赛车俯仰运动下的气动特性

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211091

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

确定了俯仰姿态的仿真工况并对赛车进行各工况下的整车外流场仿真分析。探究了各俯仰工况下的气动特性及各气动部件之间的相互影响，通过分析车身周围的流场变化得到了各工况之间气动数据差别的原因。通过分析仿真结果可知，所有工况下赛车的气动负升力主要由车身、前翼和尾翼提供，而前、后车轮主要提供气动升力。赛车的气动阻力主要由车身和尾翼产生，两者之和占比超总阻力75%，前、后车轮的气动阻力之和所占比例仅为10%左右。当赛车身姿态发生俯仰变化时，前翼、尾翼、离地间隙的变化和各气动部件间的交互作用导致整车气动特性发生改变。结果表明：在俯仰角度为-1.0°工况下，整车气动升阻比最大，在各俯仰工况中赛车气动效率最高，总气动负升力的绝对值最大，总气动阻力相对较小，气动俯仰力矩最小，此工况下赛车的综合性能较好。

关键词: 汽车空气动力学, 气动特性, 赛车, 俯仰运动

Abstract:

In this paper， the simulation conditions of pitching motion are determined， and the external flow field of the whole vehicle under various conditions is simulated and analyzed. The aerodynamic characteristics under various pitching conditions and the interaction between aerodynamic components are explored. The reasons for the differences of aerodynamic result between various pitching conditions are obtained by analyzing the changes of flow field around the vehicle body. By analyzing the simulation data， it can be seen that the aerodynamic negative lift of the car under all pitching conditions is mainly provided by the body， front wing and tail wing， while the front and rear wheels mainly provide aerodynamic lift. The aerodynamic drag of the car is mainly generated by the body and tail wing， and the sum of the two accounts for more than 75%. The sum of the aerodynamic drag of the front and rear wheels accounts for only about 10%. When the car body attitude changes in pitch， the changes of front wing， tail wing， ground clearance and the interaction between aerodynamic components lead to the change of the aerodynamic characteristics of the whole car. The results show that under the condition of pitch angle -1.0°， the aerodynamic lift drag ratio of the whole vehicle is the largest， the aerodynamic efficiency of the car is the highest， the absolute value of the total aerodynamic negative lift is the largest， the total aerodynamic resistance is relatively small， and the aerodynamic pitch torque is the smallest. Under this condition， the performance of the car is the best.

Key words: automotive aerodynamics, aerodynamic characteristics, racing car, pitching motion

中图分类号:

U461.1

张喆,宋世达,王国华,张英朝. 赛车俯仰运动下的气动特性[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(8): 2201-2211.

Zhe ZHANG,Shi-da SONG,Guo-hua WANG,Ying-chao ZHANG. Aerodynamic characteristics of a racing car in pitching motion[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(8): 2201-2211.

图/表 23

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表2

图2

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表3

确定的仿真策略"

类型	相关设置参数
湍流模型	SST k-ω模型
边界条件	入口速度v=15 m/s 出口压力p=0 Pa 空气密度ρ=1.184 15 kg/m3 滑移壁面地面滑移
边界层	层数11 厚度8 mm 扩张比率1.2
网格基础尺寸	0.512 m
计算域	$11 ? L × 12 ? W × 5 ? H$

表3

图5

表4

图6

表5

表6

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表7

表8

图13

图14

图15

参考文献 18

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气动装置升力	有悬架/N	无悬架/N
总计	-324.665	-335.889
车身	-69.154	-76.823
前轮	6.380	6.583
前翼	-118.850	-123.909
后轮	7.919	10.865
尾翼	-151.390	-152.605
悬架	0.430	—

气动装置阻力	有悬架/N	无悬架/N
总计	180.695	185.483
车身	73.743	80.391
前轮	4.159	3.169
前翼后轮	25.108 7.345	26.303 7.549
尾翼	66.895	68.071
悬架	3.445	—

项目	气动阻力/N	气动升力/N
风洞试验	185.433	-301.143
数值仿真	191.299	-315.027

各部件名称	升力/N	升力值占比/%
总计	-315.019	—
车身	-97.763	-31.03
前轮	10.660	3.38
前翼	-94.890	-30.12
后轮	12.746	4.05
尾翼	-145.772	-46.27

各部件名称	阻力/N	阻力值占比/%
总计	191.299	—
车身	81.689	42.70
前轮	10.651	5.57
前翼	21.990	11.50
后轮	12.068	6.31
尾翼	64.890	33.92