吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (8): 2555-2569.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20231227

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    

激光表面处理对铝-铝粘接接头剪切强度的影响

于贵申1,2(),陈鑫2(),唐悦2,赵春晖1,牛艾佳1,柴辉1,那景新2   

  1. 1.中国北方车辆研究所 系统总体技术部，北京 100072
    2.吉林大学 汽车仿真与控制国家重点实验室，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-11-14
  • 通讯作者: 陈鑫 E-mail:yugs18@mails.jlu.edu.cn;cx@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:于贵申（1992-），男，博士研究生.研究方向：汽车车身结构轻量化连接.E-mail：yugs18@mails.jlu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB250350-3);吉林省校合作项目(SXGJSF2017-2-1-5);吉林大学研究生创新研究计划项目(101832020CX128)

Effect of laser surface treatment on the shear strength of aluminum-aluminum bonding joints

Gui-shen YU1,2(),Xin CHEN2(),Yue TANG2,Chun-hui ZHAO1,Ai-jia NIU1,Hui CHAI1,Jing-xin NA2   

  1. 1.Department of System Overall Technology，North China Vehicle Research Institute，Beijing 100072，China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control，Jilin University，Changchun 130012，China
  • Received:2023-11-08 Online:2025-08-01 Published:2025-11-14
  • Contact: Xin CHEN E-mail:yugs18@mails.jlu.edu.cn;cx@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

激光烧蚀处理是提高接头胶接性能的有效界面处理方法，但其对粘接接头剪切强度的影响机制尚不明确。为此，本研究针对薄板拉伸剪切过程中的面外弯曲，开发了一种粘接接头剪切强度的测试夹具，并通过界面微结构、界面润湿性及粘接接头的断裂机制，阐明了激光表面处理工艺对铝-铝粘接接头剪切强度的影响。结果表明：粘接接头的剪切强度受到界面粗糙度和表面润湿性的共同作用；采用激光能量密度为82.6 J/cm2、45°+135°的形貌、激光重叠率为-25%的工艺参数，可获得最高的剪切强度（24.51 MPa），相较于轧制表面（11.74 MPa）提升了108.7%。

关键词: 车辆工程, 铝合金连接, 粘接接头, 剪切强度, 浸润性, 粗糙度

Abstract:

Laser ablation is an effective interfacial treatment to improve the joint bonding performance， whereas the effect mechanism of the laser treatment process on the shear strength of bonded joints is not clear. This study developed a test fixture for the shear strength of bonded joints which addressed the out-of-plane bending during the tensile shear of thin plates. The effect of laser surface treatment process on the shear strength of aluminum bonded joints was elucidated through the interfacial microstructure， wettability， and fracture mechanism. The results show that the shear strength of bonded joints is affected by the combination of interfacial roughness and surface wettability. The highest shear strength （24.51 MPa） was obtained using a laser energy density of 82.6 J/cm2， a 45°+135° morphology， and overlap rate of -25%. Compared to the rolled surface （11.74 MPa）， the shear strength of the laser-machined joints increased by 108.7%.

Key words: vehicle engineering, aluminum alloy joints, adhesive joints, shear strength, wettability, roughness

中图分类号: 

  • U463.82

图1

激光表面处理工艺的示意图"

表1

选用雕刻机的激光器参数"

激光器参数数值
峰值功率Pmax/W50
激光波长λ/nm1 064
光斑直径d/μm50
脉冲频率f/kHz20
扫描速度v /（mm·s-1）0~2 000

图2

粘接接头剪切力学性能测试装夹"

图3

界面接触角模型的示意图"

表2

实验使用的激光能量密度及其对应的功率参数"

激光效率η/%平均功率Pave/W激光能量密度Φ/（J·cm-2）
208.0120.4
4016.3741.7
6023.5960.1
8032.4282.6
10039.92101.7

图4

母材（a）~（c）和激光处理后（d）~（f）界面的XPS光谱"

图5

不同激光能量密度加工的表面形貌"

图6

白光干涉表面轮廓仪"

图7

不同激光能量密度加工表面的三维轮廓"

图8

激光能量密度对粘接接头浸润性和剪切强度的影响"

图9

激光能量密度对粘接接头表面形貌的影响和不同沟槽深度粘接界面的示意图"

图10

不同能量密度下粘接接头的剪切宏观断口形貌"

图11

典型的激光处理表面沟槽加工路径的示意图"

图12

不同激光沟槽形状加工的表面形貌"

图13

不同激光沟槽形状加工的表面轮廓"

图14

5种沟槽形状表面的润湿性和粘接接头的剪切强度"

图15

5种沟槽表面液滴形态随时间的变化"

图16

剪切载荷下粘接接头的受力分析"

图17

5种表面形状的剪切断口形貌"

图18

4种激光重叠率下粘接接头的表面形貌"

图19

4种激光重叠率下粘接接头的表面轮廓"

图20

不同重叠率下粘接接头界面的润湿性和剪切强度"

图21

4种激光重叠率粘接接头的断口形貌"

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