关键词:  , 饮食习惯, 行为习惯, 社会经济状况, 自然绝经年龄, 影响因素

Abstract:

Objective To study the ages at natural menopause of the women in Jilin Province,and to illustrate its influencing factors among the women in Jilin Province.
Methods Through multistage stratified cluster random sampling method，23 050 people aged from 18 to 79 years were drew from nine states(a total of 32 areas) of Jilin province.The data of these residents were collected with the questionnaire and physical examinations by face-to-face interview.The number of selected female sample was 11 098.Finally,4 881 postmenopausal women  were selected.Complex weighted computation was used to estimate the ages at natural menopause.One-way ANOVA was used to compare the ages atnatural menopause of the women with different birth years.Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the influencing factors of the ages at natural menopause.Results The mean and median ages at natural menopause were　(49.11±4.19) years and 50.00 years, respectively.There were 4 881 cases of   postmenopausal women,among them  the women with age at natural menopause＜40 years,40 year≤age at natural menopause≤45 years,46 years≤ age at natural menopause≤53 years,age at natural menopause ≥54 years and age at natural menopause missing accounted for 2.27%(111 cases),13.17%(643 cases),71.97% (3 513 cases),11.74% (573 cases), and 0.85%（41 cases),respectively. Converted to birth years by age,70-79 years old was 1933-1942 birth years,60-69 years old was 1943-1952 birth years and 57-59 years old was 1953-1955 birth years.The age at natural menopause in Jilin province was statistically significant among the women with different birth years（F=21.178,P<0.001）.By SNK-q test among three different birth year groups,the age at natural menopause was different between any two groups among three different birth year groups and the ages at natural menopause of 1953-1955 birth year group,1943-1952 birth year group and 1943-1952 birth year group were  50.38 years,49.51 years and 48.81 years.The age at natural menopause in urban of Jilin province was statistically significant among the women with different birth years（F=16.633，P<0.001）.By SNK-q test among three different birth year groups,the age at natural menopause was different between any two groups among three different birth year groups and the ages at natural menopause of 1953-1955 birth year group,1943-1952 birth year group and 1943-1952 birth year group were  50.77 years,49.73 years, and 48.85 years,respectively.The age at natural menopause in rural of Jilin province was statistically significant among the women with different birth years（F=7.400，P=0.001）.By SNK-q test among three different birth year groups,the age at natural menopause was different between 1953-1955 birth year group and the other two groups and the ages at natural menopause of 1953-1955 birth year group,1943-1952 birth year group and 1943-1952 birth year group were  50.09 years,49.33 years, and 48.74 years,respectively.The multiple linear regression results indicated that BMI and exercise were positively correlated with the age at natural menopause,but smoking and mental health evaluation were negatively.Consumption frequency of vegetables, fruits, bean products, and meat was no correlated with the age at natural menopause.Conclusion The differences of the ages at natural menopause between the women with  different birth years are statistically significant in Jilin Province;BMI,smoking,exercise, and mental health are the influencing factors of the age at natural menopause.

Key words:  dietary habit, behavioral habit, socio-economic status, age at natural menopause, influencing factors