车用智能材料发展现状综述

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20221342

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为新一代车用材料，智能材料为实现汽车轻量化、智能化等设计目标提供了新的研究方向和设计思路。为进一步推动车用智能材料的研究进程，本文针对压电材料、磁流变材料以及形状记忆合金3种智能材料分别展开综述，阐述了各类材料的特殊性质，系统总结了在汽车能量回收、结构振动抑制、传感器、执行器、安全防护等重要研究领域的国内外研究成果。最后，分析了目前车用智能材料商用化存在的挑战，并指出了未来研究的方向。

关键词: 车身工程, 车用材料, 智能材料与结构, 压电材料, 磁流变材料, 形状记忆合金

Abstract:

As a new generation of automotive materials， smart materials provide new research directions and design ideas for the realization of automotive lightweight and intelligent design goals. In order to further promote the research process of smart materials for automobiles， this paper reviews piezoelectric materials， magnetorheological materials and shape memory alloys respectively， describes the special properties of various materials， and systematically summarizes domestic and foreign research achievements in important research fields such as automotive energy recovery， structural vibration suppression， sensors， actuators， and safety protection. Finally， the challenges of commercialization of smart materials for automobiles are analyzed， and the directions of future research are pointed out.

Key words: body engineering, automotive materials, smart materials and structures, piezoelectric material, magnetorheological material, shape memory alloy

中图分类号:

U465

沈传亮,马骁远,于婧,叶瑞章,岳玉冰,高振海. 车用智能材料发展现状综述[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2023, 53(7): 1873-1891.

Chuan-liang SHEN,Xiao-yuan MA,Jing YU,Rui-zhang YE,Yu-bing YUE,Zhen-hai GAO. Review of development status of intelligent materials for vehicles[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(7): 1873-1891.

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性能	直流驱动执行器	形状记忆合金执行器
反应时间（完整循环）/s	3	2~3
安装空间	紧凑	沿风道
噪声	轻微噪声	无噪声
结构复杂性	高	低
质量/g	约65	约20
零件数量/个	＞20	＜10
定位精度/（°）	±1.5	±2.25
功耗/W	挡板移动时为1	持续为1


材料种类	序号	应用领域		参考文献
压电材料	①	汽车能量回收系统	汽车悬架	［8?11］
	②		轮胎	［13?16］
	③		汽车废气	［17，18］
	④	汽车结构振动抑制系统		［19?26］
	⑤	车用传感器	运行状态	［27，28］
	⑥		外部环境	［29?32］
	⑦		内部乘员	［33?35］
磁流变材料	⑧	汽车隔震系统	发动机悬置	［37?40］
	⑨		座椅悬架	［41?46］
	⑩		汽车悬架	［47?50］
	?	汽车吸能防护装置		［51?53］
	?	车用离合器		［55?57］
	?	车用制动器		［58?61］
形状记忆合金	?	车用执行器		［66，68?72］
	?	车用温度传感器		［73?75］
	?	车身智能复合材料结构	车身结构振动抑制	［76?78］
	?		可变形车身结构	［82?84］
	?		车身结构健康监测	［88?90］
	?	汽车安全防护系统		［91?94］

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