重型危险品半挂列车行驶工况的构建

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200540

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用自主研发的Nicigo行车记录仪，按照24小时自由行驶路线法，采集宁波市50辆重型危险品半挂列车的行驶数据。对数据进行分割获得3006个运动学片段，利用主成分分析法和K-means聚类技术对运动学片段进行分类，根据运动学片段与聚类中心的距离选取各类代表性片段，最终拟合出宁波市重型危险品半挂列车行驶工况。通过与国内外代表性行驶工况对比，发现所构建工况的平均速度、加速和减速比例与FTP-75工况极为接近，而匀速比例与北京市重型卡车差异最小以及怠速比例与各类工况差异较大的特点。

关键词: 载运工具运用工程, 半挂列车, 行驶工况, 主成分分析, K-means聚类

Abstract:

The self-developed Nicigo driving-recorder was used to collect the driving data of 50 heavy semi-trailers carrying hazardous cargos in Ningbo city according to the 24-hour free running route method. 3006 kinematic fragments were obtained through data segmentation technology. Principal component analysis and K-means clustering technology were used to classify the kinematic segments. Various representative segments were selected according to the distance between the kinematic segments and the clustering center， and the driving cycle of heavy semi-trailers carrying hazardous cargos in Ningbo city were finally fitted. By comparing with the representative driving cycles at home and abroad， it is found that the average speed， acceleration and deceleration ratio of the constructed cycle are very close to the FTP-75 cycle， and the uniform speed ratio is the least different from that of heavy trucks in Beijing， and the idle speed ratio is greatly different from that of various cycles.

Key words: vehicle operation engineering, semi-trailers, driving cycles, principal component analysis, K-means clustering

中图分类号:

U469.5

李洪雪,李世武,孙文财,李玮,郭梦竹. 重型危险品半挂列车行驶工况的构建[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2021, 51(5): 1700-1707.

Hong-xue LI,Shi-wu LI,Wen-cai SUN,Wei LI,Meng-zhu GUO. Driving cycle construction of heavy semi⁃trailers carrying hazardous cargos[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2021, 51(5): 1700-1707.

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特征参数	定义
V_da/（km·h^-1）	平均行驶速度
a_am/（m·s^-2）	最大加速度
a_dm/（m·s^-2）	最大减速度
a_aa/（m·s^-2）	加速度段平均加速度
a_da/（m·s^-2）	减速度段平均减速度
t/s	持续时间
P_a/%	加速比例
P_d/%	减速比例
P_i/%	怠速比例
v_a/（km·h^-1）	平均速度
v_m/（km·h^-1）	最大速度
v_d/（km·h^-1）	速度标准差
a_d/（m·s^-2）	加速度标准差

片段	V_da	a_am	a_dm	a_a_a	a_da	P_a	P_d	P_i	v_a	t	v_m	v_d	a_d
1	5	5	-4	2.40	-3.00	0.22	0.17	0.57	1.96	22	6	2.55	2.00
2	4.6	6	-6	3.50	-3.50	0.11	0.11	0.74	0.73	18	7	2.05	2.09
3	38.5	6	-7	1.40	-1.50	0.25	0.22	0.52	34.08	333	47	14.89	1.19
?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
1554	5.2	6	-4	4.50	-2.25	0.28	0.16	0.55	0.52	49	7	1.62	1.21
1555	38.1	7	-4	1.35	-1.38	0.28	0.29	0.41	36.20	322	66	19.26	1.16
1556	47.9	7	-6	1.32	-1.71	0.38	0.33	0.29	47.10	175	61	14.50	1.49
?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
3005	31.7	8	-7	2.18	-2.18	0.28	0.45	0.25	28.20	100	50	15.60	2.20
3006	31.7	5	-6	1.93	-2.48	0.33	0.33	0.00	26.90	79	45	15.50	2.00

特征参数	第一主成分	第二主成分	第三主成分	第四主成分
V_da	0.914	-0.248	0.233	-0.054
a_am	0.448	0.270	0.484	0.375
a_dm	-0.500	-0.169	-0.550	0.255
a_a	-0.467	0.569	0.485	0.134
a_da	0.359	-0.530	-0.486	0.424
v_a	0.700	0.439	-0.426	-0.165
v_m	0.556	0.610	-0.391	0.342
P_a	-0.679	-0.561	0.441	-0.084
P_d	0.910	-0.246	0.198	0.050
P_i	0.391	-0.390	0.411	0.496
t	0.936	-0.213	0.176	-0.115
v_d	0.800	-0.041	-0.012	-0.436
a_d	0.062	0.928	0.236	0.061

片段	类别	中心
1	2类	3.29
2	2类	3.42
3	1类	12.41
4	2类	4.95
5	3类	20.43
?	?	?
1458	2类	3.62
1459	1类	7.62
?	?	?
3005	1类	5.32
3006	1类	2.96

工况类型	平均速度 /（km·h^-1）	加速比例/%	减速比例/%	匀速比例/%	怠速比例/%
ECE-15	17.82	17.56	17.56	29.27	35.61
NEDC	33.60	23.81	17.63	34.75	23.81
FTP-75	34.10	28.85	25.60	26.45	19.09
JAPAN10-15	17.70	25.90	26.40	22.20	25.40
沈阳乘用车	29.74	25.00	21.94	23.67	29.39
哈尔滨公交车	14.49	34.38	34.45	8.86	22.30
北京市重型客车	25.73	25.30	21.37	28.65	24.68
北京市重型卡车	35.37	27.59	21.65	36.76	14.00
宁波重型危险品半挂车	34.18	28.11	23.96	47.92	0.01