Abstract: Objective: To investigate the preventive effect of early intervention on the occurrence of other allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy, and to provide the reference for exploring the measures to prevent the occurrence of other allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy. Methods: A prospective study design was adopted in our study and 5 712 neonates born in our hospital from January 2017 to October 2017 were selected as the subjects. As of October 2018, a total of 274 infants with food allergy were diagnosed. They were divided into standard intervention group(n=134),standard intervention with probiotics addition group(n=69) and non-standard or non-intervention group(n=71) according to whether standard intervention was carried out and whether probiotics were added along with the intervention. Meanwhile, 187 infants without food allergies at the same period were selected as control group. The incidence of allergic diseases was recorded at 6 and 12 months after enrollment, and the percentages of eosinophil (EOS) and the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) levels in peripheral blood of the subjects in various groups were detected. Results: There were no significant differences in the age, gender and family environment among the four groups (P> 0.05).After 6 and 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of eczema, wheezing or persistent cough and asthma had significant differences among the four groups(P<0.01), and the incidence of the above allergic diseases in non-standard or non-intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.016 7). After 6 months of follow-up, there was no significant difference in the incidence of allergic rhinitis among the four groups (P>0.05); but after 12 months of follow-up, the incidence of allergic rhinitis in non-standard or non-intervention group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.016 7).After 12 months of follow-up, the differences in EOS percentage and TGF-β1 levels in peripheral blood were significantly different among the four groups(P<0.05). Compared with control group,the peripheral blood EOS percentage and the TGF-β1 level in non-standard or non-intervention group were significantly increased (P<0.05); compared with non-standard or non-intervention group, the EOS percentages and the TGF-β1 levels in peripheral blood in standard intervention group and standard intervention with probiotics addition group were decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion: Early intervention in the infants with food allergy can reduce the incidence of allergic diseases. Therefore, comprehensive prevention and treatment measures including the addition of probiotics should be adopted to block the process of allergic diseases in the infants with food allergy.

Key words: food allergy, dietary intervention, allergic disease, probiotics, infant