骨髓间充质干细胞对心肌样细胞分化诱导、心肌细胞保护及其心肌相关疾病作用的研究进展

doi:10.13481/j.1671-587X.20260131

Abstract

Abstract:

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Its pathological features include irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes （CMs）， cardiac fibrosis， and progressive decline in function. Although existing drug therapies and interventional measures can alleviate the symptoms， they hardly achieve effective regeneration of myocardium tissue， leaving clinical needs far from being met. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells （BMSCs）， as an important source of endogenous stem cells， possess characteristics such as proliferation and multidirectional differentiation. In vitro， the BMSCs can be directionally differentiated into the cardiomyocyte-like cells through methods such as chemical reagents， physical stimulation， cytokines， simulation of the myocardial microenvironment， and gene transfection. The differentiation of the BMSCs into the cardiomyocyte-like cells and the repair of damaged CMs primarily rely on their paracrine effects， which also involve the production of exosomes（Exo） via paracrine signaling. The Exo can carry cytokines， phospholipids， and various RNAs， such as microRNAs（miRNA）（miR-29b-3p/miR-125b） and long non-coding RNAs （lncRNAs）. They exert protective effects by regulating targets like a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 16 （ADAMTS16） and sirtuin 7 （SIRT7）， thereby inhibiting CMs apoptosis and alleviating myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory responses. Furthermore， BMSCs can act on regulatory T lymphocytes （Tregs） in vivo， stimulating them to produce repair factors and promoting macrophage polarization. They also participate in immune responses by modulating natural killer （NK） cells to influence autophagy， thereby mitigating myocardial inflammatory reactions. This article reviews the methods and related mechanisms for the directional differentiation of BMSCs into the cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro， as well as the protective effects of the BMSCs in CVD models such as diabetic cardiomyopathy （DCM）， myocardial infarction （MI）， and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI）. It aims to reveal their protective mechanisms on CMs and provide insights for clinical application.

Key words: Cardiovascular diseases, Cardiomyocytes, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Exosomes, Immune response

CLC Number:

R329

Huiying YANG,Weihong LIANG,Xinru XU,Haodan SUN,Xin JIAO,Haiping WANG. Research progress in effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation induction of cardiomyocyte-like cells, protection of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial-related diseases[J].Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2026, 52(1): 281-289.

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Research progress in effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on differentiation induction of cardiomyocyte-like cells, protection of cardiomyocytes, and myocardial-related diseases

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