Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 749-757.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20181022

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Design and experiment on harvester for winter planting potato of straw coverage

Xue-shen CHEN1(),Tao CHEN1,Tao WU1,Xu MA1,2(),Ling-chao ZENG1,Lin-tao CHEN1   

  1. 1.College of Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Key Technology on Agricultural Machine and Equipment(South China Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510642, China
  • Received:2018-10-11 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-03-08
  • Contact: Xu MA E-mail:chenxs@scau.edu.cn;maxu1959@scau.edu.cn

Abstract:

To increase the soil temperature to ensure that the production of potato, the straw was used to cover the soil when planting potato in the south of China in winter. When the straw-covered winter potato is harvested, there exist several problems such as big digging resistance, easy blocking, difficult separation of straw, and low excavation rate and high injury rate of potato. In order to solve these problems, a harvester for winter planting potato with a straw separation device is developed. The harvester is composed of divided shovel, rod elevating chain, straw separating mechanism and oscillating screen which can finish potato digging, separate potato from soil and straws , orderly placement of potato in one step. This article described the main structure and working principle of the machine. In addition , according to theorem of vector projection, kinetic energy and kinematics, the structure of key parts were designed and the parameters were determined. To evaluate the performance of the harvester, field experiment was carried out, in which the obvious rate of potato, injury rate of potato and reliability were taken as the indexes and the machine forward speed, tilt angle of sieve plate and number of lifting lever were taken as the factors. The multi-objective optimization method was adopted to analyze the experimental data. The results show that when the machine forward speed was 0.4 m?s -1, working finger speed was 3 m?s -1, and the number of working pole was 6, the obvious rate of potato was 99.5%, injury rate of potato was 4.2%, the reliability was 80.4%. The comprehensive performance index was better and meet the using requirements of potato harvester.

Key words: agricultural machinery engineering, harvesting equipment, potato, straw, multi-objective optimization

CLC Number: 

  • S224.1

Fig.1

Structure diagram of harvester for winter planting potato with straw coverage"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of transmission system"

Table 1

Main technical parameters of harvester for winter planting potato with straw coverage"

参数设计数值
外形尺寸/( mm×mm×mm2920×1500×1270
整机质量/kg528
配套动力/kW≥29.8
作业幅度/ mm1 000
挖掘深度(可调)/mm150~300
工作生产效率/ (hm2·h-1)0.2~0.3
栅板倾角/(°)12
拨指速度(可调)/ (m·s-1)2~6
拨杆数量(可调)/根4~8

Fig.3

Straw separation mechanism"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of straw conveyor"

Fig.5

Schematic diagram of straw motion in separation mechanism"

Fig.6

Straw force analysis in different stages"

Fig.7

Compound and finger movement decomposition"

Fig.8

Field harvest experiment of harvester for winter planting potato with straw coverage"

Table 2

Factors and levels of test"

水平作业速度 A/ (m·s-1)拨指速度 B/ (m·s-1)拨杆数量C/根
10.624
20.836
31.048

Table 3

Results of orthogonal experiment"

试验号作业速度 A/( m·s-1拨指速度 B/( m·s-1拨杆数量 C/根 明薯率 X/% 伤薯率 Y/% 薯草分离率 Z/% 综合加权评分
11(0.6)1(2)1(4)97.22.167.30.71
212(3)2(6)99.54.280.40.85
313(4)3(8)96.75.783.70.71
42(0.8)1295.54.478.60.67
522396.96.782.20.64
623193.63.870.40.53
73(1.0)1391.88.472.80.25
832192.35.256.70.24
933290.55.571.10.33

Table 4

Analysis of experiment results"

分析项明薯率 X/% 伤薯率 Y/% 薯草分离率 Z/%
作业速度 A拨指速度 B拨杆数量 C作业速度 A拨指速度 B拨杆数量 C作业速度 A拨指速度 B拨杆数量 C
主次因素ABCCABCAB
k197.8094.8394.374.004.973.7077.1372.9064.80
k295.3396.2395.174.975.374.7077.0773.1076.70
k391.5393.6095.136.375.006.9766.8775.0779.57
R6.272.630.802.370.403.2710.262.1714.77

Table 5

Variance analysis of performance indexes"

变异来源3类方差自由度平均偏差平和F显著性 P
校正模型0.398 a60.066192.5160.005
截距2.70112.7017 840.2900.000
A0.37020.185536.7420.002
B0.00420.0026.3230.137
C0.02420.01234.4840.028
Error0.00120.000
Total3.0999
Corrected Total0.3998
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