking performance on curve"

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