西北寒旱农区胡麻滚勺式精量穴播器的设计及试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20211270

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对胡麻穴播器用种量大、穴粒数变异系数大、穴孔缺种等实际问题，结合甘肃覆膜种植环境，设计了一种带舀种勺舌的滚勺式精量穴播器。通过分析穴播器的作业原理和排种过程，确定了滚勺组件组成及舀种勺尺寸、安装数量、安装角等主要参数，并采用响应曲面法分析了主勺深度、舀种勺安装角和穴播器角速度对穴播器排种性能的影响。结果表明：当主勺深度为6.68 mm、舀种勺安装角为7.62°、穴播器角速度为3.22 rad/s时，穴粒数合格率为92.5%，漏播率为2.54%，重播率为4.96%。本文研究结果可为胡麻精量穴播排种装置设计提供参考。

关键词: 农业机械工程, 胡麻, 穴播器

Abstract:

In view of the practical problems such as large seed consumption， large variation coefficient of hole number and lack of seed in hole holes， a roller scoop type precision hole sowing seeder with scoop tongue was designed in Gansu mulch planting environment. By analyzing the operation principle of the seed rower and seed rowing process， the main parameters such as the composition of the rolling spoon assembly and the size， installation number and installation angle of the scooping spoon were determined， and the effects of the main spoon depth， the installation angle of the scooping spoon and the angular speed of the seed rowing wheel on the seed rowing performance of the seed rower were analyzed by the response surface method. The test showed that when the depth of main scoop was 6.68 mm， the installation angle of scoop was 7.62° and the angular speed of seed releasing wheel was 3.22 rad/s， the qualified rate of hole number was 92.5%， the rate of missed seeding was 2.54%， the rate of reseeding was 4.96%， and the seed releasing performance was better. This study can provide a basis for the design of precision hole-sowing seeding device for flaxes.

Key words: agricultural mechanical engineering, flaxes, cavity seeders

中图分类号:

S223.2

石林榕,赵武云. 西北寒旱农区胡麻滚勺式精量穴播器的设计及试验[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(9): 2706-2717.

Lin-rong SHI,Wu-yun ZHAO. Design and test of rolling spoon type flaxes precision hole sower for caraway in northwest cold and arid agricultural region[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(9): 2706-2717.

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水平	主勺深度X₁/mm	舀种勺安装角X₂/（°）	穴播器角速度X₃/（rad·s^-1）
-1	5.9	0	2
0	6.7	5	4
1	7.6	10	6

序号	试验因素			试验结果
序号	X₁/mm	X₂/（°）	X₃/（rad·s^-1）	穴粒数合格率Y₁/%	漏播率Y₂/%	重播率Y₃/%
1	5.90	10	4	86.67	13.33	0.00
2	7.60	5	6	6.67	0.00	93.33
3	6.75	5	4	83.33	3.33	13.34
4	6.75	0	6	6.66	0.00	93.34
5	5.90	5	2	76.67	16.67	6.66
6	6.75	10	6	66.67	23.33	10.00
7	6.75	0	2	16.67	0.00	83.33
8	6.75	10	2	90.00	3.33	6.67
9	7.60	5	2	63.34	3.33	33.33
10	5.90	5	6	73.33	3.33	23.34
11	7.60	0	4	16.67	0.00	83.33
12	6.75	5	4	83.33	3.33	13.34
13	7.60	10	4	56.67	0.00	43.33
14	6.75	5	4	83.33	3.33	13.34
15	6.75	5	4	66.67	0.00	33.33
16	6.75	5	4	73.33	13.33	13.34
17	5.90	0	4	60.00	6.66	33.34

方差来源	自由度	平方和	均方和	F	P	显著性
总和	16	13 799.40
模型	9	12 927.34	1436.37	11.53	0.0020	**
X₁	1	2938.79	2938.76	23.59	0.0018	**
X₂	1	5000.50	5000.50	40.14	0.0004	**
X₃	1	1089.04	1089.04	8.74	0.0212	*
X₁X₂	1	44.42	44.42	0.3566	0.5692
X₁X₃	1	710.76	710.76	5.71	0.0483	*
X₂X₃	1	44.36	44.36	0.3560	0.5695
X₁²	1	236.70	236.70	1.90	0.2105
X₂²	1	1289.14	1289.14	10.35	0.0147	*
X₃²	1	1289.51	1289.51	10.35	0.0147	*
残差	7	872.06	124.58
失拟项	3	650.02	216.67	3.90	0.11
误差	4	222.04	55.51

方差来源	自由度	平方和	均方和	F	显著性
总和	16
模型	9	1695.79	6.74	0.0099	**
X₁	1	4511.55	17.93	0.0039	**
X₂	1	6805.94	27.05	0.0013	**
X₃	1	1012.95	4.03	0.0848
X₁X₂	1	11.09	0.044	0.8397
X₁X₃	1	469.16	1.86	0.2144
X₂X₃	1	11.16	0.044	0.8392
X₁²	1	191.61	0.76	0.4118
X₂²	1	1066.61	4.24	0.0785
X₃²	1	957.63	3.81	0.0920
残差	7	251.62
失拟项	3	480.54	6.01	0.0579
误差	4	79.92

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