Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (9): 2985-2997.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20250577

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Intelligent monitoring and early warning for freeze⁃thaw instability of high⁃speed railway tunnel portal slopes in cold regions

Bo LI1,2(),Yuan LIANG1,Yun-dong MA1,2,Lu YU1,2   

  1. 1.School of Transportation Engineering，Dalian Jiaotong University，Dalian 116028，China
    2.Liaoning Province Engineering Research Center of High-Speed Railway Technology in High Cold Region，Dalian 116028，China
  • Received:2025-06-29 Online:2025-09-01 Published:2025-11-14

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Abstract:

Aiming at the freeze-thaw instability risks of high-speed railway tunnel portal slopes in cold regions and the issue of fragmented monitoring data， this paper proposes an intelligent monitoring system integrating multi-source information （including BeiDou positioning， millimeter-wave radar and InSAR） based on a "perception-transmission-analysis-warning" framework. The system constructs three categories of monitoring indicators—structural deformation， environmental disturbance， and abnormal response， and the "point-line-surface-volume" deployment strategy was adopted to achieve multi-dimensional perception of slope conditions. Furthermore， an early warning model incorporating displacement triggering， image verification， and multi-source fusion was developed， alongside a digital platform was developed to achieve risk hierarchical response. The results of engineering validation show that the system has high adaptability during freeze-thaw periods and can effectively identify landslides precursors.

Key words: road engineering, cold region slopes, freeze-thaw cycles, multi-source information fusion, intelligent monitoring and early warning

CLC Number: 

  • U25

Fig.1

Location and topography of the liming tunnel project area"

Table 1

Monitoring index system of the liming tunnel portal slope"

监测类型监测目标监测项目感知装置精度说明
结构变形坡顶、坡面、坡体监测点及对应区域的沉降位移水平位移、垂直位移北斗高精（毫米级）感知单元+北斗CORS站

水平±2.5 mm+0.5 ppm

垂直±3 mm+0.5 ppm

坡体深层土体位移角倾斜位移固定测斜仪±0.05 °
环境扰动感知冻融期水热迁移（温度/含水率）及外部降雨输入，定位冻融相变土体温度土体温度传感器±0.5 ℃
土体含水率土体湿度传感器±1.5% VWC
捕捉外部扰动事件降雨量雨量计≤1%
异常响应边坡坡面特定点状态图像坡面特定点局部变化、防护栅栏状态UWB单元感知模块
实时动态影像监测树木、危岩落石、异物侵限、防护栅栏状态等的实时图像固定式毫米波雷达+角反射器+高清摄像头变形监测精度≤±0.1 mm
边坡局部点状态变化边坡特定区域、特定时间内的坡面稳定状态图像合成孔径雷达（InSAR）精度≤±5 mm/年
定期图像对比分析边坡状态变化高分数据影像图像（监测周期大于InSAR图像监测周期）高分数据影像分析单元图像识别精度≤±1 pixel

Fig.2

3D finite element model for slope"

Fig.3

Potential landslide area map of the slope"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of monitoring point layout"

Fig.5

Field installation of monitoring devices"

Fig.6

Flow chart of slope safety condition monitoring and early warning system"

Table 2

Classification of early warning levels and response"

预警等级变形阶段位移速率阈值/（mm·d-1）寒区特征参数响应机制
四级（绿色）初始变形<0.5地温<-5 ℃，含水率<18%常规监测数据，每日汇总
三级（黄色）等速变形0.5~1.5地温-5~0 ℃，含水率20%~25%平台预警提示，每周现场巡查
二级（橙色）加速变形1.5~2.5地温>0 ℃，裂缝扩展速率<1 mm/d加密监测频次，启动应急值班
一级（红色）加速临滑>2.5地温>5 ℃，裂缝扩展速率>1 mm/d自动声光报警，联动线路封控，人员撤离

Fig.7

Overall system architecture"

Table 3

Critical values of elevation displacement and horizontal displacement of equipment 1—4"

设备名称均值/μ

均方差

（S：σs）

均方差（P：σp）统计阈值（μ+3σ）
1号设备?H0.285.315.2516.13
HD2.862.762.7311.10
2号设备?H-1.486.636.5818.33
HD3.273.263.2313.02
3号设备?H-0.034.494.4313.34
HD1.170.910.903.88
4号设备?H-1.925.965.9115.89

Fig.8

Relationship between displacement and soil temperature variation"

Fig.9

Main interface of slope stability analysis"

Fig.10

Intelligent early warning view function chart"

Fig.11

Early warning alarm diagram"

Fig.12

Regional deformation map of limin tunnel passenger dedicated line"

Fig.13

Variation trend of partial monitoring data"

Fig.14

Equipment #2 monitoring data from February 18~21"

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