胡芦巴中皂苷、黄酮和多糖组分不同配伍对1型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587x.20160608

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的：探讨胡芦巴中皂苷、黄酮和多糖组分配伍给药对1型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用，研究胡芦巴3种组分降血糖的最佳配伍比例。方法：从胡芦巴中提取皂苷、黄酮和多糖，采用柱分离色谱和水提醇沉法得到3种纯化组分；利用均匀设计法及3种组分在胡芦巴中比例确定配伍比例及分组，分别为低剂量多糖配伍组（多糖：皂苷：黄酮=3：6：1）、中剂量多糖配伍组（多糖：皂苷：黄酮=12：8：1）和高剂量多糖配伍组（多糖：皂苷：黄酮=10：4：1）。采用链脲佐菌素（STZ ）诱导1型糖尿病大鼠模型，35只造模成功的大鼠随机分为模型组（9只）、阳性药组（7只）及低、中、高剂量多糖配伍组（分别为7、6和7只），同时设正常对照组（11只）。正常对照组和模型组大鼠给予10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1纯净水，阳性药组大鼠给予0.018 g·kg^-1·d^-1盐酸二甲双胍，各剂量多糖配伍组大鼠按照比例给予0.45 g·kg^-1·d^-1胡芦巴组分，共灌胃28 d。观察各组大鼠空腹血糖（FBG）水平，测定大鼠尿液中尿蛋白及血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）和晚期糖基化终末产物（AGEs）水平。HE染巴观察大鼠胰腺和肾脏组织形态表现。结果：与正常对照组比较，模型组大鼠FBG、尿蛋白、TG、TC和AGEs水平明显升高（P<0.01）。与模型组比较，各剂量多糖配伍组和阳性药组大鼠FBG水平逐渐降低，给药28 d后明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01），尿蛋白、TG、TC和AGEs水平明显降低（P<0.01）；其中低剂量多糖配伍组大鼠FBG、尿蛋白、TG、TC和AGEs水平降低最明显。与模型组比较，各剂量多糖配伍组和阳性药组大鼠胰腺与肾脏损伤组织均有改善。结论：胡芦巴组分多糖：皂苷：黄酮=3：6：1的配伍比例能更好地调节1型糖尿病大鼠的血糖，保护大鼠的胰腺与肾脏组织。

关键词: 胡芦巴, 糖尿病, 皂苷, 黄酮, 多糖, 组分配伍

Abstract:

Objective: To discuss the hypoglycemic effects of saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides of fenugreek with different component compatibilities on the type 1 diabetic rats,and to study the optimal compatibility proportion of three kinds of components in reducing the blood glucose level.Methods: The saponins, flavonoids,and polysaccharides were extracted from the fenugreek and then they were separated and purified by column chromatography and decoction and alcohol sedimentation technique, respectively. The compatibility proportion of polysaccharides, flavonoids and saponins as well as the grouping were determined by uniform design method and the ratioes of three kinds of components to fenugreek. The administration groups were divided into low dose of polysaccharides compatibility group (polysaccharides:saponins:flavonoids 3:6:1), middle dose of polysaccharides compatibility group (polysaccharides:saponins:flavonoids 12:8:1),and high dose of polysaccharides compatibility group (polysaccharides:saponins:flavonoids 10:4:1). A total of 35 type 1 diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin(STZ) were divided into model control group (n=9), positive drug group (n=7) and low (n=6), middle(n=6), and high(n=7) doses of polysaccharides compatibility groups, respectively. Normal control group (n=11) was set up at the same time. The rats in normal control group and model control group were given pure water with the dose of 10 mL·kg^-1·d^-1. The metformin hydrochloride was administrated to the rats in positive drug group wtih the dose of 0.018 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The components of fenugreek were given to the rats in three doses of polysaccharides compatibility groups by the proportion mentioned above by intragastric administration for 28 d with the dose of 0.45 g·kg^-1·d^-1. The levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), urinary protein in urine,serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol(TC), and advanced glycation endproducts(AGEs) in the rats were determined. The morphology of pancreas and kidney tissues of the rats were observed by HE staining.Results: The levels of FBG, urinary protein,serum TG, TC, and AGEs of the rats in model group were increased significantly (P<0.01) compared with normal control group. The levels of FBG of the rats in three doses of polysaccharides compatibility groups and positive drug group were decreased gradually and were decreased significantly on the 28th day after administration (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) compared with model group; the levels of urinary protein,serum TG, TC, and AGEs were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The levels of urinary protein, TG, TC, and AGEs of the rats in low dose of polysaccharides compatibility group were decreased most significantly. The damage of pancreas and kidney tissues of rats in three doses of polysaccharides compatibility groups and positive drug group were improved compared with model group. Conclusion: The three components of fenugreek (polysaccharides:saponins:flavonoids) at the compatibility proportion of 3:6:1 can better regulate the blood glucose of type 1 diabetic rats and protect the pancreas and kidney tissues of rats.

Key words: component compatibility, fenugreek, saponins, flavonoids, diabetes mellitus, polysaccharides

中图分类号:

R587.1

汪佳琦, 姜文月, 张琳, 王君花, 赵芯, 王雨, 刘忠英. 胡芦巴中皂苷、黄酮和多糖组分不同配伍对1型糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2016, 42(06): 1081-1086.

WANG Jiaqi, JIANG Wenyue, ZHANG Lin, WANG Junhua, ZHAO Xin, WANG Yu, LIU Zhongying. Hypoglycemic effects of saponins, flavonoids, and polysaccharides of fenugreek with different component compatibilities on type 1 diabetic rats[J]. Journal of Jilin University Medicine Edition, 2016, 42(06): 1081-1086.

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