The Eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (ECAOB) is located in the overlap region among Palo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, Okhotsk Ocean tectonic domain, and Paleo-Pacific Ocean tectonic domain, and very rich in mineral resources. According to statistics and digital mapping of 201 available isotope ages, out of 1 200 ages, spatial-temporal distribution and tectonic settings of magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits in the ECAOB are discussed. It's proposed that the mineralization began at Cambrian, and can be identified six distinct metallogenic stages, i.e. 510-473 Ma, 373-330 Ma, 320-253 Ma, 250-210 Ma, 210-167 Ma, 155-100 Ma. From 510 to 473 Ma (peak age at ca. 507 Ma), there developed hydrothermal vein and porphyry Fe/Cu/Au/W ore deposits which are scattered in the Beishan and the Great Xing'an-Lesser Xing'an-Zhangguangcai Ranges, and related to the subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean and the collision of micro-continents. From the Late Devonian to the Early Carboniferous (373-330), super-large scale porphyry Cu-Au deposits formed in the Oyu Tologi of Southern Mongolia, and related to the subduction of Paleo-Asian Ocean. During the third mineralization stage(320-253 Ma), a small amount of porphyry Cu deposits and orogenic Au deposits developed in the south part of Great Xing'an Ranges. Porphyry Mo poly-metallic deposits formed at 298 Ma firstly appeared in study area, representing an important change of tectonic setting, from the subduction accretion to the collage of plates. During the Triassic (250-210 Ma, peak age at ca. 244 Ma), numerous porphyry Mo deposits were distributed in the Liaoyuan terranes and the South part of Great Xing'an Ranges, whereas some magmatic separation Cu-Ni deposits formed in Zhangguangcai Ranges,which proposed that those deposits are controlled by post-orogenic extension setting involving the closure of the Palo-Asia Ocean Triassic porphyry Cu deposits in the Erguna-South Mongolia are related to the subduction of the Okhotsk Ocean. During the period of 210-167 Ma (peak age at ca. 170 Ma), orogenic-porphyry Au deposits developed in the west to the Mongolia-Okhotsk orogenic belt, while porphyry Cu (Mo) deposits exposed in the Erguna where is located in the east to the Mongolia-Okhotsk orogenic belt. It is likely that those early Jurassic deposits were formed in the tectonic setting of the subduction of the Mongolia-Okhotsk Ocean. Conversely, the mineralization in the eastern part of study area is characterized by porphyry Mo/Cu and skarn Pb-Zn/W/Au ore deposits in the eastern Jilin-Heilongjiang, the Zhangguangcai, the Lesser Xing'an, and the Great Xing'an Ranges, which indicates the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. During the last stage of mineralization (155-100 Ma), the mineralization in ECAOB was commonly affected by the extensional tectonic setting. Both epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn and orogenic Au deposits formed in the Erguna massif at 155-120 Ma, while porphyry Mo deposits in this period occurred in the north part of Great Xing'an Ranges. It was considered that most deposits were emplaced under the post-orogenic extensional environment after the collision of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean. Whereas synchronous epithermal Au-Mo deposits in the eastern Jilin-Heilongjiang and hydrothermal-skarn Sn deposits in the south part of Great Xing'an Ranges are related to the northward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate. Some epithermal and porphyry Au-Mo deposits distributed along the paleo-suture between the North China craton and Jia-Meng massif formed during late Early Cretaceous (120-100 Ma). It can be concluded that the Paleozoic mineralization was controlled by the Palo-Asian Ocean tectonic domain, and continued to the Late Permian (or to Early Triassic), overlapped by the Paleo-Pacific Ocean metallogenic system in the Late Triassic. While, from the Triassic, the mineralization in the Erguna-South Mongolia massif was controlled by the Okhotsk Ocean tectonic domain, and continued to early period of the Early Cretaceous.

The Songnan gas field is mainly composed of compacted volcanic reservoir with low permeability. According to the gas testing results of the Yingcheng Formation, and other data such as porosity, permeability and impedance, a reservoir classification standard was established. Based on the observation of core, thin sections and SEM, developing patterns of vesicle and fissure in four types of reservoirs have been studied. In addition, potential target reservoirs have been described and evaluated. The reservoir in Songnan gas field can be divided into four types:Type I is high yield without fracturing operation. Type II is high yield after fracturing operation. Type III is no yields before fracturing operation. Type IV is dense layer. Vesicle-fissure pattern corresponding to each reservoir type has been described. Reservoir I presents primary vesicle-microfissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir II presents secondary vesicle-microfissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir III presents primary vesicle-tectonic fissure reservoir pattern. Reservoir IV presents secondary vesicle-tectonic fissure reservoir pattern. Potential evaluation indicated that the No.2 and No.3 targets in YS1 fault block have great potential for development. This study will benefit the analysis of exploiting potentialities, and the reservoir classification standard is more suitable for the actual production situation of dense volcanic reservoir in this area.

In terms of the microscopic identification and geochemical analysis, study has been made on the dolostones of Palaeogene Es¹ in Qikou sag. The result shows that there are microcrystalline-micritic dolomite, calcite dolomite, dolomite limestone, and a little grain dolomite. Sr/Ba ratio is from 0.4 to 4.9, V/Ni ratio is from 1.3 to 7.1, Z value distributed between 122.6~162.5, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of dolostone is extremely close to the seawater. According to the mentioned values, the lake basin was influenced by transgression activity, which brought a large number of Mg²⁺ for dolomization. The order degree of dolomite is between 0.22-0.53, Mg/Ca ratio is between 0.73-0.91, it has characteristics of rich in Ca²⁺ and poor in Mg²⁺, which indicates that the dolostone was formed during the penecontemporaneous period. Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis implies that the dolostone was formed in shallow burial environment, the extremely positive δ¹³C anomaly indicates that the process of dolomization was affected by fermentation, the abnormal high Sr value suggests an activity of bacteria. Based on the analysis above, the dolostone was formed in shallow burial environment during the penecontemporaneous period by the process of seepage-reflux and the process was affected by methanation.

Oil-migrating fault transition zones often play an important role on controlling hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, and are the preferential parts for hydrocarbon accumulation in a stretching basin. In order to clarify fracture development in oil-migrating fault transition zones and its control on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, the evolution of vertical cumulative throw-distance curve is applied, and 3 oil-migrating fault transition zones have been recognized in Yilunpu structure of Wen'an slope. Fracture distribution in oil-migrating fault transition zones is forecasted based on the data of outcrop, drilling, logging, and pre-stack seismic. The authors summarize the control effect of fracture development in oil-migrating fault transition zones, and the relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation. The results show that, in the oil-migrating fault transition zones, sandstone and fracture is more developed, stress is more concentrated. The fracture is responsible for the path of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation.

We investigated the control of boundary fault segmentation on architecture of sequence stratigraphy in continental rift basin. Integrating 3D seismic and well data to construct map of displacement along strike on unit of third order sequence stratigraphy and dip angle on fault surface, the segmentation of Xinanzhuang fault(XNZHF) is examined based on geometry of fault surface and kinematics in period of Dongying Formation. XNZHF comprises linked segments and is an important control on hanging wall fold geometry. Synclines form at local displacement maxima, located at the centers of the fault segments, anticlines form at local displacement minima, located where fault segments link. The corrugations of fault surface apparently correlates with displacement variation, local displacement maxima corresponds with high dip angle of fault surface and the minima corresponds with low dip angle. Fault growth is a prime control on accommodation, sediment supply and physiography. High displacement rate and low sediment supply at the center of fault segment lead to predominantly aggradational/retrogradational para-sequence stacking patterns. Whereas low displacement rate and high sediment supply at boundary of fault segments show result in primarily progradational stacking patterns. The segmentation and displacement variation along strike control the stacking patterns inner sequence and is the prime control on the sand and source rock dispersal on the hanging wall of XNZHF.

The honeycomb-like secondary dissolved pores are well developed in Xiang 6 well area in one side of Maoxi fault in Chagan depression. Based on thin sections, SEM, and casting thin sections data, the secondary pores formed mainly due to dissolution of anorthite particles and carbonate cement as well as some felsic rock debris and quartz granule. Fluorescence chip and inclusion temperature verified the existence of two stages of cementations. Combining with the evolution of reservoir, we found that the diagenetic evolution corresponded to two hydrocarbon generations and two uplift denudations. The key diagenetic evolution sequences is as follows, Compaction (the first deep burial)-dissolution of a great deal of feldspar particles, little quartz overgrowth and partly accumulation(the first hydrocarbon generation)-the first cementation(the first uplift denudation)-dissolution of the first cement, development of honeycomb-like secondary dissolved pores and partly accumulation(the second deep burial and the second hydrocarbon generation)-the second cementation and dissolution of some quartz particles.

A set of Givetian (Middle Devonian) microbial rocks with 2-3 m thickness developed in Ganxi of Longmengshan area, northwestern Sichuan, China. They are composed of oncolites which are 0.1-4.0 cm in diameter, sphere, cap-shaped or deformed. The cores of oncolites are mainly composed of biodetritus including earlier girvanella, and the coatings are composed of light-colored micro-sparry calcite and dark gray layer. Four cycles were recognized according to the abundance and size of these oncolites which are bigger and denser upward, with irregular horizontal distribution. Compared with the fossil brachiopods from the same horizon, negative δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C isotope values and positive ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are recognized in the microbialites, show an influences of atmospheric fresh water. Negative δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C isotope values are especially obvious in the spherical oncolites and the light-colored coatings. Then, the forming environment and formation pattern of oncolites are further discussed. At last, the distribution pattern of microbial oncolites in the studied area indicates that more than six structural uplifts happened during the final stage of deposition period of the Jinbaoshi Formation. Thus exposure and leaching of the Jinbaoshi Formation developed under the significant sea level rise during Eifelian and Givetian (Middle Devonian).

Coal measure shale of marine-terrigenous facies is widely distributed with considerable natural gas resource potential. Taking the Carboniferous-Permian coal measures in Huainan coal field as an example, the mineralogical features, lithofacies characteristics and reservoir characteristics were tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the controlling effect on shale gas reservoir space of mudstone facies were analyzed. The results show that the mineral composition is dominantly clay minerals with few authigenic clay minerals. Five lithofacies, i. e. kaolinite mudstone with granophyric texture, light gray kaolinite mudstone, oolitic mudstone, dark mudstone and silty mudstone, were identified in the coal measure strata. Five types of reservoir macro-fracture spaces, including shearing fracture along bedding plane, abnormal pressure fracture for organic matter evolution, interlayer lamellation fracture, structural fracture, and micro-fracture with quartz and kaolinite, and some pore types as fossil pore, interparticle pore, intragranular pore, inter-crystalline pore and possible organic matter pore. There are different lithofacies types under different sedimentary environments, and it determines their mineral composition characteristics and the organic matter content, further determines the types of reservoir pore space, and controls the development of mudstone fracture.

With the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion simulation technology of source rock, a series of experiments of oil shale in-situ mining simulation was made under different boundary conditions such as heating temperature, heating rate, constant heating time, and water content. The results indicated that increasing conversion temperature and decreasing heating ramp rate, prolonging constant temperature time were conducive to improve shale oil yield and its quality of oil shale in-situ mining. Fluid pressure decreased shale oil rate, but slightly improved oil quality, but excessive fluid pressure, such as over exploitation layer overburden pressure, will have a destructive effect on surface engineering. High temperature formation water may act as catalyst, reactant and solvent in the reaction, promote non covalent bond fracture, and improve oil yield. Based on the results, a new method was proposed that during the dry distillation conversion process offering additional hydrogen material, or adding soluble catalystsin to the high temperature water, may improve shale oil yield of oil shale in-situ mining.

The Baiyun gold deposit is one of large gold deposits in eastern Liaoning Province,with many controversies on ore-forming material source and ore genesis. This paper presents systemic researches on stable isotope geochemistry of H, O, S and C in this deposit. The δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW and δD_V-SMOW values of the ore-forming fluid range from 13.5‰ to 15.9‰ and from -107‰ to -83‰, respectively, which indicates that the ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of magmatic fluids. δ³⁴S_V-CDT values of pyrite grains in the ores range from -8.3‰ to 2.9‰, with enrichment of ³²S and depletion of ³⁴S, and have great difference from the sulfur isotope composition of surrounding rocks(7.0‰~18.7‰). δ¹³C_V-PDB values of the calcite in the ores range from -2.2‰ to -0.4‰, suggesting its igneous carbonates or mantle xenoliths source and obviously different from the composition of carbon isotope of marble of Liaohe Group. The comparison of ore-forming elements in the different geological bodies shows that the source of ore-forming material has no necessary correlation with strata of the Liaohe Group. The geologic and geochemical features of the Baiyun deposit suggest that this gold deposit belongs to the magmatic hydrothermal gold deposit related to hypomagmaism.

The Lianshanguan area is located in the eastern Liaoning uranium metallogenic belt which belongs to the uranium metallogenetic province of the North China block. The reconnaissance and exploration on uranium deposit have been carried out in recent years to understand the mineralization characteristics and ore genesis. Based on the field investigation and laboratory studies, authors systematically studied petrologic, geochemical and wall-rock alteration characteristics of ore-hosting rocks. The results show that there are four types of anatexites in the ore-hosting rock series, which are characterized by the high silica content and the various content of chlorite. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between quartz and chlorite contents in the anatexite. The major element compositions in the ore-hosting rock show that it contains high SiO₂, Na₂O and K₂O, with slightly high Al₂O₃ and low MgO and CaO. Meanwhile, the trace elements show the enrichment of Be, Mo, Pb, Y, Ba, La, Cu and depletion of Co, Ni, Zn, Cr, Ti, V. These studies significantly demonstrate that such paragenetic elements as Pb, Mo, V, Be as are also closely related to uranium mineralization. Rare-earth element characteristics of samples are remarkable Eu negative anomalies, enriched in LREE (light rare earth elements) and depleted in HREE (heavy rare earth elements). Colloidal pyritization, chloritization, silicification have close relationship with uranium mineralization. It's first proposed that there occur re-melting migmatite-hydrothermal uranium deposits in the Lianshanguan area.

The cadmium contents in Niujiaotang associated cadmium ore deposit is five to six orders of magnitude higher than the Clark value, over ten times to near hundred times higher than the industrial grade. In the Qingxudong period of Early Cambrian, the Niujiaotang area was located in the shoal facies of platform margin, which had a set of algal domal in the upper part of the Qingxudong Formation. The dolomite which had algae, algal pellets, oncolites and bioclastic dolomite is the major ore-bearing rock of the Niujiaotang deposit. Ore bodies consistent with surrounding rock are generally stratoid, lenticular and vein-like. The distribution of cadmium ore bodies is jointly controlled by strome algal complex and lithofacies, and obviously controlled by of the strata, lithic facies and rock type. The algal domal formation may also provide partial ore source for mineralization. Abnormal enrichment and mineralization of cadmium have certain relationship with the evolution of the Majiang paleo oil reservoir. Firstly, the metallogenic epoch of Niujiaotang deposit is middle to Late Caledonian, from 433 to 510 Ma, which is the active period of Majiang ancient oil and gas reservoir. The early stage of evolution is roughly coincident with the mineralization of Niujiaotang cadmium ore depsoit, and the reservoir should be slightly earlier than the mineralization. The mineralization was accompanied by the ancient reservoir under the condition of liquid hydrocarbon, and continued until the reservoir was destroyed. Secondly, the fluid in the Majiang paleo reservoir had provided reductive ore-forming fluid and partial sulfur source. The research results in this paper demonstrate that both paleogeographic environment and paleo reservoir condition had played an important role in the cadmium concentration and mineralization.

The Jiawula deposit is one of the large-scale Pb-Zn-Ag deposits in Derbugan Cu(Mo)-Ag-Pb-Zn metallogenic belt in the western slope of the Great Xing'an Range,and has been still considered as an epithermal deposit related to volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal. Recent researches show that the mineralization has closely genetic association with the fine vein and disseminated Cu mineralization in the deep. The geochronology and geochemistry researches have been carried out on the ore-hosting granite porphyry associated with the fine vein and disseminated Cu mineralization. The experimental results show that the granite porphyry has the w(SiO₂) content ranging from 71.59% to 72.36%,w(TiO₂) from 0.46% to 0.58%,w(Al₂O₃) from 15.45% to 15.92%,w(Fe₂O₃) from 0.74% to 0.90%,w(FeO) from 1.67% to 1.96%,w(MgO) from 0.55% to 0.89%,w(Na₂O+K₂O) from 9.01% to 9.91%,w(K₂O/Na₂O) from 1.37 to 2.15,rittmann index(σ) from 2.77 to 3.43,and alkalinity index(AR) from 3.13 to 3.96. The major element composition indicate that the rock belongs to shoshonite series,high potassium,peraluminous A type alkali-rich granite granite porphyry. The total amount of rare earth elements(∑REE) changes from 350.11×10^-6 to 408.80×10^-6,the ratio of light and heavy rare earth(∑LREE/∑HREE) varies from 11.25 to 11.44,and value of δ Eu mainly ranges from 0.38 to 0.44. These granite porphyry samples also have such geochemical characteristics as stronger fractionation of light and heavy rare earth, obvious negative Eu anomaly, strong depletion of compatible elements(Ni,Co,Cr,V,Yb,Eu,etc.),enrichment in incompatible elements(Cs,Rb,Pb,U,Th,Zr,Hf,etc.),relative depletion of Li,Sr and other incompatible elements, higher ratio values of Rb/Sr(0.93 to 1.31) and Zr/Hf(29.38 to 35.61). According to data mentioned above, it can be concluded that the original magma of the granite porphyry was derived from the partial remelting of lower crustal layer metasomatized by the fluid dominated with CO₂ or H₂O,and the magmatic process were suffered from strong hybridization with carbonate,which is favorable for ore-forming fluid of Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn mineralization. Considering the facts that there are both magmatic and hydrothermal zircon grains in the granite porphyry samples, and the weighted average of magmatic zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age is (146.4±1.6)Ma(MSWD=1.30,n=12) and the weighted average of hydrothermal zircon ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age is(143.1± 3.9)Ma(MSWD=0.56,n=5),such conclusions can be drawn as followings. The first is that the Jiawula deposit formed at the initial stage of Early Cretaceous,and the magmatism closely related to the mineralization occurred at the end of Later Jurassic. The second is that the Jiawula deposit belongs to the porphyry Cu-epithermal Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn metallogenic system. The third is that the geodynamic background of diagenesis and metallogenesis was either conversion from extrusion to extension related to the subduction of the Paleo Pacific plate to the Eurasian plate,or extension stage after the collision associated with the closure of the Mongolia-Okhotsk ocean.

By detailed geological mapping in Kaiyuan area, Late Archean supracrustal rocks have been discovered for the first time in the north of the Qinghe fault, which are mainly composed of amphibolite, hornblende-plagioclase leptynite, hornblende-biotite-plagioclase gneiss and hornblendite. Geochemical characteristics of these rocks indicate that their metamorphic original rocks were intermediate or intermediate-basic volcanic rocks which formed in the island arc environment. Such metamorphic structural styles as penetrative schistosity, boudin structure, metamorphic differentiation strip and ptygma fold are commonly found in these metamorphic supracrustal rocks. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating of the amphibolite show that these newly discovered Late Archean supracrustal rocks were formed at 2 524±18 Ma and metamorphosed at 2 477±21 Ma.The time interval between emplacement and metamorphism is about 47 Ma. These Late Archean supracrustal rocks confirm that the Archean crystalline basement once existed to the north of the Qinghe fault, and that the structural environment between the Qinghe fault and the Kouhe fault was actually the Late Archean greenstone belt, the same as the Qingyuan area.

Paleomagnetic inclination shallowing studies were carried out on the Eocene red beds in Simao area of the Indochina block. High-temperature magnetic components were isolated from the Mengban and Mengla sections, the tilt corrected site-mean directions at Mengban and Mengla are D_s=118.2°, I_s=22.1°, k=31.6, α₉₅=10.9°, and D_s=47.6°, I_s=22.8°, k=20.2, α₉₅=5.9°, respectively, which are consistent with those previous research results in these areas. The inclination shallowing correction method proposed by Hodych & Buchan and elongation/inclination (E/I) correction are used to quantitatively estimate the inclination bias of Eocene red-beds in the Mengban and Mengla area. The corrected inclinations are 28.4°±4.3° and 30.7°[25.4°, 35.9°] following the method of Hodych & Buchan and E/I correction,respectively. These results indicate that deposition and/or compaction induced inclination shallowing existed in the Paleogene red-beds in the southern part of Simao terrane. The usage of E/I correction is limited in the strata with weak deformation, in which the influence of plunging fold or local rotational deformation will strongly deviate the declinations. Hodych & Buchan's method is more reliable for the inclination correction of red beds. Combining with previous paleomagnetic data from the Indochina block, these results presented in this paper indicate that the Indochina block has been subjected to southeastward displacement by 500 km with respect to the South China block since the Eocene.

During dynamic loading process, the evolution of internal micro defects will lead to a remarkable degradation in macro mechanical properties of rock. To improve the efficiency of rock fragmentation, the internal damage process of rock under ultrasonic vibration was analyzed using numerical simulation method combined with experimental verification. A two-dimensional heterogeneous model of rock was established by means of finite element method and statistical techniques, and the concept of damage incremental factor was put forward. Based on established model, the influence of rock heterogeneity on crack propagation under ultrasonic vibration was analyzed. Results showed that the damage process of rock material under ultrasonic vibration could be divided into three stages, which were initiation, propagation and connection. With the increase in uniformity coefficient, the speed of original crack propagation in rock increased gradually. There was a critical value of damage factor which was 0.005 4 in this study. When the damage factor was less than the critical value, there was no obvious relationship between the damage incremental factor and homogeneity coefficients. Otherwise, the damage incremental factor increased sharply with the increased homogeneity coefficient of rock, when the effect of homogeneity coefficient on the damage factor could not be ignored.

The sealing characteristics of the piston and cylinder in the SC-86 H high-energy liquid-jet hammer were studied based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and laboratory tests. The effect on the leakage between the front chamber and rear chamber of the liquid-jet hammer were analyzed from the aspects of sealing length, annular gap, reciprocating motion velocity, angular velocity of the piston and the pitch and radius of the spiral groove on the outside surface of the piston. Results showed that little influence on the performance of the liquid-jet hammer was caused by the varying of sealing length, annular gap, angular velocity of the piston and the pitch of the spiral groove on the outside surface of the piston; The leakage between the front chamber and rear chamber is nearly proportional to the reciprocating motion velocity of the piston; While the radius of the spiral groove increased, the leakage increased remarkably; At the beginning of the forward and backward strokes, as the reciprocating velocity of the piston was quite slow, the leakage occupied a large proportion of the total liquid flow into the front chamber and rear chamber, instantaneously, the accelerated motion of the piston was influenced, especially when the diameter of the piston rod was larger to some extent, the piston would not be able to move backward easily, the performance of the liquid-jet hammer will got worse and even was unable to work.

Fujin, in Sanjiang Plain, is an important grain base in China. The agriculture irrigation caused the deterioration of groundwater quality. The groundwater quality further more restricted the development of local agriculture and posed a threat to the safety of drinking water. Therefore, it is significant to study the hydrogeochemical characteristics and formation groundwater in Fujin,Sanjiang Plain. In this study, 46 samples were collected, including 35 groundwater samples and 11 surface water samples. The multiform methods of Gibbs figure, ionic ratios, Kriging and inverse hydrogeochemical modeling were applied in order to analyze the formation mechanism of groundwater hydrogeochemistry. The results show that:the concentrations of TDS and NO₃-N in groundwater increased along the flow; the hydrochemical type of groundwater is mainly HCO₃-Ca and SO₄-Ca;the hydrochemical components in groundwater came mainly from the weathering dissolutions of aluminosilicate and halite leaching, cation exchanges and human activities, such as fertilization, groundwater pumping, are the main processes controlling the formation of groundwater hydrochemistry.

Analyses of spatial distribution of soil water storage capacity (SWSC) and soil water availability is of great significance for water resources management. Through samples collection in Daan irrigation district, the SWSC were tested and then the spatial variation characteristics were analyzed with classical statistics and geostatistics. The soil water characteristic curves were measured and fitted with the van Genuchten model. Results showed that:There was no significant difference for mean values of the holding SWSC, retained SWSC and saturated SWSC between saline-alkali soil and non-saline-alkali soil, while for mean values of actual SWSC, there was significant difference; The actual SWSC increased from west to east and from north to south;It had larger water availability for light saline-alkali soil, rice land soil and dry land soil with the actual effective water contents were 78.94%, 58.28% and 56.62% of their maximum effective water contents, while the water availability of vegetable soil, sorghum soil, grassland soil and medium-severe saline-alkali soil was less than rice land soil and dry land soil. Therefore, the SWSC and water retention capacity of the rice land soil and light and medium saline-alkali soils were the strongest, and then were the dry land soil and vegetable land soil, the SWSC of the severe saline-alkali soil and sorghum soil and grassland soil were the weakest. The light and medium saline-alkali soils were suitable to be transformed to rice land. The research results were great significance for prevention of soil secondly salinization and harmonizing agricultural water use in Daan irrigation district in west Jilin Province.

The hot dry rock (HDR) is a new clean energy, which is buried in the deep subsurface. It is important to locate the depth and location of HDR before exploration. Firstly,according to the data of heat flow rate, quantity of energy, thermal conductivity, poly heat, seismic activity, a new method is developed to locate the position of HDR in the Songliao basin. Secondly, 26 units are defined in the Songliao basin via the platform of ArcGis 10.2. Analytic hierarchy process and expert marking are applied to assemble decision matrix and evaluate the weights of each factors. Finally, 26 districts are classified into five levels:suitable, more suitable, general suitable, less suitable and not suitable. The results showed most suitable HDR area is mainly located in Daan-Daqing, the central depression of Songliao basin, which provides a base for the HDR development work in the future.

Graphene oxide, a novel carbon material, was employed as the supporting material for the immobilization of tyrosinase enzymes with covalent bonding method. Loading dosage, enzyme activity, optimal conditions for phenol degradation and storage stability of the immobilized tyrosinase were investigated. Loading yield and enzyme activity of immobilized tyrosinase could reach 1.78 mg/mg support and 1 880.6 U/mg support, respectively. The phenol degradation efficiency by immobilized tyrosinase was 86.3% in 30 h reaction and the optimal conditions of phenol degradation were at pH 7.0 and 25℃. Comparing with the free tyrosinase, the immobilized tyrosinase had better storage stability by retaining 77.7% of initial activity for at least 30 days when stored at 4℃. With the introduced magnetic particles in the surface of graphene oxide, the process of enzyme immobilization could be simplified and it is helpful for reuse.

The method of BP neural network has achieved good results in the inversion of 2D density interface, however, the converging speed and inversion accuracy would decrease when it is used to inverse 3D density interface due to more complicated model and more parameters. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the process of choosing weights and thresholds of BP network in this paper in order to improve inversion results. Then a better network model is obtained and this model will be utilized in the inversion of density interface model. This method could increase inversion accuracy as well as reduce calculation time, and better inversion results would be achieved. At last the method is utilized to inverse the depth of Moho in some region in France and the application effect is good. It is illustrated that BP neural network based on genetic algorithm has benign application value and research prospect in the inversion of density interface.

When we invert gravity gradient data to recover 3D density distributions by cokriging, the dip angle impacts the recovered results seriously. Where there is a lack of the prior information about dip angle, to obtain reasonable results we present a method to determine the angle. Keeping the parameters same in cokriging, we introduce some different angles, then according to the prior information, only zero or positive density contrast is chosen. The standard deviation of the residuals between the observed and predicted data changes with the angle changing. The evaluated angle of this method is the corresponding angle to the minimum standard. In this paper, we choose four typical dipping dike models with the dip angle of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° respectively. The vertical component T_zz of the gravity gradient data is inverted to test the valid of the method, and it shows the correct dip angles of the dipping dike. This result makes cokriging can be applied in more conditions that the dip angle is unavailable.

This paper uses limited memory quasi-Newton method to solve 1-D inversion for impedance response of long wire source frequency sounding. Impedance response of a long wire source in horizontal layered earth model is calculated from the ground level orthogonal electromagnetic fields, and the fields are obtained by the virtual interface method. To solve optimization problems of one dimensional inversion, limited memory quasi-Newton method is adopted. Furthermore, it uses smoothness constrains for model and inverses impedance response directly. Adaptive method of target function is used for adjusting regularization parameter in the process of inversion. The inversion model is divided into many layers that scale up the thickness. It's inversed from homogeneous half-space model until the fitting error is less than 10^-4.We inverse theoretical model and actual data respectively, and then the data with 10% random noise are tested in order to investigate the stability. The numerical results show that the method of limited memory quasi-Newton is feasible for 1-D inversion for impedance response of long wire source frequency sounding; The method has little dependence on initial model, and inversion from homogeneous half-space model can still restore the true model; The objective function converges quickly at first and the speed slows down gradually later, and it takes about 40 iterations generally; The inversion results of noise data show that random noise has little effect, it also demonstrates the limited memory quasi-Newton method has certain anti-interference ability. This paper presents a new inversion method for controlled source electromagnetic data, meanwhile, the results can provide initial model for 2-D and 3-D inversion.

Accurate estimation of effective pore aspect ratio for shale reservoir is significant in rock-physics modeling and shear-wave velocity prediction. In order to estimate pore structure and S-wave velocity, a rock-physics-based method is proposed for effective pore aspect ratio and shear-wave velocity prediction in shale. We build a quantitative relationship among P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, pore aspect ratio, porosity and mineral compositions through rock-physics model. Then, through finding the best estimation of pore aspect ratio by minimizing the error between theoretical predictions and field measurements, we invert the effective pore aspect ratio and the shear wave is predicted with this constraint. The inversion results of the well logging data show that the aspect ratio remains stable in Longmaxi shale formation, while the aspect ratio of the surrounding rock varies in wide range. It indicates that the micro-structure in shale is more stable than in surrounding rock. The error between the predicted and measured shear wave velocities is small. In addition, for shale formation lacking mineral components data, the error in prediction of shear wave velocity calculated by average mineral compositions is still small. This shows that compared with mineral compositions, Longmaxi shale is more sensitive to pore aspect ratio. In conclusion, the effective pore aspect ratio and shear-wave velocity can be predicted accurately by the method proposed in this study.

In seismic exploration, the nonuniformity of near-surface brings great difficulties to excitation, receiving and static correction. The surface survey work directly affects the underground imaging as the geological conditions here is complex, there is a large difference of velocity and thickness for the surface region. In order to obtain accurate static correction data and provide the basis for well depth design, a good surface survey of the region is needed in SinoProbe project. This paper discusses the principle and field construction method of small refraction, ground-microlog and well-microlog. Then we do a comparison test of the three methods at the same site, and analyze the adaptability of different survey methods. The interpretation results of each method are also compared. The results obtained by the three methods are consistent with that of lithology logging. All three methods can effectively detect the depth of high-speed layer, and guide the well depth design. Cost of the small refraction method is the lowest, so it is suitable to relatively flat surface area. Using the method, we can find the high-speed layer accurately, so it can be used as supplement for micro-logging in the design of well depth. Ground-microlog is suitable for high mountain without water or serious leaking drilling area caused by organic fracture zone. This method requires good coupling of geophone and the earth in the hole. Well-microlog is the most accurate one. It can distinguish more layers, and is closest to lithology logging result, so it has obvious advantage in the static correct obtained. In conclusion, this article analyzes the scope where different methods applied, and compares them in three surface survey. It provides evidence on how the appropriate surface investigation method for the work area was chosen, also provides a reference for other complex surface area's surface investigation.

Since the study of the reservoir rock physical property stress sensitivity mainly focus on the test and data processing method, and can't be explained on mechanism via the single shape pore theory model so far, the random pore network simulations are proposed for the rock physical property stress sensitivity mechanism explanation in the paper. Based on percolation theory, similarity principle of water and electricity, Kirchoff law, three dimensional random pore network model using iteration method is generated programmatically based on the QT Creator platform. The relationship of experiment dimensionless radius and the effective stress is simulated, and the simulation results show that smaller the aspect ratio is, the more obvious the dimensionless radius responds to the stress effect. Thus permeability stress sensitivity mechanism explanation is realized based on the relation of permeability and effective stress established using the network simulation method.

With the trend of the detection method using array observation, the GPR(ground penetrating radar) system takes the response characteristic analysis for the isomorphic multisource concurrent underground target as the basis and precondition for the system development and data processing. The multisource concurrent signal and target echo signal of the array antenna with complicated polarization characteristics, contain more response message about the target characteristics. Aiming at the plane wave like MIMO(multiple-input multiple-output) GPR system, this paper analyzes the response characteristics of the target in polarization plane wave illumination and the morphological characteristics of the model underground target through its multi-polarization signal. The surface projection distribution of the target is acquired through the integration along time axis of the data received by the array antenna, and the targets of the transmit-receive array antenna in 1-D and 2-D distribution are detected and analyzed by the time domain finite-difference forward modeling method. The research results that multi-polarization integrated characteristic analysis can improve effectively the consistency of the target detection, promote the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the target response signal, abate the influence from the antenna pattern and target scattering cross-section blink upon the data section, and decrease the difficulty in data processing and interpretation.