Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition) ›› 2020, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 399-407.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20181118

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Design and optimization of a car empennage with winglet under effect of static aeroelasticity

Chen-guang LAI1(),Qing-yu WANG1,Bo HU1(),Kai-ping WEN2,Yan-yu CHEN2   

  1. 1.College of Vehicle Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
    2.Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980? 8577, Japan
  • Received:2018-11-12 Online:2020-03-01 Published:2020-03-08
  • Contact: Bo HU E-mail:chenguanglai@cqut.edu.cn;b.hu@cqut.edu.cn

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Abstract:

A winglet can use the three-dimensional flow, generated by the wingtip, to provide the wing with additional lift and forward thrust. Its unique mechanism of action is also suitable for the application to a car empennage. However, because the wake of a vehicle has many differences with an aircraft, traditional airfoils of an aircraft are difficult to satisfy the design requirements of a winglet that is installed on the car empennage. Meanwhile, adding a winglet will create new aerodynamic load distribution due to the additional elastic deformation. Therefore, the design and optimization of a car-use winglet is needed. Firstly, quasi-uniform B-spline curve was applied to fit the airfoil, then the fitting airfoil was employed in building the three-dimensional model of the winglet. After that, the Bi-directional fluid-structure interaction was used to add the actual influence of static aeroelasticity on the car empennage with the winglet. Finally, the airfoil shape and shape parameters of the winglet were optimized with the three-dimensional numerical simulations. Wind tunnel tests were performed to validate and compare the results of numerical optimization, showing that the numerical simulations have high fidelity. The results of wind tunnel tests and numerical simulations indicate that, through design and optimization, a winglet can reduce drag and produce additional downforce for a vehicle with an ordinary car empennage. Compared with a rigid winglet, the optimal solution set of the new car empennage, under the influence of static aeroelasticity, have the trend to increase the lift coefficient and reduce the drag coefficient of the car model.

Key words: vehicle engineering, winglet, car empennage, static aeroelasticity, optimization, wind tunnel test

CLC Number: 

  • U463.99

Fig.1

Comparison between airfoil fitting result and original airfoil"

Fig.2

Parametric method of winglet"

Fig.3

Experimental 3D model"

Fig.4

Mesh independent analysis"

Fig.5

Optimization variables of model"

Fig.6

Process of optimization"

Fig.7

Pareto-optimal frontier"

Fig.8

Comparison between airfoils of two optimized objective solutions and original airfoil"

Fig.9

Sensitivity analysis"

Fig.10

Turbulent kinetic energy contour on plane whose length is 0.1 times length away form model′s tail"

Fig.11

Surface pressure contour of model′s tail"

Fig.12

Deformation of car empennage with optimized winglet under effect of static aeroelasticity"

Fig.13

Aerodynamic load acting on transverse section whose position away form leading edge of car empennage is one-fourth chord length"

Fig.14

Chordwise aerodynamic load distribution whoseposition away form wingtip of winglet is one-tenth span length of the winglet"

Fig.15

Wind tunnel test at Tohoku University in Japan"

Table 1

Comparison between results of wind tunnel test and numerical simulation"

尾翼编号CD风洞试验值CL风洞试验值CD/CFD计算值CL/CFD计算值CD误差/%CL误差/%减阻率/%减升率/%
10.342 1-0.285 60.366 8-0.261 87.228.51--
20.335 4-0.293 60.349 6-0.268 74.238.481.962.80
30.331 4-0.306 90.338 3-0.277 52.089.583.137.46
40.327 3-0.301 50.332 1-0.272 21.478.834.335.57
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