宿主和病毒的F-Box蛋白在病毒感染过程中作用的研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

F-Box蛋白家族是一类含有F-Box结构域的蛋白，与细胞S期激酶相关蛋白1（SKP1）、Cullin1、环框蛋白1（RBX1）共同形成SKP1-CUL1-F-Box（SCF）E3泛素连接酶复合物，该复合物介导底物发生泛素化修饰并经蛋白酶体途径降解。宿主F-Box蛋白在整个病毒感染周期中发挥关键作用。F-Box蛋白能够调控人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）和EB病毒（EBV）在内的多种RNA病毒和DNA病毒的复制，且调控机制均有所不同。在病毒进入宿主细胞后，宿主F-Box蛋白可以调控病毒复制过程中关键蛋白质的稳定性和降解，也可以增强病毒感染后宿主细胞的免疫应答，抑制病毒复制。部分F-Box蛋白能通过降解宿主限制因子、抑制病毒激活和干扰素信号通路等方式，协助病毒完成复制周期。病毒也可以通过编码含F-Box结构域的蛋白与宿主SKP1、Cullin1和RBX1蛋白结合，降解宿主因子促进自身复制。 F-Box 蛋白调控在病毒感染过程中发挥的作用差异较大，一种F-Box蛋白能够调控多种病毒的复制，一种病毒也能被多种F-Box蛋白所调控，现从宿主F-Box蛋白和病毒F-Box蛋白角度，对F-Box蛋白在病毒感染过程中的作用机制进行综述，探讨以F-Box蛋白作为靶点，开发新型抗病毒药物的意义和潜在价值。

关键词: F-Box蛋白, 病毒, 泛素蛋白酶体途径, S期激酶相关蛋白1, 环框蛋白1

Abstract:

The F-Box protein family is one kind of proteins containing the F-Box domain， which were together with S-phase kinase associated protein 1（SKP1）， Cullin1， and ring box protein 1（RBX1）， to form the SKP1-CUL1-F-Box（SCF） E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. This complex mediates substrate ubiquitination modification and subsequent degradation via the proteasome pathway. The host F-Box protein plays an important role during the whole viral infection. The F-Box protein can regulate the replication of various RNA virus and DNA virus such as human immunodeficiency virus（HIV） and epstein-barrvirus（EB）， and the regulation mechanisms are different. After the virus enters the host cell， the host F-Box protein can regulate the stability and degradation of the key proteins during virus replication， enhance the immune response of host cells after virus infection， and inhibit the virus replication. Some F-Box proteins can degrade the host restriction factors， inhibit the virus activation， interfere with the interferon signaling pathway， and assist the virus in completing the replication cycle. The viruses also promote their own replication by encoding proteins containing the F-Box domain to bind to host SKP1， Cullin1， and RBX1 proteins for degradation of host factors. There are significant differences in the role of F-Box protein regulation during virus infection. One F-Box protein can regulate the replication of multiple viruses， and one virus can also be regulated by multiple F-Box proteins. This study systematically reviews the role of F-Box proteins in the process of viral infection from the perspectives of host F-Box proteins and viral F-Box proteins， and further explores the significance and potential value of F-Box proteins as targets for developing novel antiviral drugs.

Key words: F-Box protein, Virus, Ubiquitin-Proteasome pathway, S-phase kinase-associated protein 1, Ring box protein 1

中图分类号:

R373

许明秀, 桓晨. 宿主和病毒的F-Box蛋白在病毒感染过程中作用的研究进展[J]. 吉林大学学报(医学版), 2024, (): 1-10.

Mingxiu XU, Chen HUAN. Research progress in role of host and viral F-Box proteins in process of viral infection[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2024, (): 1-10.

图/表 2

表1

宿主F-Box蛋白在病毒感染过程中的作用"

Virus classification	Virus	Host F-Box protein	Mechanism	Literature
RNA	HIV	FBXW1	Degradation of phosphorylated Vpu and inhibition of NF-κB activity; binds to phosphorylated Vpu, and degrades CD4, enhances BST-2 ubiquitination, inhibits p53 phosphorylation,and promotes T cell apoptosis. Degrade ICAM-1 and promote viral replication	[27,35-40]
		FBXO11	Inhibition of HIV-1 LTR activity and inhibition of latent HIV-1 activation	[20]
		FBXO1	Degradation of Vif protein through K48 linked ubiquitin chains, reducing infectivity of progeny virions	[23]
		FBXO34	Promotion of ubiquitination degradation of hnRNP U, enhance HIV translation, and keep it in an activated state	[43]
	VSV	FBXW7	Promotion of ubiquitination degradation of SHP2, destroy SHP2/c-Cbl complex that can degrade RIG-I, stabilize RIG-I, and increase antiviral response of host cells	[31]
	VSV	FBXO21	Promotion of polyubiquitination modification of ASK1 K29, enhance JNK and p38 signaling pathways, and promote production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and type Ⅰ interferon	[22]
	IAV	FBXW1	Decreasing of expression of NS1, thereby significantly reducing replication level of influenza virus	[28]
		FBXW7	Ubiquitination degrades SHP2 and inhibits influenza A virus replication	[30]
		FBXO45	Mediating the polyubiquitination of IFNLR1 and reducing its protein stability	[47]
		FBXO6	Interacting with NLRX1 to reduce host antiviral response to influenza virus	[46]
	PEDV	FBXW7	Inhibiting PEDV infection by enhancing expression of endogenous RIG-I and TBK1 and activating host interferon signaling pathway	[32]
	RVFV	FBXO3	NSs and FBXO3 are assembled into SCF complexes to degrade p62 and inhibit type Ⅰ interferon reaction	[45]
	RVFV	FBXW11，FBXW1	NSs recruit FBXW11 and FBXW1, degradation of PKR, disruption of PKR-mediated antiviral effects	[41-42]
	HTLV‐1	FBXO25	HBZ inhibits polyubiquitination of HAX-2 protein and promotes HAX-3 expression by inhibiting the binding of HAX-1 and FBXO25	[53]
DNA	HSV-1	FBXO2	HSV-1 infection promotes shuttling of NFB42 between cytosol and nucleus, FBXO2 interacts with UL9, this interaction mediates export of UL9 protein from the nucleus to the cytosol, leading to its ubiquitination and degradation via 26S proteasome	[33-34]
	EBV	FBXO2	Interacting and degrading glycoprotein gB, reducing EBV infectivity	[13]
	EBV	SKP2	3C recruits SKP2 to cyclinA complex to promote ubiquitination degradation of p27 and ubiquitination of EB protein	[51-52]
	HCV	FBXL2	NS5A protein forms complexes with IP3R3 and FBXL2, and promotes FBXL2 mediated degradation of IP3R3, promoting HBV infection	[44]
	KSHV	FBXW7	FBXW7 increases ubiquitination degradation of ICN, and LANA can compete with ICN to bind to FBXW7 and save degradation of ICN	[48]
	KSHV	SKP2	vIRF-3 binds to SKP2 ubiquitin ligase, stimulates ubiquitination and transcriptional activity of c-Myc, and promotes tumorigenesis	[49]
	Adenovirus	FBW7	E1A interacts with RR1/RBX1 to inhibit FBW7 ubiquitination, reduce endogenous FBW7 degradation, and promote cancer cell proliferation	[50]

表1

表2

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Virus classification	Viral F-Box protein	Mechanism	Literature
ECTV	EVM00，EVM00， EVM15，EVM165	Interacting with SKP1, Cullin1, and ROC1 to form SCF complexes, exercising ubiquitination function and inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β Stimulating IκB-a degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, inhibiting activation of NF- κB	[58-60]
VV	C9	Recognition of IFITs and degradation of IFITs through proteasome pathway affect antiviral activity of host	[54]
VV	vIRD	Promotion of RIPK3 ubiquitin degradation and promotion of viral replication	[55]
ORFV	ORF00，ORF12， ORF12，ORF128	Suppressing of degradation of p-IκBα protein, preventing nuclear translocation of p65, and inhibiting host activation of NF-κB signaling pathway	[61]
Megavirus	FNIP	Interacting with host Rap1B and Rap7A to form SCF complexes, promoting degradation of Rap1B and Rap7A	[56]
Baculovirus	LEF-7	Suppressing of key regions of phosphorylated H2AX, enhance release of late stage genes of virus, and increase virus replication	[57]

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