Objective: To explore the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the ubiquitin-modified protein aggregation in the cortex after cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R) injury in the rats, and to further clarify the therapeutic mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in the cerebral I/R injury.Methods: The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was set up with suture method for 1.5 h of embolization. A total of 72 rats were divided into sham operation group, I/R model group,positive drug control (nimodipine) group, low, middle,and high doses(10, 20, and 40 mg·kg^-1) of ginsenoside Rg1 groups. All 12 rats in each group were given intraperitoneal injection. TTC staining and Longa's score method were used to detect the infarction areas and the neurological deficit scores of the rats in various groups 24 h after modeling. The death of neurons in the cortex and hippocampus after cerebral ischemia of the rats in various groups were observed with HE staining.Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method were used to detect the expression of ubiquitin-modified protein aggregation in the cortex of the rats in various groups.Results: Compared with I/R group, the percentages of infarction areas of the rats in nimodipine group and ginsenoside Rg1 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05). and the neurological deficit scores were decreased(P<0.05).The HE staining results showed that compared with sham operation group, the neurons in I/R model group were sparse, showing fragmentation and dissolution;compared with I/R model group, the phenomena of cell nucleus fragmentation, dissolution and powder staining in nimodipine group and different doses of ginsenoside Rg1 groups were all improved to different degrees. The immunohistochemical results showed that compared with sham operation group, the positive expression level of ubiquitin-modified protein in I/R model group was increased significantly(P<0.05); compared with I/R model group,the positive expression levels of ubiquitin-modified protein in nimodipine group and different doses of ginsenoside Rg1 groups were decreased (P<0.05),especially in high dose of ginsenoside Rg1 group (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with sham operation group, the level of ubiquitin-modified protein aggregates in I/R model group was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with I/R model group, the levels of ubiquitin-modified protein aggregates in nimodipine group and different doses of ginsenoside Rg1 were decreased(P<0.05), especially in high dose of ginsenoside Rg1 group.Conclusion: Ginsenoside Rg1 can inhibit the formation of ubiquitin-modified protein aggregates induced by I/R injury in the cortex, thereby alleviating the I/R injury in the rats.

Objective: To investigate the influence of Ginkgo biloba L. extract(GBE) in the expressions of oxidative damage-related proteins in the spleen tissue of the mice with radiation damage, and to clarify its mechanism.Methods: Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group, irradiation control (IC) group(4.0 Gyγ-ray radiation), low dose of GBE (IC+GBEL) group(4.0 Gyγ-ray+5.0mg·kg^-1 GBE), medium dose of GBE (IC+GBEM) group(4.0 Gyγ-ray+10.0mg·kg^-1 GBE) and high dose of GBE (IC+GBEH) group(4.0 Gyγ-ray+20.0mg·kg^-1 GBE)(n=12). After continuous administration of GBE for 14 d, all mice received the whole body radiation of γ-ray with the total dose of 4.0 Gy on the 15th day except for the mice in NC group. The levels of malonaldehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in the spleen tissue of the mice in various groups were measured by biochemical method 24 h after radiation. The expression levels of 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the spleen tissue of the mice in various groups were examined by immunohistochemistry. The activities of protein kinase C(PKC) in the spleen tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by ELISA.Results: Compared with NC group, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in the spleen tissue of the mice in IC and different doses of GBE groups were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-px and PKC were significantly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with IC group, the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in the spleen tissue of the mice in different doses of GBE groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05), and the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-px and PKC were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion: GBE can inhibit the oxidative stress and regulate the PKC activity in the spleen tissue of the mice with irradiation damage to play a protective role against the radiation damage.

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effects of zingerone in combination with sorafenib on the migration and invasion of human liver cancer HepG2 cells, and to clarify their relative mechanisms.Methods: The HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of zingerone and sorafenib alone or in combination. The cellpoliferation rate was determined by MTT assay. The appropriate concentrations of zingerone and sorafenib were selected according to the results. The experiment was divided into control group (DMSO), zingerone group (30μmol·L^-1), sorafenib group (3 μmol·L^-1) and combination group (zingerone 30 μmol·L^-1+ sorafenib 3μmol·L^-1).The scratch healing rate was measured by cell wound healing test;Transwell assay was used to detect the number of transmembrane cells in each group. The expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blotting method.Results: Compared with control group, the proliferation rates of the HepG2 cells in zingerone group and combination group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with control group,the scratch healing rates of the HepG2 cells in zingerone group and sorafenib group were reduced (P<0.05);the scratch healing rate in combination group was significantly lower than those in zingerone group and sorafenib group (P<0.01). In the Transwell experiment, the number of transmembrane cells in zingerone group and sorafenib group was decreased compared with control group (P<0.05);the number of transmembrane cells in combination group was significantly lower than those in zingerone group and sorafenib group(P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the HepG2 cells in zingerone group and sorafenib group were lower than those in control group (P<0.05),and the expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in combination group were significantly lower than those in zingerone group and sorafenib group (P<0.01).Conclusion: Zingerone can inhibit the migration and invasion of the human hepatoma cells by decreasing the expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins in the HepG2 cells, and it has better effect with sorafenib.

Objective: To observe the antitumor effect of triptolide in the human pancreatic cancer tumor-bearing nude mice, and to explore its molecular mechanism.Methods: The healthy BALB/c nude mice were selected and transplanted with the human pancreatic cancer SW1990 cells into the skin of the right hind limb to establish the tumor-bearing model of nude mice. The successful modeling nude mice were divided into model group, gemcitabine group and triptolide group, 10 in each group; another 10 healthy nude mice were selected as control group. The tumor tissue of SW1990 pancreatic cancer tumor-bearing nude mice were weighed and the inhibitory rate of tumor was calculated. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and bcl-2 in the pancreas tissue of the nude mice in each group were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of Bax, bcl-2, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 in the pancreas tissue of the nude mice in each group were detected by Western blotting method.Results: Compared with gemcitabine group, the inhibitory rate of tumor of SW1990 pancreatic cancer in triptolide group was significantly increased(P<0.05). The HE staining results showed that compared with model group, the proliferation of pancreatic cancer tumor cells in triptolide group was inhibited. The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 in the pancreas tissue and the Bcl-2 /Bax ratio of the nude mice in tripptolide group were lower than those in model group (P<0.05). The Western blotting results showed that compared with model group, the expression levels of Bax, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 in the pancreas tissue of the nude mice in triptolide group were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the expression level of Bcl-2 was significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Triptolide can inhibit the growth of tumor tissue in the nude mice;its mechanism may be related to inhibiting the activation of Bcl-2 in pancreatic tumor tissue, promoting the expression of Bax, reducing the ratio of Bcl-2 /Bax, promoting the activation of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, and inducing the apoptosis of pancreatic cancer transplanted tumor cells.

Objective: To investigate the effects of endothelin B receptor (ETBR) agonist on the biological behaviors of cementoblast cell line OCCM-30 of the mice, and to provide the experimental basis for odontogenic root restoration.Methods: The cementoblasts of the mice in logarithmic growth phase were selected and divided into experiment group and control group. The cells in experiment group were treated with ETBR agonist at a concentration of 10^-6 mol·L^-1, and the cells in control group did not receive any treatment. MTT method was used to detect the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the cementoblasts in two groups at different time points (24,48, and 72 h). Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of cells in two groups different time points (24, 48, and 72 h);alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were performed to detect the cell differentiation and mineralization;real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of differentiation-related or mineralization-related genes such as Runx2, BSP, OCN, Col1, and Osterix.Results: MTT assay showed that compared with control group, the inhibitory rates of proliferation of the cells in experimental group were significantly increased after cultured for 24, 48 and 72 h(P<0.05), and the inhibitory rate of proliferation was the highest at 48 h of culture.The flow cytometry results showed that compared with control group, the apoptotic rate of cementoblasts in experimental group did not change significantly.In alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining experiments, compared with control group, the cells in experiment group showed lighter color rendering and fewer mineralized nodules.In real-time PCR detection, compared with control group, there were no significant differences in the expression levels of Runx2, Osterix, BSP, OCN and Col1 in the cells in experiment group at 24 h after culture, and the expression levels of Runx2, Osterix, BSP, OCN and Col1 in experiment group were decreased at 48 h after culture;at 72 h after culture, the expression levels of Runx2, Osterix, BSP and Col1 in experiment group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion: ETBR agonist can inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of cementoblasts, but it has no effect on apoptosis.

Objective: To construct a lentiviral vector with overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29), and to explore the effects of ERp29 overexpression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer MGC803 and SGC7901 cells.Methods: The lentiviral plasmid with ERp29 (pCDH-ERp29) tagged with red fluorescentce protein and control plasmid (pCDH-Vector) were constructed, and then the MGC803 and SGC9901 cells were infected with these lentivital vectors. Under fluorescence microscope, the infection of these cells were observed. CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay were performed to test the proliferation abilities of MGC803 and SGC7901 cells infected with ERp29. Transwell chamber assay was used to test the abilities of migration and invasion of MGC803 and SGC7901 cells infected with ERp29. Real-time PCR and Western blotting methods were used to detect the expression levels of ERp29 mRNA and protein in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells which were stably infected by ERp29, respectively.Results: The enzyme digestion identification result showed that the pCDH-ER29 overexpression vector was successfully constructed. The fluorescence microscope result showed the successful infection in the gastric cancer cells. The CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay results showed that compared with pCDH-Vector group, the proliferation ability of the cells in pCDH-ERp29 group had no marked changes(P>0.05). Transwell chamber assay revealed that compared with pCDH-Vector group, the number of migration and invasion cells in the MGC803 and SGC7901 cells in pCDH-ERp29 group were significantlydecreased(P<0.05). The expression levels of ERp29 mRNA and protein in the cells in pCDH-ERp29 group were significantly increased compared with pCDH-Vector group(P<0.05).Conclusion: The lentiviral vector with overexpression of ERp29 is constructed successfully, and the overexpression of ERp29 in MGC803 and SGC7901 cells can significantly inhibit their abilities of migration and invasion.

Objective: To investigate the effects of overexpression of microspherule protein 1 (MCRS1) in the gastric cancer cells on the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells, and to elucidate their possible mechanisms.Methods: The gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, SGC-7901 cells and the normal gastric mucosal epithelial GES-1 cells were cultivated. Western blotting method was used to detect the expressions of MCRS1 in three kinds of cells. The result showed that MCRS1 protein had the lowest expression in the BGC-823 cells, so the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells were selected for next experiments. The recombinant plasmid of MCRS1 was constructed, and the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were selected. Blank group, empty vector transfection group and MCRS1 transfection group were established, and the plasmid was transfected into the BGC-823 cells using Lipo3000.The expression levels of epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) protein, neuronal cadherin (N-cadherin) protein and Snail protein were detected by Western blotting method. The cell scratch assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the migration and invasion of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells.Results: Compared with the normal gastric epithelial GES-1 cells, the expression level of MCRS1 protein in the gastric cancer BGC-823 cells was decreased (P<0.01), but the expression level of MCRS1 protein in the SGC-7901 cells was increased (P<0.01).The PCR identification and sequencing analysis showed that the MCRS1 recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed.Compared with blank group and empty vector transfection group, the expression levels of MCRS1 protein and E-cadherin protein in MCRS1 transfection group were increased (P<0. 01), the expression levels of N-cadherin and Snail proteins were decreased (P<0.01), the cell migration rate was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the number of invasion cells was significantly decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion: Overexpression of MCRS1 can inhibit the migration and invasion of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, which may be related to the increased expression of E-cadherin protein and the decreased expressions of N-cadherin and Snail proteins.

Objective: To explore the effect of recombinant human interleukin-17AI (IL-17A)on the growth of colon cancer cells,and to investigate the related mechanism.Methods: The colon cancer SW480 cells were divided into control group and experimental group. The SW480 cells in control group were untreated and the SW480 cells in experimental group were added with 50μg·L^-1IL-17A. The proliferation abilities of SW480 cells in two groups were detected by CKK-8 method. The levels of IL-17A in the SW480 cells in two groups were detected by ELISA,and the expression levels of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3(STAT3 ) and p-signal transducers and activators of transcriptions 3(p-STAT3) were examined by Western blotting methed.Results: Compared with control group,the proliferation ability of the SW480 cells in experimental group was increased (P<0.05).The level of IL-17A in the SW480 cells in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group,the expression levels of STAT3 and p-STAT3 proteins in the SW480 cells in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.01).Conclusion: Recombinant protein IL-17A can stimulate the growth of colon cancer SW480 cells,which may be related to the activation of STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the dynamic changes of pulmonary morphology and mast cell activity in the rats after tracheotomy and intubation and their significances, and to elucidate the mechanism of occurrence of pulmonary inflammation in the rats after tracheotomy and intubation.Methods: A total of 48 SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group and tracheotomy and intubation group (n=24).The lung tissue and alveolar lavage fluid of the rats were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after modeling, respectively. The pathological changes of lung tissue of the rats were observed by light microscope. Transmission electron microscope was used to observe the mast cell ultrastructures of the rats. The levels of histamine, TNF-α and IL-6 in alveolar lavage fluid of the rats in two groups were measured by ELISA. The expression levels of β-tryptase in lung tissue of the rats in two groups were measured by immunohistochemical method.Results: The different levels of inflammation of lung tissue of the rats were found in tracheotomy and intubation group under light micscope and the Smith scores were higher than those in control group(P<0.05);the damage in tracheotomy and intubation group was aggravated with the prolongation of time, and the Smith scores were increased, there were significant differences between different time points (P<0.05).The mast cell degranulation at different levels of the rats in tracheotomy and intubation group were found at different time points, especially at 24 h. The histamine levels in alveolar lavage fluid of the rats in tracheotomy and intubation group at 24,72,and 168 h were higher than those in normal control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the histamine levels at 48 h between two groups(P>0.05). The levels of TNF-a and IL-6 in alveolar lavage fluid of the rats in tracheotomy and intubation group at different time points were higher than those in normal control group (P<0.05);they reached a peak at 24 h and then declined(P<0.05).The expression levels of mast cell β-tryptase in the lung tissue of the rats in tracheotomy and intubation group at different time points were higher than those in normal control group(P<0.05), and reached a peak at 24 h(P<0.05).Conclusion: The lung mast cell activity is enhanced obviously after tracheotomy and intubation. It may be one of the main mechanisms of complicated pneumonia of the rats with tracheotomy and intubation.

Objective: To explore the improvement of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) on the damage of synaptic ultrastructures of hippocampus induced by realgar in the mice, and to clarify the related mechanisms.Methods: Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups with twenty mice in eachgroup: control group (intragastrically treated with 0.5 % CMC-Na), realgar group (intragatrically treated with realgar 1.35 g·kg^-1), and GA intervention group (intragastrically administered with GA 48 mg·kg^-1 and realgar 1.35 g·kg^-1). The mice were administrated once a day for eight consecutive weeks. The cognitive and memory abilities were tested using object recognition task (ORT).The levels of glutathione(GSH) in the hippocampus in the mice in various groups were detected. The changes of the ultrastructures of synapse in hippocampal CA1 region, the width of synaptic cleft, the length of synaptic active zone, the thickness of post synaptic density (PSD) and the curvature of synaptic interface were observed by transmission electron microscope.Results: Compared with control group, the preferential index (PI) for the novel object and the level of GSH in the hippocampus tissue of the mice in realgar group were significantly decreased (P<0.05);compared with realgar group, the PI for the novel object had no obvious changes and only showed the increasing tendency (P>0.05),and the level of GSH in the hippocampus tissue of the mice in GA intervention group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the synaptic structure in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice in realgar group was fuzzy; the width of synaptic cleft was increased (P<0.01),the length of the synaptic active zone, the thickness of PSD and the curvature of synaptic interface were decreased (P<0.01).Compared with realgar group, the synaptic structure in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice in GA intervention group was clear and complete;the width of synaptic cleft was decreased (P<0.05), the length of the synaptic active zone and the thickness of PSD were significantly increased (P<0.05); the curvature of synaptic interface had no obvious change, only showed the increasing tendency (P>0.05).Conclusion: Realgar can change the synaptic structural parameters and cause deficits in cognitive and memory abilities. GA can alleviate the abnormal ultrastructural changes in the hippocampal synapses of the mice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of oligodeoxynucleotide(ODN) YW002 on the proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and early osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells(hPDLSCs), and to clarify the regulation effect of ODN YW002 on the biological properties of hPDLSCs.Methods: The HPDLSCs were cultured until the third to the fifth generations. The cells were divided into PBS blank control group, ODN MT01 group and ODN YW002 group and incubated for 1, 2, 3 and 5 d. The proliferation activities of the hPDLSCs in various groups were detected by MTT assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis of the hPDLSCs in various groups were detected by flow cytomety.The alkaline phosphates(ALP) activities of the hPDLSCs in various groups were detected by alkaline phosphatase colorimetric assay.Results: Compared with blank control group, the proliferation activities of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group at 1 and 3 d after culture were increased (P<0.01); the proliferation activity was inceased at 5 d after culture, but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). Compared with ODN MT01 group, the proliferation activity of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group at 1 d after culture was decreased (P<0.05); the proliferation activities were increased at 3 and 5 d after culture, but there were no significant differences(P>0.05). Compared with blank control and ODN MT01 group, the percentage of hPDLSCs in G₀/G₁ phase in ODN YW002 group was decreased at 1 d after cultrue,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05); the percentage of hPDLSCs in S phase was increased at 1 d after culture,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Compared with blank control group, the early and late apoptotic rates of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group were decreased at 1 d after culture (P<0.05);the early and late apoptotic rates were decreased at 2 d after culture, but there were no significant differences(P>0.05).Compared with ODN MT01 group, the early and late apoptotic rates of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group were decreased at 2 d after culture (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group, the ALP activities of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group were increased at 1, 3 and 5 d after culture(P<0.01).Compared with ODN MT01 group, the ALP activities of hPDLSCs in ODN YW002 group were increased at 1 and 5 d after culture(P<0.05), but the ALP activity was decreased at 3 d after culture (P<0.05).Conclusion: ODN YW002 can promote the proliferation of hPDLSCs by inhibiting the apoptosis, and increase the ALP activity, suggesting that ODN YW002 has the function of promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs.

Objective: To investigate the anti-tumor activity in vivo of sesquiterpenoids from ginseng (SPG) in the S₁₈₀ tumor-bearing mice, and to clarify its mechanism.Methods: The ICR male mice were used to establish the S₁₈₀ tumor-bearing models. The model mice were randomly divided into model group, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) group (20 mg·kg^-1, ip), low dose of SPG group (2.5 mg·kg^-1, ig),and high dose of SPG group (10.0 mg·kg^-1, ig), 8 mice in each group;another 8 mice were selected and used as blank control group. Fourteen days after administration, the blood samples were collected from the eyes of all mice, and they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, then the tumor tissue was excised and weighed;the inhibitory rate of tumor was calculated;the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(AST), aspartate aminotransferase(ALT), urea nitrogen(BUN), interleukin-2(IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) of the mice in various groups were measured;the pathological changes of the tumor tissue of the mice in various groups were observed by HE staining;the expression levels of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2, VEGF, p38 against mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and p-p38 against mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) in the tumor tissue of the mice in various groups were analyzed by Western blotting method.Results: The inhibitory rates of the mice in SPG groups were increased significantly as the increase of SPG dose, and the inhibitory rate of tumor of the mice in high dose of SPG group was 76.29%. Compared with model group, the serum levels of IL-2 and TNF-α of the mice in SPG groups were significantly increased (P<0.01) and the levels of ALT, AST, BUN and VEGF were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The HE staining results showed that the cells in model group were arranged neatly, a large number of nuclei were observed and the growth state was good;in low and high doses of SPG group, the number of nuclei in the tumor tissue of the mice was significantly reduced, the arrangement was loose, and a large area of necrosis occurred.The Western blotting results showed that compared with model group, the expression levels of Bcl-2 and VEGF proteins were significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the expression levels of p-p38MAPK protein in low and high doses of SPG groups were significantly increased (P<0.01).Conclusion: SPG has a good anti-tumor effect in the S₁₈₀ tumor-bearing mice, and its mechanism may be associated with the decreasing of Bcl-2 and VEGF expressions and activation of p38 MAPK protein channel.

Objective: To study the structures of ginseng glycopeptides, and to explore the protective effect on the apoptosis of PC12 cells treated with amyloid beta_25-35 (Aβ_25-35), and to lay a theoretical foundation for the development of ginseng anti-Alzheimer's disease(AD)drugs.Methods: The structures of ginseng glycopeptides were analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometry. The PC12 cells were divided into 6 groups, and treated with the medium including different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.50, 25.00, 50.00, and 100.00 μmol·L^-1) of Aβ_25-35, and the survival rates of PC12 cells were measured by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) method. The PC12 cells were divided into blank control group, model group,and ginseng glycopeptides administration group.The medium including 50.00 μmol·L^-1 Aβ_25-35 was added in model group,and different concentrations (0.03,0.10,0.30,and of 1.00 g·L^-1) ginseng glycopeptides+ 50 μmol·L^-1 Aβ_25-35were added in administration groups.The survival rates of PC12 cells were measured by CCK-8 method. The apoptotic rates of PC12 cells after treated with glycopeptides and Aβ_25-35 were detected by Annexin Ⅴ-FITC/PI method. The PC12 cells were divided into blank control group, model group (50.00 μmol·L^-1 Aβ_25-35) and different concentrations (0.10 and 0.30 g·L^-1) of ginseng glycopeptides administration groups;the percentages of PC12 cells in different cell cycles were tested by flow cytometry.Results: More than 20 glycopeptide structures were obtained, such as the peptide chain was NLSHYHSGSS, the glycosyl group was N1-HexNAc, and the peptide chain was SGSSSSSSSEDDGMGR, the glycosyl group was S6-HexNAc. When the concentration of Aβ_25-35 was 50 μmol·L^-1, the survival rate of PC12 was (55.45±2.34)% and the survival rate was significantly lower than that in blank control group (P<0.01). Compared with blank control group, the survival rate of the PC12 cells in model group was significantly decreased (P<0.01);compared with model group, the survival rates of the PC12 cells in administration groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group, the apoptotic rate of the PC12 cells in model group were increased (P<0.01);compared with model group, the apoptotic rates of the PC12 cells in administration groups were decreased (P<0.05).Compared with blank control group, the percentage of PC12 cells in S phase in model group was increased(P<0.05);compared with model group, the percentages of PC12 cells in S phase in administration groups were decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: The structures of ginseng glycopeptides are obtained with mass spectrometry. Ginseng glycopeptides can effectively inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 cells treated with Aβ_25-35, and they have the neuroprotective effect;the anti-apoptotic activity effect may be related to the inhibition of S phase arrest.

Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Schisandra chinensis lignans (SCL) in the cyclophosphamide (Cyp)-induced immunosuppressive mice, and to elucidate its related mechanisms.Methods: A total of 75 male ICR mice were divided in control group, model group,and low, middle,high doses (50, 100, and 200 mg·kg^-1) of SCL groups, 15 mice in each group. The mice in control and model groups were administered with distilled water intragastrically and the mice in SCL groups were administered with different doses of SCL intragastrically once a day for 21 d. After the successive administration for 17 d, the mice in model and SCL groups were intraperitoneally injected with Cyp (20 mg·kg^-1) once a day for 5 d. The thymus and spleen indexes were determined and the morphology of thymus and spleen tissues were observed. The phagocytic function of macrophages was estimated using carbon clearance test and the level of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was measured by ELISA method. The spleen lymphocyte proliferation ability was measured by MTT method and the apoptotic rate of spleen lymphocyte was determined by flow cytometry.Results: Compared with control group, the thymus and spleen indexes,the phagocytic function of macrophages, the IFN-γ level, the spleen lymphocyte proliferation activity,and the early, late, total apoptotic rates of lymphocytes of the mice in model group were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, the thymus and spleen indexes,the phagocytic function of macrophages, the IFN-γ levels, the spleen lymphocyte proliferation abilities,and the early, late, total apoptotic rates of lymphocytes of the mice in different doses of SCL groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with control group, the number of lymphocytes in the thymus cortex of the mice in model group was reduced, the number of splenic corpuscles was reduced and their volumes were obviously reduced. Compared with model group, the reducing of lymphocyte number in the thymus cortex and splenic corpuscles and atrophy of the mice in different doses of SCL groups were obviously improved.Conclusion: SCL can protect the mice with Cyp-induced immunodeficiency by regulating the cellular, humoral and non-specific immune functions of the mice.

Objective: To campare the differences of contents and relative effects of lignans from 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis, and to provide the experimental basis for the precise selection and application.Methods: The contents of 7 kinds of lignans from 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant effects of 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis were compared by measuring the abilities of reduction, scavenging of DPPH free radical and inhibiting linoleic acid oxidation in vitro. Sixty male ICR mice were randomly divided into normal control group, alcoholic liver injury model group (model group),Schisandra chinensis YH group, (YH group), Schisandra chinensis SH group (SH group),Schisandra chinensis 156-5-2 group(156-5-2 group) and Schisandra chinensis 50-1-5 group (50-1-5 group), 10 mice in each group. One hour after the last administration, the mice in normal control group were given the equal volume of distilled water, and those in the other groups were intragastrically given 50% alcohol (12 mL·kg^-1). All the mice were fasted, but with free access to water for 12 h and executed, and the liver and serum were obtained. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum of the mice, and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, the levels of triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver tissue of the mice were determined.Results: The total content of lignan monomers in Schisandra chinensis YH was the highest, the second was Schisandra chinensis SH, and 156-5-2 and 50-1-5 were later. Except for 156-5-2, other 3 kinds of Schisandra chinensis had strong antioxidant effects, and the order of antioxidant activity was YH>SH>50-1-5. Compared with model group, the ALT and AST levels in the serum and the levels of MDA and TG in the liver tissue of the mice in YH group were decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the TG level in the liver tissue of the mice in SH group was reduced significantly (P<0.05), but the serum ALT and AST levels didn't change significantly(P>0.05);the ALT level in the serum of the mice in 156-5-2 group was decreased(P<0.05), but the MDA and TG levels in the liver tissue didn't change significantly(P>0.05).Conclusion: In 4 strains of Schisandra chinensis, YH has the highest content of lignans, has the strongest antioxidant effect in vitro,and has the best protective effect on acute alcoholic liver injury.

Objective: To investigate the effects of pilose antler polypeptide on the abilities of proliferation and collagen secretion of mouse embryonic fibroblasts NIH/3T3, and to clarify the relevant mechanisms.Methods: The NIH/3T3 cells were treated with different doses(1.56,3.13,6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00, and 200.00 mg·L^-1) of pilose antler polypeptide as experimental groups,the cells treated with 0 mg·L^-1 pilose antler polypeptide were used as blank control group, and the cells treated with 50.00 μg·L^-1 basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) were used as positive control group. MTT assay was used to detect the survival rates of NIH/3T3 cells in various groups. ELISA assay was used to detect the collagen secretion of NIH/3T3 cells in various groups.Wound healing assay was used to detect the migration abilities of NIH/3T3 cells.Western blotting method was performed to detect the expression levels of p-ERK 1/2 in the NIH/3T3 cells in various groups. Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) in the NIH/3T3 cells in various groups.Results: Compared with blank control group,the survival rates of NIH/3T3 cells in positive control group and 6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00,200.00 mg·L^-1 pilose antler polypeptide groups were markedly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with blank control group, the levels of type Ⅰ collagen protein in the culture solution of the NIH/3T3 cells in positive control group and 6.25,12.50,25.00,and 50.00 mg·L^-1 pilose antler polypeptide groups were markedly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the levels of type Ⅲ collagen protein in the culture solution of the NIH/3T3 cells in positive control group and 12.50 and 25.00 mg·L^-1 pilose antler polypeptide groups were markedly increased (P<0.05). Compared with blank control group,the scratch healing rates of NIH/3T3 cells,and the expression levels of p-ERK 1/2 in the NIH/3T3 cells,and the expression levels of TGF-β1 in the NIH/3T3 cells in positive control group and 12.50 mg·L^-1 pilose antler polypeptide groups were markedly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: Pilose antler polypeptide can promote the proliferation, and collagen secretion of NIH/3T3 cells and increase the migration ability,which may be achieved by activating the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and increasing the expression of TGF-β1.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effects of astragalus polysaccharides(APS) with different molecular weights on the pulmonary inflammation in the asthmatic mice, and to elucidate their mechanisms.Methods: A total of 30 female BALB/c mice were selected. They were randomly divided into normal control group, asthma model group (model group),low molecular weight APS (APS-low) group,midde molecular wieght APS(APS-middle) and high molecular weight APS(APS-high) group,with 6 mice in each group. The mouse models of asthma in model group and APS groups were established by injecting and inhaling ovalbumin (OVA). The mice in APS-low,APS-middle and APS- high groups were separately given 0.1 mL of 4 500, 15 000, 30 000 molecular weight APS for intraperitoneal injection before inhaled OVA. The mice in normal control group were treated with the same amount of normal saline instead of OVA injected and inhalled. The behavioral changes of the mice were observed during the atomization with OVA, and the total number of WBC and the counts of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were observed with light microscope;the pathological changes of lung tissue was observed by HE staining. Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) method was used to detect the levels of IL-4 and IFN -γ in the serum as well as BALF. The spleen CD4⁺ T cells were extracted and cultured, and the ratios of Th1,Th2,Th17 and Treg cells were detected by flow cytometry. CBA method was used to detect the levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-10 in the culture supernatant.Results: Compared with normal control group, the mice in model group showed asthma-like symptoms such as sneezing, snouting nose and shortness of breath, inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue, airway mucosal edema, smooth muscle thickening;the IL-4 levels in serum and BALF were increased (P<0.05), and the IFN-γ levels in serum and BALF were significantly decreased (P<0.05);IL-4 and IL-17 levels in cell culture supernatant were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the IFN-γ and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased (P<0.05);the ratios of Th2 and Th17 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the ratios of Th1 and Treg cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05). Compared with model group, the asthmatic symptoms of the mice in APS groups, for example, scratching nose and mouth, shortness of breath, and irritability, were relieved to varying degrees; the inflammatory cell infiltration and wall thickening were significantly improved;the levels of IL-4 in serum and BALF were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the IFN -γ levels were increased (P<0.05);the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant were significantly reduced(P<0.05) and the levels of IFN-γ and IL-10 were increased (P<0.05);the ratios of Th2 and Th17 cells were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the ratios of Th1 and Treg cells were increased (P<0.05). Compared between three APS groups, the asthmatic symptoms and lung tissue inflammatory infiltration were lightened obviously in APS-low group, the IL-4 levels and the ratios of Th2 and Th17 cells in serum and BALF were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the IFN-γ levels in serum and BALF and the ratios of Th2 and Th17 cells were significantly increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: APS can significantly improve the situation of airway inflammation infiltration and the symptoms of the asthmatic mice. APS plays a therapeutic role for asthma by regulating the Th1/Th2 and Th17/Treg cell balance, decreasing the levels of IL-4 and IL-17 and increasing the levels of IFN -γ and IL-10 level;the low molecular weight APS shows an obvious effect.

Objective: To explore the selective effects of cyclamin on the proliferation and apoptosis of the liver cancer cells in vitro, and to clarify the molecular target and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: The human liver cancer HepG2 cells or normal human HL-7702 liver cells were divided into cyclamin groups (added with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol·L^-1 cyclamin), cholesterol intervention group (cyclamin + 20.0 mg·L^-1 cholesterol) and control group (0.5% DMSO only). MTT assay was performed to determine the survival rates of cells in various groups. The cellular cholesterol level was measured by Filipin staining. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay was used to determine the LDH realease levels in cells. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of cells. The expressions of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins were measured by Western blotting method.Results: The survival rates of HepG2 cells in 5.0 and 10.0 μmol·L^-1 cyclamin groups were significantly lower than those of HL-7702 cells (P<0.05).The Filipin staining results showed that the cholesterol level in HepG2 cells was higher than that in HL-7702 cells (P<0.05).The LDH release levels in HepG2 cells in cyclamin groups were higher than those in than HL-7702 cells(P<0.05). Compared with 5.0 μmol·L^-1 cyclamin group, the LDH release level and the apoptotic rate in cholesterol intervention group were decreased(P<0.05).The Western blotting results showed that the expression levels of Fas,FADD and caspase-8 proteins in HepG2 cells in cyclamin groups were increased compared with control group(P<0.05);compared with cyclamin group, the expression levels of Fas, FADD and caspase-8 proteins in cholesterol intervention group were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion: Cyclamin can selectively inhibit the proliferation of liver cancer cells, and its molecular mechanisms may be related to the increased cell membrane permeabilization via targeting membrane cholesterol component and the consequent ligand-independent activation of Fas signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effects of curcumin on Renin-angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ)-aldosterone (ALD) system(RAAS) in the rats with chronic heart failure, and to elucidate its therapeutic mechanism.Methods: Fifty male SD rats were selected and randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low dose of curcumin group,middle dose of crucumin group and high dose curcumin of group(n=10). In sham operation group, the left ventricles of the rats were opened only to expose the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligation and conventional feeding. The abdomen of the rats in other groups were opened in the xiphoid abdomen and the left anterior descending coronary arteries were ligated to establish the rat models with chronic heart failure.The rats in low,middle,and high doses of curcumin groups were intragastrically adminstrated with 20,40,and 80 mg·kg^-1 curcumin,and the rats in sham operation group and model group were administrated with normal saline at the same volume; continuous administration for 30 d. The heart function of the rats was measured by echocardiography. The blood was taken from the abdominal aorta.ELISA was used to detect the levels of serum Renin, AngⅡ and ALD of the rats in various groups.The expression levels of angiotensin type 1 receptor(AT1R) and agniotensin-converting enzyme(ACE) mRNA in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by RT-PCR method.Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of ACE and AT1R proteins in myocardium tissue of the rats in various groups.Results: Compared with model group, the left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter(LVEDD)in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05), while the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group, the levels of Renin, AngⅡ and ALD in the serum of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Compared with model group, the expression levels of ACE and AT1R mRNA in the myocardium tissue of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05);compared with model group, the expression levels of ACE and AT1R proteins in the myocardium tissue of the rats in low, middle, and high doses of curcumin groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Curcumin has a dose-dependent inhibition for the RAAS in the chronic heart failue rats and can improve the cardiac function of the chronic heart failure rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of urantide on the levels of serum calcium, blood lipids and indexes of myocardial enzymes in the rats with atherosclerosis(As), and to clarify its mechanism of prevention and treatment of AS.Methods: A total of 180 Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, AS group, positive drug (simvastatin) group and urantide groups (3, 7 and 14 d group), 30 rats in each group. The rat model of AS was established by feeding on high-fat diet or intraperitoneally injecting vitamin D₃(VD₃).The body weights of rats were weighed at three time points: pre-experiment, pre-administration and end of experiment. The levels of Ca²⁺, total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL), high density lipoprotein(HDL), creatine kinase(CK) and lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) in the serum of the rats in various groups were detected by automatic biochemical analyzer.Results: The body weights of the rats in normal control group were gradually decreased with the prolongation of time;compared with normal control group, the body weights of the rats in AS group at the time point of pre-administration was decreased(P<0.01);compared with AS group, the body weights of the rats in different administration groups were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The levels of serum Ca²⁺, TG, TC, LDL, CK and LDH of the rats in AS group were significantly higher than those in normal control group, and the level of HDL was decreased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with AS group, the levels of serum Ca²⁺, TC, TG, LDL, CK and LDH of the rats in urantide group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the HDL levels were higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: Urantide can prevent and treat AS by down-regulating or up-regulating the levels of serum calcium, blood lipids and indexes of myocardial enzymes in the AS rats.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Nourishing Kidney-Yin Prescription combined with glucocorticoid on the T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory cytokines in the mice with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE), and to elucidate the mechanism of Chinese and Western medicine combination in the treatment of SLE.Methods: Fifty MRL/ lpr mice were randomly divided into model group, Western medicine group, Chinese medicine group, low dose and high dose of combintion groups(n=10). Ten C57BL/6 mice were selected as control group.The mice in control group and model group were given 0.5 mL·d^-1 normal saline by gavage;the mice in Western medicine group were given 12.5 mg·kg^-1 prednisone acetate (glucocorticoid) by gavage;the mice in Chinese medicine group were given 25.0 g·kg^-1 Nourishing Kindey-Yin Prescription by gavage;the mice in low and high doses of combination groups were given 12.5 and 25.0 g·kg^-1 Nourishing Kidney-Yin prescription by gavage and 6.25 mg·kg^-1 prednisone acetate, respectively. After 21 d of continuous administration,the spleen indexes and thymus indexes of the mice in various groups were calculated. The levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ and CD8⁺T lymphocyte subsets in the periphreal blood of the mice in various groups were determined by flow cytometry.The serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and γ- interferon (IFN-γ) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method.Results: Compared with model group, the spleen indexes and thymus indexes of the mice in Western medicine, low dose of combination group and high dose of combination group were decreased obviously (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the levels of CD3⁺ lymphocytes and CD4 ⁺T lymphocytes in Chinese medicine group,low dose of combintion group and high dose of combination group were significantly increased (P<0.05).Compared with model group,the CD8 ⁺T lymphocyte levels in Western medicine group,Chinese medicine group,low dose combination group and high dose combination group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), the serum IL-4 and IL-6 levels were obviously decreased (P<0.05), and the IFN-γ levels were significantly increased(P<0.05);the mesagial cell and mesangial matrix hyperplasia were improved,and the renal intestitial inflammatory cell infiltration was relieved.Conclusion: Nourishing Kidney-Yin Prescription combined with glucocorticoid can effectively regulate the body's immune balance by reducing the inflammatory cytokines, regulating T lymphocyte subgroup equilibrium, and recovering the deficiency of the immune-suppression therapy by monosaccharide corticosteroids.

Objective: To investigate the effects of urantide on the expressions of type Ⅳ collagen(Col Ⅳ) in thoracic aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) in the rats with atherosclerosis(AS), and to clarify its mechanism of prevention and treatment of AS.Methods: A total of 180 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=30) and AS model group (n=150).The rat models of AS were established by feeding on high-fat diet or intraperitoneally injecting vitamin D₃(VD₃).The AS model rats were randomly divided into AS group, fluvestation(Flu) group and urantide group (3, 7, and 14 d groups).The expression of Col Ⅳ in thoracic aorta wall of the rats was detected by immunohistochemistry.The levels of hydroxyproline (HYP) in serum and urine of the rats in various groups were measured by ELISA.The VSMC were randomly divided into normal control group, urotensin Ⅱ(UⅡ 10^-8mol·L^-1) group, Flu group and urantide (10^-10to 10^-6 mol·L^-1) groups.The levels of Col Ⅳ in VSMC of the rats in various groups were determined by ELISA.Results: There was a significant difference in the expression levels of Col Ⅳ in the irregular plaques of the thoracic aorta of the rats between various groups (F=35.09,P<0.01). The expression levels of Col Ⅳ in thoracic aorta of the rats in AS group were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.01); the intensity and extent of Col Ⅳ positive staining in urantide group were lower than those in AS group (P<0.01).There were significant differences in the serum and urine HYP levels between various groups (F=24.38, P<0.01;F=26.72,P<0.01). Compared with normal control group, the serum HYP level of the rats in AS group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the urine HYP level was significantly decreased (P<0.01).Compared with AS group, the serum HYP levels in urantide groups were significantly decreased (P<0.01) and the urine HYP levels were significantly increased (P<0.01), no less than the level in Flu group.The expression levels of Col Ⅳ in the culture supernatant of VSMC in the rats in various groups had significantly difference (F=31.04,P<0.01).The expression level of Col Ⅳ in the culture supernatant of VSMC of the rats in UⅡ group was significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.01); the expression levels of Col Ⅳ in the culture supernatant of VSMC of the rats in urantide groups were significantly decreased compared with UⅡ group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion: Urantide can inhibit the expressions of Col Ⅳ in the thoracic aorta and VSMC of the AS rats and alleviate the degree of AS lesions, which provides the experimental evidence for the clinical application of urantide in the treatment of AS.

Objective: To apply the finite element method to simulate the stress concentration and displacement of different hip prostheses in total hip arthroplasty, to analyze the clinical outcomes of prosthesis subsidence and loosening after surgery with these two indicators, and to provide reference for clinical surgeons.Methods: The three-dimensional hip from the hip CT data of a normal male volunteer was reconstructed.Two types of prosthesis models were built (Corail and Synergy porous).The femoral heterogeneous properties were assigned by Mimics, ABAQUS and other softwares.The stress concentration and displacement changes of two hip prostheses in the posture of standing were analyzed.Results: The maximum stress of Corail and Synergy porous hip prostheses was mostly concentrated in the one third of distal end and the proximal corner, and the maximum stresses were 31.82 and 55.05 MPa, respectively, which were less than the femoral yield strength (138 MPa). The maximum relative displacements of Corail and Synergy porous prosthesis models were 0.604 and 0.747 mm, respectively, which were less than the ultimate displacement (1.500 mm).The results above met the hip replacement standards.Conclusion: Corail stem prosthesis has a better behavior in stress concentration and displacement than Synergy porous prosthesis by finite element analysis. The finite element analysis of different hip prosthesis may provide the important references for the prognosis of total hip arthroplasty.

Objective: To detect the levels of interleukin-27 (IL-27) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) in pleural effusion,and to explore the values of IL-27 and IFN-γ in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.Methods: A total of 88 patients with pleural effusion were selected and divided into tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) group(n=44),malignant pleural effusion group(n=20),parapneumonia pleural effusion group(n=12), and transudative pleural effusion group(n=12).The levels of IL-27, IFN-γ and adenosine deaminase(ADA) in pleural effusion of the patients in various groups were detected; the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate their diagnostic values for tuberculous pleuritis.Results: The levels of IL-27 and IFN-γ in pleural effusion of the patients in TPE group were significantly higher than the other three groups(P<0.05).The areas under ROC curve (AUC) of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA in pleural effusion in diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis were 0.96, 0.79 and 0.92, respectively;the specificities were 94.4%, 89.5% and 92.1%, respectively;the sensitivities were 100%, 61.4% and 78.6%,respectively.The specificity (97.4%) of combined detection of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA was higher than those of single detection.Conclusion: The levels of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA in pleural effusion can be used as an effective method to the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.Detection of IL-27 in pleural effusion has a higher diagnostic value for tuberculous pleuritis than IFN-γ and ADA.Combined detection of IL-27, IFN-γ and ADA has the important value in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis.

Objective: To investigate the effects of three kinds of endometrial preparation (normal hormone replacement,half- and full-dose of long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) down-regulation combined with hormone replacement) on the pregnancy outcomes in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycle in the patients with endometriosis(EMT),adenomyosis or repeated implantation failure (RIF)for unknown reasons, and to provide a basis for the selection of clinical endometrial preparation method.Methods: A total of 191 patients with EMT,adenomyosis or RIF for unknown reasons underwent FET treatment were selected.The patients were divided into normal hormone replacement group(n=63),half-dose GnRH-a group(n=61) and full-dose GnRH-a group(n=67) according to the endometrial preparation method.The clinical data of patients in each group such as age,body mass index(BMI),duration of infertility,the number of embryo transfer cycles,the number of embryos transferred,the endometrial thickness on the day of conversion and transplantation,the rate of high-quality embryos transferred,the intrauterine clinical pregnancy rate and the embryo implantation rate were analyzed retrospectively and compared.Results: There were no significant differences of the general clinical data of the patients in FET cycles in three groups such as age,BMI,duration of infertility,the number of embryo transfer cycles,the number of embryos transferred,the endometrial thickness on the day of conversion and transplantation,and the rate of high-quality embryos transferred(P>0.05);the intrauterine clinical pregnancy rate and the embryo implantation rate of the patients in full-dose GnRH-a group and half-dose GnRH-a group were significantly higher than those of the patients in normal hormone replacement group(χ² = 9.000,χ² =7.917, P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between half-dose GnRH-a group and full-dose GnRH-a group (P>0.05).Conclusion: In the FET cycles of the patients with EMT, adenomyosis or RIF for unknown reasons, hormone replacement after down-regulation of GnRH-a can effectively improve the pregnancy outcome of FET.The pregnancy outcomes of full-dose and half-dose of long-acting GnRH-a are relatively similar, and half-dose long-acting GnRH-a is more conducive to reduce the financial burden of the patients,and it is a ideal choice for endometrium preparation protocol in FET cycle.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of 70 cases of children with bronchiolitis obliterans(BO), and to explore the susceptibility factors of the children with BO.Methods: A total of 70 children with BO(BO group) and 200 children with pneumonia(control group) were selected.The clinical materials of the children in two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results: Among the 70 children with BO, the ratio of male to female was 2.3:1,and the age of the diagnosed BO was concentrated in infancy and early childhood;there were 64 cases (91.4%) within 3 years in BO group,32 cases (16%) within 3 years in control group,and the difference in the age composition ratio was statistically significant between two groups (P<0.05).In region distribution,the patients in BO group and control group were mainly in rural areas.There were 41 cases in rural areas in BO group and 29 cases in urban areas,and there were 113 cases in rural areas and 87 cases in urban areas in control group;there was no significant difference in the regional composition ratio between two groups (P>0.05).In terms of medical history and underlying diseases, the proportions of patients with severe pneumonia,respiratory failure,endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, and non-invasive end-expiratory positive pressure ventilation in BO group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).And the children in BO group were more likely to be associated with the basic diseases such as anemia and congenital heart disease.In pathogens,the patients in two groups were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, adenovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, but the proportions of adenovirus and fungal infection in BO group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05).The clinical manifestations of children in BO group and control group were fever, cough, and wheezing; there were three concave signs, fine wet voices or wheezing sounds on the signs.However, the proportions of children with dyspnea, repeated wheezing (usually lasting for 6 weeks to several years) and intolerance to exercise in BO group were higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group,the children with BO had the characteristic high-resolution CT (HRCT) changes, which showed that the proportions of children with mosaic perfusion signs and bronchial wall thickening were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).Pulmonary function in most children with BO suggested persistent obstructive ventilatory dysfunction, while lung function test in of the most of the children in control group suggested normal, or only a few children had transient mild changes in lung function.Conclusion: Severe pneumonia and mechanical ventilation are the main susceptibility factors of BO.The children with underlying diseases (premature birth, congenital heart disease,and bronchopulmonary dysplasia) are prone to BO if they have a serious lung infection.

Objective: To investigate the influence of sodium hypochlorite and alcohol disinfection in the enamel during acid etching, and to provide reference for the orthodontic treatment.Methods: Sixty extracted permanent teeth were selected and randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B), with 30 teeth in each group.The teeth in group A were pretreated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and the teeth in group B were pretreated with 75% alcohol. After pretreatment, group A and group B were randomly divided into three groups (groups A₀, A₁, A₂, B₀, B₁,and B₂), with 10 teeth in each group and the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 0,15 and 30 s. Forty extracted deciduous teeth were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups (group C and D), with 20 teeth in each group. In group C, the teeth were pretreated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite; in group D, the teeth were pretreated with 75% alcohol.After pretreatment, group C and group D were randomly divided into two groups (groups C₀,C₁,D₀,and D₁) with 10 teeth in each group, and the teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 0 and 30 s.The morphology of enamel was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) after the extracted teeth were cleaned with ultrasound; the pore diameters of enamel surface were detected and the shear strength of samples in each group was detected.Results: The differences in pore diameters between various groups were statistically significant (P<0.01).In the permanent teeth test group, the pore diameter in group A₂ was the maximum (P<0.01), the surface protein residues were less, and the enamel was fully exposed, and the shear strength was the highest(P<0.01).The pore diameter in group B₁ was the minimum (P<0.01), the surface protein residues were more, and the shear strength was the lowest(P<0.01).In the deciduous teeth test group, the pore diameter in group C1 was the maximum (P<0.01), the surface protein residues were less, and the shear strength was the highest(P<0.01).The pore diameter in group D₁ was the minimum, and the surface protein residues were more, and the shear strength was the lowest(P<0.01).Conclusion: Compared with the traditional alcohol disinfection method, pretreatment of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite in tooth enamel for 30 s can significantly increase the surface roughness and cleanliness of enamel, and enhance the shear strength of orthodontic bracket.

Objective: To investigate the discordance for estrogen receptor (ER), progestin receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) expressions in the primary lesion of breast cancer and ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastases, and to discuss the effect of discordance on the prognosis of patients.Methods: The climical materials and pathological samples of 120 cases of breast cancer patients with ipsilateral axillary lymph node metastasis were collected.The expressions of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 in the primary lesion and axillary lymph node metastasis of the breast cancer patients were detected by immunohistochemistry.Paired Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in the receptor expressions between the primary lesion and the axillary lymph node metastasis.Chi-square test was used to evaluate the correlations between the Ki-67 expression and the receptor expressions and the correlations between the clinical characteristics of breast cancer and the expression differences in ER, PR and Her-2.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlations between the clinical stages of breast cancer and the expression differences of ER, PR and Her-2.Survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method.Results: There were some differences in the expression of levels of ER, PR and Her-2 between the primary lesion and the ipsilateral lymph node metastasis, but there was no statistically significant differences (P>0.05).The clinical stages of breast cancer were related to the expression differences of ER and PR (P<0.05).The Ki-67 expression was significantly associated with the expressions of ER and PR in primary lesion of breast cancer patients(P＜0.05).There were a statistically significant differences in the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) between concordant and discordant cases for ER status in the primary lesion and the corresponding lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).The OS and DFS were significantly lower in the discordant cases for ER status.The OS and DFS of the patients with ER-positive in the primary lesion and ER-positive in the lymph node metastasis were higher than those of the patients with ER positive in the primary lesion and ER negative in the lympy node metastasis (+/+ vs.+/-)(P< 0.05).The OS of the patients with ER-negative in the primary lesion and ER-negative in the lymph node metastasis than that of the patients with ER-negative in the primary lesion and ER-positive in the lymph node metastasis(-/+ vs. -/+)(P< 0.05);but the difference of DFS was not statistically significant (P=0.119).Conclusion: The expressions of ER,PR and Her-2 were discordant between primary lesion and lymph node in the breast cancer patients, and the discordance may reflect the prognosis of these patients.The patients with discordant expressions of ER,PR and Her-2 in the primary lesion and the lymph node metastasis need more individualized diagnosis and treatment.

Objective: To detect the expression levels of microRNA200 (miR200) family in the plasma of the breast cancer patients and the normal controls, and to evaluate their potential values in the screening, progression and prognosis evaluation of breast cancer.Methods: A total of 82 cases of plasma samples of the patients with breast cancer (breast cancer group) and 30 cases of healthy plasma samples (control group) were collected.The microRNAs(miRNAs) were extracted from the plasma samples, the expression levels of miR200 family (miR200a, miR200b, miR200c, miR141 and miR429) were quantified by using real-time PCR technique.The receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic value of miRNAs, and the associations between the levels of miRNAs and the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed.Cox proportional hazard mode was used for survival analysis.Results: Compared with control group, the expression level of miR141 in the plasma of the patients in breast cancer group was decreased(P<0.01),and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.717(P<0.01); the expression level of miR200b was also decreased (P=0.006), the AUC was 0.685 (P= 0.003); the expression levels of miR200a, miR200c and miR429 had no significant differences between two groups(P=0.268, P=0.075, P=0.872). The AUC of combination of miR200b and miR141 was 0.735(P<0.01), the efficacy was superior to that of miR141 used alone. There were no statistically significant associations between the expression levels of miR200 family and the clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer and postoperative overall survival(P>0.05).Conclusion: MiR200b and miR141 are likely to become the molecular biological parameters for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective: To analyze the stress-strain characteristics of the polycaprolactone (PCL) meniscus scaffold in the knee joint,and to evaluate its feasibility as an implant material.Methods: The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of volunteer knee joints was used to obtain the planar image data.A three-dimensional finite element model including the femur, tibia, fibula, femoral condyle and tibial plateau articular cartilage, medial and lateral menisci, and ligaments was established.The validity of the model was verified by calculating the contact area of the tibial plateau and comparing with the previous literatures.On this basis, the three-dimensional finite element model of the knee joint after medial meniscectomy was established by deleting the medial meniscus unit and node of the normal knee joint.The knee joint model was established after replacement of the PCL meniscus.The changes of meniscal displacement and contact pressure in three types of knee joint models under 1 400 N femoral axial vertical pressure and the changes of compressive stresses on the femoral articular cartilage and tibial plateau articular cartilage were compared.Results: The displacements of the medial and lateral menisci of the healthy knee joint under the axial compression load of 1 400 N femur were 0.83 and 1.76 mm,respectively. The displacements of the medial and lateral meniscus of the PCL model were 1.15 and 2.20 mm,respectively. Under the same load, the maximum compressive stresses of the healthy knee joint on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau were 2.5 and 1.7 MPa,respectively; the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral articular cartilage were 2.7 and 2.1 MPa, respectively. In the medial meniscus complete resection model, the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau articular cartilage were 9.0 and 7.0 MPa, respectively, which were normal increase of 260.0% and 311.7%, respectively, compared with the healthy model; and the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral condylar cartilage were 8.5 and 7.8 MPa, respectively, which were 214.8% and 271.4% higher than the normal models, respectively. When the medial meniscus was replaced with the PCL scaffold, the maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral cartilage of the tibial plateau articular cartilage were 2.7 and 1.8 MPa, respectively, which were 8.0% and 5.9% higher than those of the healthy knee joint model, respectively. The maximum compressive stresses on the medial and lateral femoral condyle cartilage were 3.0 and 2.2 Mpa, respectively, which were 11.1% and 4.8% higher than the normal model.Conclusion: The three-dimensional finite element model of knee joint of PCL material has good biomechanical ability, which can reduce the stress of articular cartilage of femoral condyle and tibial plateau after meniscectomy and achieve the purpose of protecting the articular cartilage.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the serum levels of coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) of the pregnant women and the neonatal body weight, and to clarify the influence of CoQ10 in the neonatal body weight.Methods: A total of 240 pregnant women were selected.The serum CoQ10 levels of the pregnant women were detected by ELISA.According to the neonatal body weight, the newborn babies were dividied into low body weight group, normal body weight group and marcrosomia group; the maternal serum CoQ10 levels were recorded.According to the seventy-fifth percentile of serum CoQ10, the subjects were divided into CoQ10≥0.85 μmol·L^-1 group and CoQ10<0.85 μmol·L^-1 group. The neonatal body weights were recorded. The correlation between the maternal serum CoQ10 level and the neonatal body weight was analyzed with Spearman correlation analysis method.Results: The serum CoQ10 levels of pregnant women in normal body weight group (0.91 μmol·L^-1±0.41 μmol·L^-1) and low body weight group (0.88 μmol·L^-1±0.38 μmol·L^-1) were higher than that in macrosomia group (0.64 μmol·L^-1±0.23 μmol·L^-1), and the differences were statistically significant (t=7.04,P<0.05;t=7.25,P<0.05); the serum level of CoQ10 of pregnant women was negative correlated with the neonatal birth weight(r=-0.17,P=0.00). The neonatal birth weight in CoQ10≥0.85 μmol·L^-1group(3 209.08 g±320.15 g) was lower than that in CoQ10＜0.85 μmol·L^-1 group(3 823.81 g±189.04 g), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).The CoQ10 levels at early pregnancy and late pregnancy and ΔCoQ10 were the factors influencing the neonatal birth weight (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the CoQ10 levels at early pregnancy and late pregnancy and ΔCoQ10 were the protective factors to affect the neonatal birth weight(P<0.05).Conclusion: The level of serum CoQ10 of the pregnant women has effect on the body weights of their newborns

Objective: To determine the expressions of Versican and a distintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motifs(ADAMTS-1) in serum in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, and to clarify their roles in the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods: A total of 80 patients with PCOS (PCOS group) and 100 healthy women (control group) were selected.The heights and body weights of the subjects in two groups were measured; and the body mass index(BMI) was calculated.The levels of serum Versican and ADAMTS-1 of the subjects in two groups were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) method.The levels of serum follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),fasting blood glucose(FBG),fasting insulin of the subjects in two groups were detected; insulin resistance was evaluated according to Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR).The correlations between Versican,ADAMTS-1 and the metabolic indexes were analyzed by Pearson linear correlation analysis.Results: The serum Versican level of the paticnts in PCOS group was significantly decreased compared with control group (P=0.004);the serum ADAMTS-1 level was also decreased (P<0.01). The sensitivities,the specificities and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of Versican and ADAMTS-1 in prediction of PCOS were 76.74% vs 63.64% (P=0.018),52.94% vs 40.73% (P=0.009) and 0.675 (0.550-0.795) vs 0.714(0.601-0.827) (P=0.032), respectively. The correlation analysis showed that in PCOS group the serum level of Versican of the patients was negatively correlated with FBG(r=-0.738,P=0.022), and ADAMTS-1 was negatively correlated with FBG(r= -0.524,P=0.043).Conclusion: Versican and ADAMTS-1 lowly express in the patients with PCOS. They are negatively correlated with the insulin resistance.They may play inhibitory effects in the occurrence of PCOS.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patient with laryngeal small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma(LSCNC) with long-term disease-free survival,and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of LSCNC.Methods: The clinical materials of a patient with primary LSCNC were collected,and the clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of LSCNC and extrapulmonary small cell cancer (EPSCC) combined with the relative literatures were analyzed.Results: The patient was a 55-year-old man who had a long history of heavy smoking and drinking, and presented with neck mass.The laryngoscope revealed the uneven mass on the left side of epiglottic laryngeal surface.The subsequent biopsy of the neck mass indicated lymph node metastasis.The patient underwent laryngectomy and bilateral cervical lymph node dissection.The postoperative pathology indicated LSCNC; the immunohistochemistry results showed CD56(NK-1)(+), CK-pan(+), CgA(-), Syn(-)and Ki-67(+90%).The patient underwent radiotherapy to the tumor bed and lymph node drainage area and 6 courses of chemotherapy with EP regimen.No prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was conducted.Regular follow-up with laryngoscope, crainial MRI and other examinations showed no recurrence and metastasis.The patient still alive with disease-free survival of 38 months now.Conclusion: LSCNC is highly malignant.The diagnosis mainly depends on the pathohistomorphology and immunohistochemistry examination.The combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is commonly used for LSCNC at present.PCI is not recommended routinely.Multimodality treatment can improve the prognosis.

Objective: To explore the pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment methods of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery(ALCAPA),and to improve the clinicians' understanding of the disease.Methods: The clinical data of an adult patient with ALCAPA who had been misdiagnosed as endocardial fiborelastosis(EFE)were retrospectively analyzed;in the meanwhile,the related literatures were reviewed.Results: The patient admitted to hospital because of her intermittent precordial pain,chest tightness and shortness of breath,and suffered from more than 2 months,aggravated for 3 d. The patient was preliminarily diagnosed as cardiomyopathy (considering the great possibility of EFE),atrial fibrillation,NYHA Ⅲ.After treatment,paroxysmal retrosternal pain still occurred,and ventricular fibrillation occurred one time.Finally,the patient was diagnosed as ALCAPA by coronary artery CTA,and treated by coronary artery bypass grafting.After operation,the patient recovered well.Conclusion: ALCAPA is relatively rare,and its clinical manifestations lack specificity,so it is easy to misdiagnose.Coronary artery CTA is an effective diagnostic method,and operation is the first choice for its treatment.

Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics of Sjogren's syndrome(SS)with pulmonary bullae in both lungs as lung imaging performance,to analyze the common lung imaging performance ofSS, and to impove the clinicians' understanding of the common lung imaging performace of the SS patients.Methods: The clinical materials, the results of bronchoscope and pathological examination of a SS patient with pulmonary bullae in both lungs as lung imaging performance were collected,and the relative literatures were reviewed.Results: A young female patient with dyspnea and hemoptysis as the chief complaint was permitted to the hospital.The physical examination results showed rampant tooth and there were no other obvious positive signs.The chest CT results showed the pulmonary bullae in both lungs.Further rheumatism examinations,corneal staining, labial gland biopsy and other assistant examinations were performed,and the patient received the related treatment.The serum immunological results indicated anti-SSA, anti-SSB, and corneal staining(+),and the rheumatoid factors were all positive; the pathology of the lower labial gland biopsy showed the number of lymphocytes in each lesion≥ 50; the patient was diagnosed as SS finally.The patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide.After the treatment, the symptoms of the patient were improved.After discharged from the hospital,the patient was treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide continuously for 2 months.However, reviewing of chest CT showed no significant changes in the lung bullae in both lungs.Conclusion: SS is a connective tissue disease with diverse clinical manifestations.When the lungs are involved, the lung imaging performance also presents no specificity.When the patient's chest CT indicates the presence of multiple pulmonary bullae in both lungs, and no causes are find out, the possibility of SS should be considered; so that early detection and early treatment should be performed, and misdiagnosis and delay treatment of illness can be avoided.

Objective: To discuss the diagnosis and treatment process of abnormally elevated blood pressure in the patient treated with rifampicin and antihypertensive drugs, to analyze the interaction between rifampicin and antihypertensive drugs, and to improve the clinicians' understanding of the administration in the patients.Methods: The clinical materials of a patient treated with rifampicin and antihypertensive drugs were collected,and the relationship between the blood pressure change and drug was analyzed.The changes of concentrations of dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists after administration of rifampin were observed and the relative literatures were reviewed.Results: A 58-year-old man with coughing and coughing for 1 month was admitted to hospital.The patient was definitely diagnosed as tuberculosis and hypertension before admission;the patient was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and felodipine together.The original treatment plan was continued and the blood pressure of the patient was monitored.On the 9th day of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the patient developed dizziness, chest tightness, and severe fluctuations in blood pressure.Then rifampicin was stopped and antihypertensive drugs were adjusted.At the beginning of blood pressure fluctuation of the patient, the combination of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and the increasing dose of dihydropyridine-based calcium antagonists did not control the blood pressure.The blood pressure began to decrease significantly at 36 h after rifampin was stopped.On the 18th day of anti-tuberculosis treatment, the original antihypertensive plan was restored and the blood pressure remained stable.Conclusion: Rifampicin can sometimes significantly reduce the effect iveness of antihypertensive drugs (such as dihydropyridine calcium antagonists), and the clinicians should pay attention to it.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of microcephaly, seizures and developmental delay (MCSZ), to analyze the genetic pedigree, to summarize its diagnosis and treatment, and to improve the understanding of the clinicians for MCSZ.Methods: The clinical data of a child with MCSZ were collected and brain MRI plain scan was performed. The blood samples of the patient and his parents were collected for whole exome gene sequencing.Results: The clinical manifestations of the patient were small anterior fontanel and head circumference, intractable epilepsy and growth retardation.He died of persistent convulsions at 4 months.Brain MRI plain scan showed holoprosencephaly, dysplasia of white matter and cerebellum, enlargement of cisterna magna and flat skull base.There were novel compound heterozygous mutations of PNKP gene in the patient, with the heterozygous pathogenic mutation of c.976G > A (p.Glu326Lys) and the unknown clinical significant heterozygous mutation of c.1482C > T (p.Gly494=).His mother had a heterozygous pathogenic mutation of c.976G > A (p.Glu326Lys) and his father carried a unknown clinical significant heterozygous mutation of c.1482C > T (p.Gly494=).Conclusion: The patient is clinically diagnosed as MCSZ and is fatal.There are novel compound heterozygous mutations of PNKP gene in the patient, among which the heterozygous mutation c.1482C > T (p.Gly494=) may be a newly discovered pathogenic mutation.

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics,imaging features and therapy of lymphocytic hypophysitis(LYH),and to clarify the importance of definitive diagnosis and hormonal therapy.Methods: The clinical materials of a LYH patient diagnosed by the post-operative pathology were collected;combined with the relative literatures,the clinical performance,imageological features and diagnosis and treatment methods were analyzed.Results: The patient was a 28 years old woman with intermittent headache for 2 months and went to hospital.There was no abnormal signs on physical examination.The cephalic MRI results showed the pituitary space-occupying lesions.Relevant examinations including thyroid color Dopplar ultrasound,pituitary thyroid hormone,Gonarelin test and so on were performed.The clinical manifestations, imaging examinations and laboratory examinations suggested pituitary adenomas.The patient underwent transsphenoidal saddle area surgery.The post-operative pathology suggested LYH.After operation, the headache symptom was improved obviously, but the hypopituitarism presented, and the patient was given hormone replacement therapy.It took 3 months for the patient to recover the normal levels of sexual hormones and menstruation.But intermittent headache and hypothyroidism still prestented.Conclusion: It is difficult to distinguish LYH from pituitary adenoma.Pathological biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of LYH.Hypopituitarism may exist after surgical treatment, and long-term hormone replacement therapy should be initiated as needed.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of a patient with of Gaucher's disease with bone destruction as the main performance, and to provide the reference for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods: The clinical data of a case of Gaucher's disease with bone destruction as the main performance was summarized.Combined with the related literature review, the clinical performance, complications, treatment plan, prognosis and the latest relevant research progress of the patients with Gaucher's disease were analyzed.Results: A male patient, 49 years old, was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent right thigh pain for two years, with family history of Gaucher's disease and his parents were consanguineous marriage.The patient was diagnosed as Gaucher's disease 7 years ago.Combined with the patient's history, clinical performance, family history and various auxiliary examination results, the patient was diagnosed as Gaucher's disease, right femur bone destruction, hypersplenism.The patient's right femur was extensively damaged, and the right thigh was severely painful.The patient could not afford the long-term enzyme replacement treatment and planned to have a lesion resection.Because hypersplenism and thrombocytopenia were contraindication for surgery, partial embolization of the splenic artery was performed twice (the first embolization volume was 25%, and the second embolization volume was 35%).Blood cell count was performed one week after spleen embolization, which was significantly improved: platelet count 87×10⁹L^-1, hemoglobin 91 g·L^-1, and surgical treatment was planned.However, the pain was relieved and the patient gave up surgery.The patient was recommended to avoid injury, reduce weight-bearing,and prevent the pathological fractures;the patient was followed up regularly.Conclusion: The incidence of Gaucher's disease is increased in consanguineous marriage.A preliminary diagnosis was made based on the family history, clinical performance, and various auxiliary examinations, and further confirmed according to the detection of glucocerebrosidase activity.The patients with type Ⅰ Gaucher's disease are eligible for enzyme replacement therapy.Without enzyme replacement therapy, the patients with chronic history will be concurrent bone destruction, hypersplenism, need symptomatic treatment such as surgery.

Objective: To observe the image and clinical characteristics of the supernumerary teeth of the adolescents, and to elucidate the clinical application value of cone beam CT(CBCT) in the diagnosis of supernumerary teeth.Methods: A total of 146 adolescents with supernumerary teeth scanned by CBCT and comfirmed were selected.The patient's gender, supernumerary teeth localization, number, shape and the root resorption of adjacent teeth were retrospectively analyzed.The changes in the root resorption rates of adjacent teeth induced by different supernumerary teeth shapes were evaluated.Results: The proportion of men to women with supernumerary teeth in 146 patients was 1.98:1(97/49). Among them,95(65.07%) patients were single supernumerary teeth. There were 203 supernumerary teeth in the 146 patients;among them,132(65.02%)supernumerary teeth were conical,112(55.17%) supernumerary teeth were inverted, and 48(23.65%) supernumerary teeth were curved root. There was no statistically significant difference between the root resorption rates of adjacent teeth induced by the different shapes of supernumerary teeth(P>0.05).Conclusion: CBCT can show the localization, the number of supernumerary teeth and other image and clinical charactersistics, which can provide the important evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of supernumerary teeth.

Objective: To investigate the preparation process of polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer/hydroxyapatite (PLGA/HA) microcarriers by electrostatic spraying method, and to elucidate the superiority of PLGA/HA microcarriers.Methods: The PLGA/HA microcarriers were prepared by electrostatic spraying method using nano-HA (20 nm, 99.9%) and PLGA (LA/GA=50/50, Mw30k),and the influence of different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%) and different voltages (4.0, 4.5, > 5.0 kV) of HA in the morphology of the microcarriers was investigated and the best ball making parameters were obtained.The PLGA microcarriers were used as PLGA group, PLGA+1%HA as 1% PLGA/HA group, PLGA+3% HA as 3% PLGA/HA group, PLGA+5%HA as 5%PLGA/HA group, and the simple cells were used as blank control group.The characteristics of PLGA/HA microcarriers were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cell proliferation test, cell fluorescence staining experiment, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).Results: The SEM results showed that the microcarrier particles were uniform, all of them were elliptical or circular, without abnormal shape spheres, with smooth surface, without sharp edges, adhesion between the spheres and aggregation, and there were no significant differences between the different concentrations of microcarriers.The cell proliferation test results showed that the order of adhesion cells was 5%PLGA/HA group > 3%PLGA/HA group > 1% PLGA/HA group > PLGA group > blank control group (P<0.05); the number of cells was increased with the increasing of HA concentration; the microcarriers in 5%PLGA/HA group had the best cell affinity and the microcarriers had no cytotoxity.The cell fluorescence staining experiment showed that the MC3T3-E1 cells adhered well on the microcarriers.The FTIR analysis results showed that HA characteristic absorption peak was observed, indicating that the composite microcarrier contained PLGA and HA.Conclusion: The preparation process of PLGA/HA microcarriers is successfully established by electrostatic spraying method.The method is simple and convenient to operate, and has excellent ball-making effect.It has broadly application prospects in bone tissue engineering.