雪旺氏细胞迁移在外周神经损伤修复中作用的研究进展

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587X.20250431

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

外周神经损伤（PNI）是常见的神经损伤疾病。作为神经髓鞘最主要的组成细胞，雪旺氏细胞（SCs）在PNI后的修复中起重要作用。PNI后，SCs被激活，并快速迁移至损伤部位，与内皮细胞、细胞外基质（ECM）和成纤维细胞等组成连接远近残端的神经桥，为轴突的形成提供通道，引导轴突再生。SCs向受损神经部位快速迁移能力大小是影响神经桥形成的关键因素。ECM、神经营养因子（NT）、非编码RNA［特别是长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和微小RNA（miRNA）］及多种转录因子等，通过多种信号转导途径，参与SCs迁移能力的调控，进而影响外周神经损伤后的修复，但目前为止，尚无关于影响PNI中SCs迁移能力因素及其作用机制的系统研究。现从ECM、NT、非编码RNA和转录因子等方面系统综述PNI后影响SCs迁移能力的各种因素及其相关的信号转导通路，为系统理解SCs在PNI修复中的作用提供依据，为全面分析PNI后的修复机制提供参考。

关键词: 雪旺氏细胞, 细胞迁移, 外周神经损伤, 修复, 微小RNA, 长链非编码RNA

Abstract:

Peripheral nerve injury （PNI） is a common neurological disorder. As the primary constituent cells of the myelin sheath， Schwann cells （SCs） play a crucial role in the repairment process after PNI. After PNI， the SCs are activated and rapidly migrate to the injury site， forming a neural bridge that connects the proximal and distal stumps in conjunction with the endothelial cells， the extracellular matrix（ECM）， and the fibroblasts. This bridge provides a pathway for axonal regrowth and guides axonal regeneration. The ability of SCs to migrate quickly to the damaged nerve site is a key factor influencing the formation of the neural bridge. The ECM， NT， non-coding RNAs， particularly long non-coding RNAs （lncRNA） and microRNA （miRNA）， and various transcription factors regulate the migratory capacity of the SCs through multiple signaling pathways， thereby affecting the repair of PNI. However， to date， there has been no systematic study on the factors influencing the migration of SCs in PNI or their underlying mechanisms. This article comprehensively reviews the various factors affecting the migration of SCs after PNI， including the ECM， NT， non-coding RNAs， and transcription factors， as well as the related signaling pathways. It aims to provide the basis for systematically understanding the role of SCs in PNI repairment and to offer the reference for comprehensive analysis of the repairment mechanisms after PNI.

Key words: Schwann cells, Cell migration, Peripheral nerve injury, Repairment, MicroRNA, Long non-coding RNA

中图分类号:

R651.3

李文瑄,宗敏茹. 雪旺氏细胞迁移在外周神经损伤修复中作用的研究进展[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2025, 51(4): 1137-1144.

Wenxuan LI,Minru ZONG. Research progress in role of migration of Schwann cells in repairment of peripheral nerve injury[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2025, 51(4): 1137-1144.

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