The Early Cretaceous intermediate and acid volcanic rocks are widely distributed in the north of the Da Hinggan Mountains. The lower part of this combination is composed mainly of trachyte-trachyandesite, while the upper part is composed mainly of rhyolite. They have the same forming time. LA-ICP-MS ziron U-Pb age of these rocks are 130 Ma, corresponding to the Hauterivian period of the Early Cretaceous in age. The geochemical study suggests that volcanic rocks are rich in silicon, alkalis and poor in magnesium. All samples have similar characteristics of REE patterns which are charecterized by significant fractionation of HREE and LREE and strong negative Eu anoalies. These evidence indicates that the volcanic rocks have the characteristics of homologous evolution. Comparing the age with the fossil ages in the surrounding sedimentary stratas reveals that the volcanic rocks are continuously evolved in the depositional age of the upper and lower normal sedimentary stratas. The fossil age of the Nantun Formation under the volcanic rocks is the Valanginian period of the Early Cretaceous, corresponding to the numerical age of 139-132 Ma and that of the Damoguaihe-Yimin Formation above it is the late Hauterivian-Barremian period of the Early Cretaceous, corresponding to the numerical age of 129-125 Ma. These evidence reveals that the north part of the Da Hinggan Mountains suffered a successive evolution from sedimentation to volcanism to sedimentation during the Early Cretaceous(139-125 Ma), reflecting the evolution characteristics of the extensional basins. The volcanic rocks with the age of 130 Ma represents a regional eruption event and also it has an important significance for dividing stratigraphic sequence in Early Cretaceous.

With steam soaking turned into later period, influence of reservoir heterogeneity on reservoir development effect is more and more remarkable. Taking Yulou oil bearing sets in a certain experimental area in south end of westward slope of West depression in Liaohe Basin as an example, reservoir is characterized based on geological data, logging data, and testing data. A fan delta front sedimentary system formed regionally, and showed a strong reservoir heterogeneity due to frequent river diversion of underwater distributary channel. Representative parameters for reservoir properties were selected for quantitative evaluation with a clustering analysis method. The target reservoir was classified into four types, type I, type II, type III, and type IV. The types of reservoir were obviously controlled by sedimentary facies. Reservoir of type I and type II were mainly located in place of underwater distributary channel and channel mouth bar, and reservoirs of type III and type IV primarily situated in position of sandstone between underwater distributary channels and frontal sheet sand. Each type of reservoir should be treated specifically during thermal recovery system changing.

The tight oil reservoir characteristics and densification causes of Jurassic Badaowan Formation in Mosuowan-mobei area of Junggar basin were studied by using integrated analysis of cores, thin section identification, scan election microscope and well logging data. The results show that reservoir has a low and ultra-low porosity and permeability in general, is a typical deep tight sandstone reservoir. Reservoir sand body is mainly delta front subaqueous distributary channel fine and middle-fine sandstone, maturity is low, with high debris content, high content of plastic lithic and low content of cement, that is, "two high and one low". It can be divided into three porosity evolution zones in vertical which taking 4 100 m and 4 500 m as the boundary, they are reducing-primary, stable-mixing, and increasing-secondary pore. The pore size is mainly middle-small, and the pore throat is middle-fine pore-fine throat with poor sorting, connectivity, percolation ability and structure are relatively poor. Tight sand reservoir is controlled by relative stability of sedimentary environment, main component of reservoir rock, burial depth and cements occurrence state, and so on, which constitute the background, internal and external densification. The densification reservoir of Badaowan Formation formed mainly due to relatively stable deposition environment, low compositional maturity, high debris and plastic debris content, deeply buried reservoir make pressolution largely reducing pore space, and different types of cements in four states filling pore throat.

The main types of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs consist of fracture-cavity type, high energy pore type, and pore-fracture type by pressure solution in block two of Tahe oilfield. Based on core, thin section, seismic, well logging, and well test data, we analyzed characteristics and distribution of each type of reservoir. There are 10 types of reservoir spaces, including dissolved pore, eroded fracture, tectonic fracture, inter particle pore, intra particle pore, moldic pore, intercrystal pore, stylolite, and micro-fracture in carbonate reservoirs. In fact, these reservoirs are all evolved from grainstones formed in high energy sedimentary belts. Grainstones evolved into secondary micro-pore dominating reservoirs by compaction and cementation, and they also formed pressolution pore-fracture reservoirs by pressolution and dolomitization, which developed dissolved fracture-cavity reservoirs. Affected by distribution of sediment facies and diagenesis, it develop grainstone and cloudy limestone in the south. Due to strong weathering and denudation in the north, it formed reservoirs with large dissolution cavities. With developing of ancient rivers at eastern slope, dissolution pores and cavities developed along the ancient river. Controlled by deep faults in the west, dissolution pores and cavities vertically developed along the fracture.

Genesis and distribution characteristics of sandstone bodies in the Guantao Formation of Matouying uplift was made by means of the core data, logging data and three-dimensional seismic data. The results show that two valleys, being large-scale, extending far, and near north-south and NNWSSE direction, had developed in the presedimentation of Guantao Formation (Ng) of Matouying uplift. The deposition is controlled by north provenance. Alluvial fan, braided river and meandering river sedimentary sequence was formed in the Guantao Formation, among which the lower Member 3 of Guantao Formation is made up of braided channel and interchannel debris flow facies in the middle fan of alluvial fan, and braided channel of middle fan is the genesis of sand body; the upper Member 3 of Guantao Formation consists of braided channel and flood plain facies of braided river, channel lag deposit and channel bar are the genesis of sand bodies; the Member 2 and Member 1 of Guantao Formation are meandering river deposit, and channel lag deposit, point-bar, crevasse splay, and natural levee are the main genetic types of reservoir sand-body. Guantao Formation can be identified as three long-term datum plane cycles, seven middle-term datum plane cycles, and sixteen to nineteen short-term datum plane cycles. The high-resolution isochronous stratigraphic framework can be built using short-term sequence cycles as an isochronous stratigraphic correlation unit. The distribution of sand body model is controlled by sequence stratigraphic framework, and the lower part of short-term sequence cycles with the larger thickness of sandstone is the main reservoir in the Member 2 of Guantao Formation. Well loging constrainted high-resolution inversion improves the reservoir prediction accuracy of thin-layer channel sand body based on high-resolution sequence framework, and the plain distribution of net to gross ratio reflects the NE-SW spreading characteristics of meandering channel sand bodies in the Member 2 of Guantao Formation.

Based on 41 analyzed results of carbon and oxygen isotope, we have discussed the compositions, evolution and geological significance of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C recorded in the carbonates of Ordovician in Yubei area of Tarim basin, using petrologic method. The result shows that δ¹³C values range from -2.6‰ to 0.7‰, with average value of -1.0‰; and δ¹⁸O values range from -9.4‰ to -3.5‰, with average value of -6.9‰. The values of paleosalinity range from 118.39 to 126.34, with average value of 121.94. The transformation of freshwater in Early Ordovician is strong. The isotopic composition and evolution not only indicate the sedimentary environment, but also show positive correlation with bioproductivity and palaeo-sea level changes:low value of δ¹³C corresponding to platform shoal of restricted platform environment, high value of δ¹³C corresponds to interbank sea and platform shoal of open marine platform. Different carbon and oxygen isotopes composition also indicates different diagenetic environments. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O value of Yingshan Formation are high negative, which suggest that carbonates experienced strong epigenic karstification. The values of δ¹³C are low to medium negative and δ¹⁸O are high negative in Penglaiba Formation, and saddle dolomite and flint occur in the dolomitite reservoir, indicating that carbonate experienced buried diagenetic environment. The δ¹³C values in Lianglitage Formation are low positive and δ¹⁸O are high negative, which suggest that carbonate experienced buried diagenetic environment.

The Daqing placanticline is the highest and largest anticline in the Songliao basin, which has been highly concerned for a long time because of its abundant oil-gas resources and the controversy for its formation time. On the basis of the detailed geological interpretation of 3D and 2D seismic profile in Daqing placanticline, with application of growth strata theory the timing and its geological significance of Daqing placanticline can be determinate. The study indicates that the Daqing placanticline is a large NNE-trending anticline due to a NWW-SEE direction compression. The growth strata contain Nenjiang-Mingshui Formation in the northern Daqing placanticline, Member 4 of Nenjiang Formation-Mingshui Formation in the middle of Daqing placanticline and Sifangtai-Mingshui Formation in southern Daqing placanticline. Based on seismic interpretations, the thickness of growth strata gradually increases from high position to low position of the structure and have characteristic wedge shaped sedimentation; The thickness of pre-growth strata are equal from high position to low position of the structure. The stage of nearly NWW-SEE compression in Songliao basin begun from the deposition of the Nenjiang Formation and ended to the deposition of the Mingshui Formation, leading to form the Daqing placanticline. The different part of anticline of Daqing placanticline has different timings, heights and rates. The stage of compression during Late Cretaceous in Songliao basin may be related to the subduction of Pacific plate. It also has significant influence for the migration and reservoir of hydrocarbon in Songliao basin.

It has been difficult to approach an accurate and quantitative characterization of the evolution of tectonic fracture attitudes. By defining the mechanical properties of fracture and the mechanics parameters of rocks, and on the basis of restoration of the paleo-tectonic morphology, an optimal failure criterion has been selected after the numerical simulation of paleo-stress field during the fracturing, to predict the occurrence and distribution of fractures. This brings forward a new idea to predict paleo-fracture occurrence by paleo-fracture stress field and the fracture was reconstructed by the late tectonic activity. That is, through the three-dimensional spatial variation rule of rock strata of early and late stage a theoretical fracture transformation space model was established, which is corresponding to different tectonic active period. By utilizing the mathematical derivation of the algorithm and quantitative analysis of evolution of fracture, the prediction accuracy of the fracture occurrence is improved. In the end, the Fu-2 Member reservoir in the eastern flank of Tongcheng fault zone is taken as an example for the quantitative prediction of attitudes evolution of structural fracture. Combined with tectonic evolution, the tectonic fracture evolution can be divided into three stages:the Late Funing movement and formation of fracture, the Dainan movement and fracture development, the Sanduo movement and fracture separation.

To find out the relationship between the characteristic of geogas particles and concealed deposit, geogas particles have been sampled from Bingba copper deposit in Guanling County of Guizhou Province, and analyzed by transmission electron microscope. The results revealed that geogas particles are in the form of particle aggregations and individual particles, of which the former is dominant. The shapes of individual particles are mainly spherical, platy, cuboidal, ellipsoidal, strip shaped, and irregular, with a size generally ranging from several nanometers to 300 nm. The shapes of particle aggregations are mainly chain-shaped, rounded, and irregular. The elemental composition of geogas particles shows a good correlation with concealed metal ore bodies. High concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn are found in many geogas particles, which have certain significance for future mineral exploration. Moreover, by comparing the characteristics of geogas particles from different concealed metal mines the authors find that the types, elemental composition and morphology of geogas particles are different in different types of deposits, but with great similarities over the same type of deposit. There is good correlation between characteristics of geogas particles in deposit and deep concealed deposit. There is a great similarity in elemental composition and sizes of particles under similar geological environment, though there still exist some differences in the combination of particles and shape. Therefore, by analyzing the characteristics of geogas particles from concealed metal deposits, models of geogas particles characteristics from different deposit types can be established which is of great value for concealed deposit exploration.

Resources and reserves estimation play an important role in different stages such as mineral exploration, mining design, production, management and so on. Geostatistics method has many advantages over traditional method in reserves estimation and is becoming more and more widely used. Reasonable setting of block size has a great influence on reserve estimation results, however, in practice, block size is usually defined on the basis of personal experience or subjective judgment, which is a lack of scientific support. In this study, after summarizing predecessors' work and experience, block size selection for reserves estimation was studied for the stages of exploration and production respectively. According to the characteristics of different stages, the relationships between block size and grade, reserves, estimation variance, selective mining unit were discussed for each stage and advices on reasonable block size selection were provided. Moreover, a large molybdenum deposit was used as engineering background to undertake in-depth analysis and experiments. It is concluded that block size selection not only affects grade variation and ore volume calculation but also the economic and technical evaluation of mining. Block size of 15 m×15 m×15 m is recommended for the reserve estimation of this deposit.

NE China was traditionally considered the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) and was composed of different mico-blocks in the Paleozoic. There are some debates about the collision age and location between the Xing'an and Songliao-Nenjiang blocks in NE China. The discovery of the records of the Early Paleozoic magmatism is a key to solve the debates. Early Paleozoic diorites are indentified in this study in the Nenjiang area, western Heilongjiang Province. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating indicates an age of (435.3±1.1)Ma. The diorites have 55.01%-61.82 wt% SiO₂, and 14.97%-16.67 wt% Al₂O₃, with Na₂O+K₂O=4.55%-6.94 wt%, and exhibit high Na₂O/K₂O and low FeOT/MgO (0.51-0.96) ratios, and moderate K₂O (0.10%-2.12%), TiO₂ (0.99%-1.42%), and P₂O₅ (0.33%-0.49%). These results indicate that the diorites belong to medium K calc-alkaline series. Their A/CNK and A/NK values range from 0.78 to 1.35 and 1.63 to 2.21 respectively,which are generally consistent with those of type I granites. The diorites display right-inclined rare earth element (REE) patterns (La/Yb)_N=9.86-13.93,with relatively high total REE abundances (ΣREE=227.02×10^-6-289.17×10^-6), and week Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu*=0.88-1.02). In trace elements, the diorites are characterized by depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs,such as Nb and Ti). The primary magma of the diorites in the northeast Nenjiang area was generated by partial melting of mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by subduction-related fluids. Integrating regional data and the research result of this study it is suggest that the Nenjiang diorites was formed in an active continental margin setting, resulting from subduction of the paleo Nenjiang-Heihe oceanic plate located between the Xing'an and Songliao blocks.

There exist a set of intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in Tahe, north east part of Erguna massif,which consist of basaltic-andestite, basaltic-trachyandesite and trachybasalt. This set of volcanic rocks was previously allocated to the Middle-Late Jurassic Tamulangou Formation. However, according to the ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U isotope of zircon determination data of (501.1±1.4) Ma (n=23) and (500.50±0.95) Ma(n=14)for basaltic-andestite and trachybasalt, it is the first reported existence of Cambrian volcanic rocks north of Tahe. Intermediate-basic volcanic shows the sub alkalne shoshonite series feature, and without any metamorphose; negative Eu anomalies, (La/Yb)_N=16.63-25.91; Rich Ba, Rb, Sr, and K and depletion Nb,Ta,Ti. The magma is likely related to the extension in the island-arc background, and it is considered that there exists the Cambrian in the certain range of this area. The research results provide new materials for re-evaluating the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in local area of northern Da Hing gan, discussing the evolution history of Xinlin-Xiguitu fault, and the continental crust evolution of Erguna massif at the southwest edge of the Siberia plate.

Dawu complex is located in the western part of the Dabie orogenic belt. The complex is mainly composed of gneissic granite. To constrain the timing of the formation and deformation processes of the complex, a set of integrated zircon U-Pb and muscovite ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar dating were carried out. The conducted zircon U-Pb LA-ICP-MS isotopic dating of the gneissic granites from the complex showed Th/U ratios in the range of 0.79-4.29 indicating the zircon is a typical magmatic mineral. The weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age is(810±63)Ma (n=12, MSWD=0.021), which is considered to be the formation age of the gneiss. The ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of muscovite from the gneissic granites in the central part of Dawu complex yields a plateau age of (210.5±1.4) Ma and an isochron age of (211.6±2.5) Ma. The new dating results support that:(1) The strongly deformed magmatic rocks in the Dawu complex were formed in the Neoproterozoic rather than Cretaceous, (2) Large scale crustal deformation and exhumation of the Precambrian rocks mainly occurred in Late Triassic (211 Ma). Since the Late Triassic tectonic processes were related to exhumation of the HP-UHP metamorphic rocks in western Dabie orogen, it is worth investigating the relationship between the formation of the Dawu complex and the exhumation of the HP-UHP metamorphic rock in the study area. Meanwhile, most of the foliations and lineations in the Dawu complex formed after the regional HP-UHP metamorphism, we therefore infer that the Late Triassic deformation occurred in the geodynamic settings of late to post-orogeny, and might be accompanied by large scale crustal extension and lithospheric thinning.

There is a large number of critical precipitation standard with different scales of regional landslide early warning, but the models are still exist some problems such as poor extensionality in warning space, low accuracy in warning time and unsuitable critical precipitation threshold. For establishing the landslide early warning model by the critical precipitation threshold, taken as an example of Touzhai gully which is located in Pan River basin, Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, two weather stations in different altitude in the study area are set up respectively. The paper compared characteristics of precipitation of the two different locations based on one year observed data of precipitation. The precipitation of the two positions varies significantly with altitude as the precipitation gradient is up to 190 mm/hm. The difference of the precipitation duration is the main contribution factor of the difference of precipitation between 1# and 2# of this area. The precipitation difference between 1# and 2# are very small when it rains lightly, but it will have 1-2 levels when it rains heavily in 2# and there is 59.26% probability of heavily rainfall. When there is a rainstorm in 1#, the probability of heavy rain and even rainstorm in 2# is 100%. The precipitation at night is greater than during the day in no matter 1# or 2#, most of heavy precipitation events occurred in the night.

According to historical records and the evidence of accumulation area, Dadu River blocking due to Moxi River debris flow happen easily and frequently in history, it's a typical case of debris flow blocking the river. For analyzing the movement of debris flow confluence with the main river and the effect of key parameters deeply, in this paper, the physical simulation experiment was carried out by using 1:500 geometric similarity. And some conclusions are drawn as the followings. Firstly, the bulk density and flow rate of debris flow is the major impact on the debris flow blocking the main river,and there is a critical point for the occurrence of the river blocked. Secondly, the influence of the speed ratio is small. Secondly, the main factor for the debris flow blocked the Dadu River is bulk density, flow ratio, and there is a critical point for the occurrence of the river blocked. And finally, the early identification index of Dadu River blocking due to Moxi River debris flow is obtained. When the Moxi River debris flow is greater than 2 000 m³/s, material composition is medium-coarse sand mixed with drifting pebbles and thick, Dadu River is blocked easily due to Moxi River debris flow. The experiment and conclusion has practical significance to secondary disaster chain disaster prevention and mitigation of Moxi River debris flow. It also provides a technical method for the early identification of debris flow confluence with the main river and the experimental research.

The structural design difference among anti-slide piles, bridge piles and ordinary lateral loaded piles is that anti-slide piles allowed larger horizontal displacement and more reinforcement than ordinary piles. The load structure calculation method of the anti-slide piles adopt allowable displacement in 10 mm. This way can't fully play resistance capability of a large displacement in the design of anti-slide pile. Using the principles of reinforced concrete flexural members mechanics, the paper introduced of the crack control guidelines. On the basis of the load-structure calculation method, replaced the horizontal displacement control by crack guidelines, it carried out anti-slide piles design checking. This method can be developed to maximize the resistance capacity of anti-slide piles. The formula of anti-slide piles design checking method is derived based on "K" method. And the principle, calculation and design process of the crack control design method of anti-slide are described. Taken the project of the K593+850-K594+070 landslide of the Shiyan-Tianshui highway as an example, the paper analyzed composition and influencing factors of the anti-slide pile with top horizontal,and compared the crack control design method with traditional design methods.

In order to find out reservoir temperature distribution of geothermal reservoir in Beijing, aiming to complement the geothermal research of Beijing, data of 37 geothermal water samples from Beijing downtown, where has a relatively long development history of geothermal resources, including position, depth, temperature and chemistry, have been collected. Water-rock equilibrium state of the geothermal water is evaluated by the Na-K-Mg geothermometry, and Jixian Formation reservoir temperatures in the Beijing depression are calculated by using ion and SiO₂ geothermometry. Vertical characteristics of reservoir temperature in the Jixian Formation are also analyzed. The results show that 35 out of 37 samples have not reached equilibrium, and the content of dissolved SiO₂ is controlled by quartz in the geothermal water. Reservoir temperature of the Jianxian Formation within depth of 1 000-4 000 m ranges from 65.6-110.0℃, and its vertical variation is governed by difference of sedimentation. From 0 to 2 000 m, no obvious trend can be observed due to the drastic change in sedimentation; below 2 000 m, reservoir temperature increases with depth, and the geothermal gradient is 3.1℃/hm.

Geothermal anomaly areas exploration is essential for the development and utilization of geothermal energy. 2-meter temperature survey and associated apparatus are used to get temperature and thermal conductivity data of 1-2 m depth in a hot springs area of Dongshan, Xiamen. Then temperature contour map of 2 m depth and heat flow density distribution map of shallow layer are drawn, geothermal anomaly areas of research area are delineated. The one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction model is used for ground temperature inversion of 20 m depth. Then inversion results are compared with measured temperature of 20 m depth. The results show that the effect of 2 meters temperature survey for geothermal anomaly areas is obvious and prediction result of one-dimensional steady-state heat conduction model is consistent with measured results. This method can be used as an effective mean for early stage geothermal exploration.

For the problem of dust pollution and coring for diamond drilling in mine area, which can not meet the requirement of drilling core, in this paper,a drilling system named RC DTH hammer is used to instead of diamond drilling method. With a high drilling efficiency, the RC DTH hammer drilling method overcome the problems in mine area, especially for the pollution, core, and the health of workers. In order to make full use of the method, two new RC bits are designed and applying software LSDYNA to analysis the strength of the structures of two bits. The two drill bits made good performances in the field tests, however, the bit with nozzle holes in splines broke frequently during drilling. The simulation consequence showed that the stress of RC bit with nozzle holes in splines has much larger than the allowed value of fatigue limit of 35CrMo, which is the primary cause to this test failure. The conclusion of simulation is in great agreement with that of field test, proving that the ring slot should not be designed nearby the nozzle hoes when designing a RC drill bit.

The vibration of drillstring is a common problem while drilling. Serious vibration is one of the most important reasons leading to bit and drillstring failure, which can reduce drilling efficiency and increase cost. So how to identify and suppress drilling vibration is a vital task and many researches have been done about this. Through the review of theoretical study and latest progress of drillstring dynamics, summarization of laboratory test research, the latest development of vibration monitoring device and suppression tool are introduced in this paper. Main solution of the problem should include drillstring dynamics software on the basis of theoretical study and laboratory test, vibration monitoring device and proper vibration suppression tool. Meanwhile, the research of vibration suppression integrated technology is proposed.

To improve the discretization technique, adaptive unstructured quadrilateral grid finite element (FE) procedure is presented for solving weighted residual formulation of magnetotelluric (MT) fields in 2-D conductivity structures. The finer the meshes are, the more accurate the numerical solutions are. However, this is at the cost of time-consuming and large memory requirement. Adaptive mesh refinement generally provides an optimization of both run time and accuracy since in the method meshes are only refined where the electrical parameters vary intensely, while coarsen in the slow electrical resistivity change region. Due to the fact that regular grids have no potential to incorporate arbitrary topography and complex geologic structures, we introduced COMSOL Multiphysics software package to build arbitrary geometries and subdivide them with free quadrilaterals, then apply meshes information to our algorithm. Comparison with analytical solutions and previous numerical solutions demonstrate a high-accuracy and flexibility of numerical simulations based on unstructured grid, a new technology to discretize the computating domain.

In seismic data acquisition, it is always difficult to collect near offset data due to the influences of surface conditions, source and so on, affecting the follow-up data processing. We proposed a reconstruction method of near offset using multiples and two dimensional matched filters to solve the problem. First, we constructed pseudo primaries from surface-related multiples with cross-correlation method. Then we computed matched filters from the pseudo primaries and reconstruct near offset using the filters in time and space window. Finally, root mean square amplitude correction method was used to correct the amplitude of reconstruction data. The reconstruction process was designed in frequency domain to avoid large amount of calculation based on Wiener filtering method to get the matched filters, the computational efficiency was improved by using fast Fourier transform algorithm. The spatial continuity of the data reconstructed by two dimensional matched filters is better than that of one dimensional matched filters. We proved the correctness and effectiveness of the method by testing on Sigsbee 2B data and real seismic data.

Because the fractured reservoirs have outstanding resource potential and economic benefits, fine quantitative characterization on fractured reservoirs using seismic methods is becoming one of the key tasks of exploration geophysics. To overcome the disadvantages of the conventional methods of data driven inversion which cannot acquire fracture parameters directly, and of the model driven inversion method based on the static equivalent medium theory which cannot characterize the internal pore structure and fluid information, we propose a quantitative reservoir characterization method based on a dynamic equivalent media model. The method establishes the objective function using frequency-dependent AVO theory and uses a global optimization algorithm to estimate fracture parameters. Through applying our method to 1D and 2D models, we can confirm that, by taking full advantage of the sensitivity of frequency-dependent response of the reflection coefficient to the fracture density and time scale factor, the inversion algorithm can effectively characterize the fractured reservoir.

The major factors impacting the quality of reverse time migration can be quantified via seismic illumination analysis. A target-oriented seismic directional illumination analysis and imaging compensation method based on Poynting vector is implemented. The source and receiver waves are decomposed into different propagation directions based on their Poynting vectors. Partial illumination from incident/scattering waves propagating along different directions are calculated and a local illumination matrix is acqcuired. The matrix is composed of information related to the incident angle, scattering angle, reflection angle, and the structure dip angle, which can be used as the basis for angle-domain illumination analysis. The subsurface illumination and acquisition dip response can be obtained according to local illumination matrix and image can be compensated by acquisition dip response. SEG/EAGE model is used as a numerical example and the image quantity is improved effectively. The method can be used on image compensation and resolution analysis efficiently.

Because the microseismic signals are very weak, it is difficult to accurately pick up the microseismic events in the microseismic surface monitoring. To automatically identify microseismic signals, a discriminant frequency estimation algorithm of pattern recognition method based on STA/LTA was proposed in the article. This method can pick up low-energy microseismic events that could be missed by setting a threshold, and it is faster than traditional STA/LTA. In this paper, we also utilize amplitude stacking to locate the source of microseismic events. By analyzing the focus of energy of the stacked amplitude, false events can be further eliminated. Therefore, the method can describe the development of the underground cracks more accurately. Finally, the method is verified by a fracture monitoring experiment around a horizontal well in northern Hebei Province. The results show that the method is highly efficient in computation and the monitoring results are accepted by the fracturing operators. It can provide theoretical guidance to the subsequent fracturing operations.

The original distribution state of formation fluid and the formation resistivity around the borehole will be changed while mud filtrate invades the permeable formations. Based on both of the water-oil phase flow theory and convective diffusion theory, numerical simulation method is applied to build the formation model for the study of the mud invasion characteristics in low permeable reservoir, for studying the distribution characteristics of salinity, water saturation, resistivity and oil/gas reservoir around the borehole during mud invasion. The numerical simulation results of mud invasion in different permeable formation show that mud invasion depth increases as permeability increases in the same invasion time in low permeable reservoir, and the invasion profile of salinity, water saturation, resistivity and remaining oil change obviously as invasion time increases. The numerical simulation analysis of three practical boreholes shows that the array induction logging response characteristics and their resistivity amplitude difference are influenced by mud invasion depth and invasion time. According to the dynamic evolution simulation of different reservoir fluid types around borehole, the distribution of reservoir has obvious relationship with fluid type. The invasion depth calculation formula is obtained based on the results of the case study borehole and the array induction log response, and also the original formation resistivity calculation formula is constructed based on geometrical factor theory according to the invasive step profile for assistant reservoir resistivity correction. Correct understanding the characteristics of mud invasion and the distribution of reservoir around the borehole can improve the accuracy in array induction logging reservoir evaluation.

Along with the rapid development of marine economy, ever increasing emphasis has been put on strengthening marine defense security, improving the development of marine resources and protecting the marine ecological environment, the three aspects which complement to each other; and the corresponding effective detection technology, the key to ensure the marine safety and security, the resource development efficiency, and the balance of ecology and real-time monitoring, as well as to prevent pollution, has become a hot research focus in the current ocean related research and engineering field. Based on the unique advantages of optical fiber sensor over traditional electronic and mechanical sensors, this paper gave an introduction to the technology, system design and characteristics of fiber sensing, in the fields including coastal defense and livelihood security, subsea natural disaster prediction, effective exploration of ocean energy, ocean engineering safety monitoring, and marine environment online monitoring.Consquently, the present review aims to promot optical fiber sensing technology in the ocean.

In order to satisfy the requirements in dynamic monitoring of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) during spatiotemporal (ST) data statistical analysis, ST process simulation, ST change prediction, and ST data mining, storage management methods of LUCC data need to be extended from one dimension (only spatial data) to two dimentions (ST data). A hybrid storage management model of ST data is proposed based on the snapshot technique and the object-oriented analysis in this study. This hybrid model can be used for vector and raster ST data storage and management,LUCC ST process simulation and modeling, parameter extraction, and product management and release. Moreover, a prototype of LUCC ST information system has been developed based on this hybrid model. Furthermore, the feasibility of this hybrid model has been verified through the experiments regarding LUCC ST information statistics, ST process simulation for land cover patches, transformation matrix calculation for land cover, prediction of land cover distribution, and landscape pattern indexes changes of land cover in Harbin. Therefore, the proposed storage management model of ST data and the prototype of LUCC ST information system can be used in LUCC ST changes research for multipurpose needs.