基于再生码的区块链分布式编码方案

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210839

吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2022, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 2685-2697.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20210839

• 计算机科学与技术 • 上一篇

基于再生码的区块链分布式编码方案

肖鹤玲¹(),郭网媚²,王静³

^1.长安大学电子与控制工程学院，西安 710064
^2.西安电子科技大学 ISN国家重点实验室，西安 710071
^3.长安大学信息工程学院，西安 710064

收稿日期:2021-08-28 出版日期:2022-11-01 发布日期:2022-11-16
作者简介:肖鹤玲（1983-），女，讲师，博士.研究方向：分布式存储，区块链系统，纠删码. E-mail： xhlste@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(62001059);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JQ-196)

Distributed coding scheme for blockchain system based on regeneration codes

He-ling XIAO¹(),Wang-mei GUO²,Jing WANG³

^1.School of Electronic & Control Engineering，Chang'an University，Xi'an 710064，China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks，Xidian University，Xi'an 710071，China
^3.School of Information Engineering，Chang'an University，Xi'an 710064，China

Received:2021-08-28 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为降低区块链系统中节点的内存需求和网络负载，提出了基于 $(n, k, d)$ 精确再生MSR码的分布式编码方案。该编码方案与比特币型区块链具有相同的区块挖掘、广播和验证协议。不同之处在于，本文方案在区块链中对多个区块数据进行编码，系统中的全节点不必再存储链中所有的区块数据。特别地，对一个包含有 $k$ 个区块的分组，仅需存储1个区块大小的编码数据。当需要读取未存储于本地的区块数据时，从 $d$ 个帮助节点处下载少量数据就可以精确恢复出所需区块。此编码方案在保持区块链数据完整性和可用性的同时，使全节点的存储消耗和修复开销显著降低，增强了系统的可扩展性。当更多节点加入链中时，通过充分的实验，证明了系统的存储能力扩大，网络带宽成本有效地降低。

关键词: 区块链, 分布式存储, 再生码, 存储可扩展性

Abstract:

A novel way of distributed coding schemes to reduce blockchain nodes' memory requirements and network load using $(n, k, d)$ exact-regeneration MSR （ER-MSR） codes is presented. Our scheme has the same protocol for mining， broadcasting， and verification of blocks as Bitcoin-type blockchains. As for the difference， the full nodes encode data across multiple blocks and do not have to store all blocks. Specially， a group of $k$ blocks only need to store one block. To exactly read a block data that is not stored locally， it can be realized by connecting to $d$ helper nodes and downloading a small amount of data. While maintaining the integrity and availability of block， this scheme leads to a significant reduction in storage and recovery communication costs， and the scalability of the system is enhanced. It is proved that this system has enlarged overall storage capability and reduced the cost of network bandwidth when more nodes attend the blockchain.

Key words: blockchain, distributed storage, regeneration codes, storage scalability

中图分类号:

TP302

肖鹤玲,郭网媚,王静. 基于再生码的区块链分布式编码方案[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2022, 52(11): 2685-2697.

He-ling XIAO,Wang-mei GUO,Jing WANG. Distributed coding scheme for blockchain system based on regeneration codes[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(11): 2685-2697.

图/表 8

图1

图2

表1

文中使用的重要数学符号"

符号	说明	符号	说明
$B (i)$	第 $i$ 个区块	$α$	数据符号长度
$k$	区块分组长度	$A (m)$	区块数据矩阵
$a i j$	数据元素	$v ? i$	编码码字
$T$	区块大小	$V (m)$	区块编码矩阵
$a ? i j$	数据符号	$d$	帮助节点个数

表1

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图7

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基于再生码的区块链分布式编码方案

Distributed coding scheme for blockchain system based on regeneration codes

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