基于MADYMO的大客车追尾碰撞事故乘员损伤机理

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200728

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to enable the occupants to carry out targeted protection according to different locations when the bus rear end collision accident occurs， the bus model， 12 dummy models and seat belt models were constructed by using the finite element analysis and rigid multi-body dynamics software. The dummy models were assigned to different seats of the bus. The gravity acceleration， impact waveform and relative impact velocity were loaded into the simulation model. The injury indexes of the dummy head， chest and leg under different relative impact velocities were finally obtained. The results show that the larger the relative impact speed is， the greater the injury index values of head， chest and leg are. When the relative collision speed is greater than 60 km/h， some occupants' head and chest in the bus will suffer serious injury of grade 4 or above. The weighted injury criteria values （WICs） of the occupants on the front and rear seats are larger than that of the occupants on the middle seat. The WIC of the occupants near the windshield side is larger than that of the occupants near the aisle side of the same row of seats.

Key words: traffic engineering, bus, rear end collision accident, occupant injury, simulation analysis

CLC Number:

U491.31

Wen-hui ZHANG,Jing YI,Wei LIU,Qiu-ying YU,Lian-zhen WANG. Injury mechanism of occupants in bus during rear-end crash based on MADYMO[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2022, 52(1): 118-126.

Figures/Tables 25

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 5

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 6

HIC36ms of dummy head at different relative impact velocities"

N	v/（km·h $- 1$ ）
N	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
1	37	94	321	518	731	1032	1523
3	22	142	277	623	825	1024	1242
7	26	270	413	821	931	1248	1678
10	18	199	225	561	475	923	1342
17	22	113	195	428	784	853	1121
18	25	83	131	629	549	948	1452
31	12	107	200	465	429	513	973
32	15	152	243	379	505	623	897
37	22	213	404	595	786	977	1572
38	17	116	315	242	598	762	1498
47	33	311	589	321	723	1423	1724
48	28	261	402	521	822	1237	1559

Table 6

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

Table 7

C3ms of dummy chest at different relative impact velocities"

N	v/（km·h $- 1$ ）
N	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
1	12.4	19.0	31.7	53.0	65.0	85.0	126.3
3	20.7	17.7	41.0	52.7	69.5	98.8	114.4
7	14.0	19.9	30.9	61.5	57.7	74.6	79.5
10	12.4	20.4	39.3	48.3	59.4	74.4	84.3
17	14.5	17.4	32.9	56.5	63.5	87.9	98.7
18	13.9	20.5	42.1	61.6	75.5	84.1	106.4
31	24.6	19.2	40.3	46.8	51.8	62.3	69.1
32	19.7	28.6	31.7	46.5	52.2	74.3	85.1
37	18.0	19.2	20.5	41.9	52.7	65.1	77.8
38	13.3	25.8	43.0	75.1	63.4	116.3	136.9
47	30.5	32.0	65.5	79.2	95.1	111.6	127.9
48	24.2	28.8	48.3	53.4	71.8	83.9	90.7

Table 7

Fig.11

Fig.12

Fig.13

Table 8

FFC of dummy left leg at different relative impact velocities"

N	v/（km·h $- 1$ ）
N	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
1	1.12	2.14	3.15	4.17	5.18	6.20	7.21
3	0.87	2.26	3.66	5.05	6.44	7.84	9.23
7	1.21	2.22	3.22	4.23	5.24	6.24	7.33
10	2.35	3.66	4.98	6.29	7.60	8.92	10.23
17	1.51	3.17	4.82	6.48	8.13	9.79	11.44
18	0.72	2.14	3.56	4.98	6.40	7.82	9.24
31	0.91	1.81	2.71	3.62	4.52	5.42	6.32
32	1.43	2.38	3.33	4.28	5.23	6.18	7.13
37	1.22	1.72	2.22	2.72	3.22	3.72	4.22
38	1.52	2.29	3.06	3.83	4.59	5.36	6.13
47	1.23	1.9	2.56	3.23	3.89	4.56	5.22
48	0.97	2.18	3.39	4.61	5.82	7.03	8.24

Table 8

Table 9

FFC of dummy right leg at different relative impact velocities"

N	v/（km·h $- 1$ ）
N	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
1	1.05	2.01	2.96	3.92	4.87	5.82	6.78
3	0.97	2.53	4.10	5.66	7.22	8.78	10.34
7	1.26	2.31	3.35	4.40	5.45	6.49	7.62
10	2.14	3.33	4.53	5.72	6.92	8.11	9.31
17	1.45	3.04	4.63	6.22	7.80	9.39	10.98
18	0.86	2.57	4.27	5.98	7.68	9.38	11.09
31	1.00	1.99	2.98	3.98	4.97	5.96	6.95
32	1.33	2.21	3.10	3.98	4.86	5.75	6.63
37	1.34	1.89	2.44	2.99	3.54	4.09	4.64
38	1.47	2.22	2.96	3.71	4.46	5.20	5.95
47	1.28	1.97	2.66	3.35	4.05	4.74	5.43
48	1.11	2.49	3.87	5.25	6.63	8.01	9.39

Table 9

Fig.14

Table 10

WIC of dummy at different relative impact velocities"

N	v/（km·h $- 1$ ）
N	20	30	40	50	60	70	80
1	0.22	0.36	0.57	0.84	0.99	1.30	1.75
3	0.28	0.34	0.62	0.81	0.89	1.36	1.59
7	0.24	0.39	0.59	0.97	0.96	1.25	1.45
10	0.21	0.37	0.61	0.78	0.90	1.18	1.35
17	0.23	0.29	0.55	0.91	0.81	1.35	1.54
18	0.23	0.36	0.60	0.84	0.66	1.23	1.50
31	0.30	0.30	0.56	0.66	0.77	0.98	1.11
32	0.26	0.37	0.59	0.68	0.91	1.13	1.30
37	0.26	0.34	0.48	0.70	0.72	0.96	1.25
38	0.22	0.42	0.69	1.07	1.03	1.62	1.91
47	0.38	0.51	0.81	1.08	1.25	1.48	1.90
48	0.31	0.40	0.73	0.79	1.12	1.36	1.51

Table 10

Fig.15

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AIS等级	损伤程度	AIS等级	损伤程度
0	轻微伤	5	垂危
1	轻伤	6	死亡，因1个致命伤害在24 h内死亡
2	中伤	7	死亡，因2个致命伤而死亡
3	重伤，但无生命危险	8	死亡，因3个及以上的致命伤而死亡
4	重伤，有生命危险	9	死亡，情况不明

HIC值	AIS	损伤描述	损伤程度
130~520	1	头部眩晕	无伤害
521~900	2	短时间意识丧失，线性骨折	轻伤
901~1255	3	意识丧失；出现凹陷性骨折	中伤
1256~1575	4	意识丧失；出现开放性骨折	重伤，但无生命危险
1576~1860	5	意识丧失；出现脑血肿	重伤，有生命危险
≥1861	6	垂危死亡或死亡	垂危

AIS等级	胸部C_3ms 加速度/g	胸部损伤描述	损伤程度
1	17~37	1根肋骨骨折	轻度损伤
2	38~54	有2~3根肋骨折；胸骨骨折	中度损伤
3	55~68	3根以上肋骨骨折，伴有血气胸凹陷性骨折	较重伤，无生命危险
4	69~79	连枷胸，3根及以上肋骨骨折，伴有血气胸；胸壁组织撕裂	严重伤，有生命危险
5	80~90	双边连枷胸、大动脉破裂	危重伤，有生还可能
6	≥90	死亡	最严重的伤

身体部位	质量/kg	身体部位	质量/kg
头部	3.800	右下臂	1.246
颈部	1.220	腹部	0.400
右锁骨	0.250	骨盆	7.620
左锁骨	0.250	骶骨	1.595
肩胛骨	0.200	左大腿	8.801
胸骨上部	0.750	右大腿	8.801
胸部	1.200	左小腿	3.039
左上臂	1.652	右小腿	3.039
右上臂	1.652	左脚	1.618
左下臂	1.246	右脚	1.618

Injury mechanism of occupants in bus during rear-end crash based on MADYMO

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