车载通信系统电磁兼容性评估模型构建与分析

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20230811

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有无线通信系统电磁兼容性（EMC）评估方法或模型的局限性，以及车载通信系统的实际需求，考虑车载通信系统EMC评估的完整性与准确性，构建了一种涉及工作环境、信号频谱、接收机灵敏度、天线隔离度和通信性能因素的五级评估模型。以某装甲车辆车载通信系统为例的验证实验表明，该模型能够评估车载电台工作环境和信号频谱间是否存在干扰；接收机灵敏度下降的计算误差为5.8%；车载天线隔离度的计算值与实测值吻合良好；仿真分析了车载数字通信系统性能较优的调制模式和编码模式，接收机灵敏度减小6 dB时，车辆通信距离下降50%。仿真结果和实测结果表明，模型适用于装甲车辆车载通信系统的EMC评估。

关键词: 电磁场与微波技术, 装甲车辆, 无线通信系统, 电磁兼容性, 评估模型

Abstract:

Aiming at the limitations of existed electromagnetic compatibility （EMC） evaluation methods or models for wireless communication systems and the actual needs of vehicular communication systems， a five-level novel evaluation model including working environment， signal spectrum， receiver sensitivity， antenna isolation and communication performance is constructed considering the completeness and accuracy of EMC evaluation for vehicular communication systems. The performance of the constructed model is validated using the vehicular communication system of an armored vehicle as an example. The model can evaluate whether there is interference between the working environment and the signal spectrum of the vehicle-mounted radio station. The error in the reduction of the receiver sensitivity between calculation and measurement is 5.8%. The calculated isolation of the vehicle-mounted antenna is in good agreement with the measurements. The modulation mode and coding mode of the vehicle-mounted digital communication system with better performance are simulated and analyzed. When the receiver sensitivity is reduced by 6 dB， the vehicle communication distance is reduced by 50%. The simulation and measurement results show that the proposed model is suitable for the evaluation of EMC of vehicular communication systems for armored vehicles.

Key words: electromagnetic fields and microwave technology, armored vehicle, wireless communication system, electromagnetic compatibility, evaluation model

中图分类号:

U463.67

张光硕,张世巍,秦阳榛,乌扶临,姜博,路宏敏. 车载通信系统电磁兼容性评估模型构建与分析[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2025, 55(5): 1780-1787.

Guang-shuo ZHANG,Shi-wei ZHANG,Yang-zhen Qin,Fu-lin WU,Bo JIANG,Hong-min LU. Construction and analysis of the electromagnetic compatibility evaluation model for vehicular communication systems[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2025, 55(5): 1780-1787.

图/表 15

图1

图2

表1

表2

不同调制类型误码率"

调制方式	相干解调	非相干解调
2ASK	$12 e r f c S N R 2$	$12 e - S N R 4$
2FSK	$12 e r f c S N R 2$	$12 e - S N R 2$
2PSK	$12 e r f c (S N R)$	∕
2DPSK	$e r f c (S N R)$	$12 e - S N R$

表2

表3

一号车辆电台参数和性能指标"

1号短波电台（HF1）

2号超短波电台（VHF2）

3号超短波电台（VHF3）

性能指标

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

发射功率/W

带宽/MHz

驻波比

发射

1.5

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

发射功率/W

带宽/MHz

驻波比

发射

1.5

工作状态

工作频率/MHz

灵敏度/dBm

带宽/MHz

驻波比

接收

-116

1.5

通信距离/km

天线隔离度/dB

灵敏度下降/dB

15~30

$≥ 20$

$≤ 6$

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

垂直极化

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

水平极化

天线增益/dB

天线极化方式

垂直极化

表3

表4

表5

表6

图3

图4

图5

图6

表7

各类型数字信号误码率限值"

信号类型	误码率限值要求
音频	$P e ≤ 10 - 3$
图像	$P e ≤ 10 - 5$
视频	$P e ≤ 10 - 6$

表7

图7

图8

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接收天线		水平极化		垂直极化		圆极化
接收天线		G<10 dB	G≥10 dB	G<10 dB	G≥10 dB	圆极化
水平极化	G<10 dB	0	0	-16	-16	-3
水平极化	G≥10 dB	0	0	-16	-20	-3
垂直极化	G<10 dB	-16	-16	0	0	-3
垂直极化	G≥10 dB	-16	-20	0	0	-3
圆极化		-3	-3	-3	-3	0

收发对	FIM	TIM	RIM	SIM
HF1和VHF3	不存在	存在	存在	存在
VHF2和VHF3	存在	存在	存在	存在