Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition) ›› 2026, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (2): 513-522.doi: 10.13481/j.1671-587X.20260224
• Research in clinical medicine • Previous Articles
Yuanshuang JIANG,Yang YU,Ruopu LI,Qinyan HUANG,Yunwei SUN,Yan CHEN(
)
Received:2025-06-01
Accepted:2025-08-04
Online:2026-03-28
Published:2026-04-15
Contact:
Yan CHEN
E-mail:cheny99@jlu.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Yuanshuang JIANG,Yang YU,Ruopu LI,Qinyan HUANG,Yunwei SUN,Yan CHEN. Relationship between glucose coefficient of variation and hyperuricemia in early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus[J].Journal of Jilin University(Medicine Edition), 2026, 52(2): 513-522.
Tab. 1
Baseline characteristics of patients in late-onset T2DM group and early-onset T2DM group"
| Variable | Late-onset T2DM(n=121) | Early-onset T2DM(n=103) | t/χ2/Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [M(P25, P75), year] | 57.00(51.00,66.00) | 44.50(36.00,58.00) | -12.90 | <0.001 |
| Disease duration [M(P25, P75), year] | 9.00(4.00,15.00) | 4.00(1.00,10.00) | -8.81 | <0.001 |
| Gender [n(%)] | 10.70 | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 76(62.8) | 85(82.5) | ||
| Female | 45(37.2) | 18(17.5) | ||
| Smoking [n(%)] | 0.30 | 0.587 | ||
| Yes | 37(30.6) | 35(34.0) | ||
| No | 84(69.4) | 68(66.0) | ||
| Drinking [n(%)] | 1.68 | 0.195 | ||
| Yes | 35(28.9) | 22(21.4) | ||
| No | 86(71.1) | 81(78.6) | ||
| Family history of diabetes [n(%)] | 5.73 | 0.017 | ||
| Yes | 25(20.7) | 36(35.0) | ||
| No | 96(79.3) | 67(65.0) | ||
| BMI (x±s, kg·m-2) | 26.30±5.26 | 28.85±4.11 | 3.99 | <0.001 |
| SUA (x±s, μmol·L-1) | 349.35±103.71 | 442.64±100.19 | 6.82 | <0.001 |
| ALT [M(P25, P75), U·L-1] | 21.00(15.00,30.00) | 43.00(25.00,72.00) | -6.65 | <0.001 |
| AST [M(P25, P75), U·L-1] | 20.00 (16.00,25.25) | 24.00(18.00,37.00) | -3.47 | <0.001 |
| Scr [M(P25, P75), μmol·L-1] | 65.00(55.00,76.00) | 68.50(60.00,80.50) | -1.67 | 0.094 |
| BUN [M(P25, P75), mmol·L-1] | 6.05(5.22,7.04) | 5.24(4.34,6.21) | -3.99 | <0.001 |
| GFR [M(P25, P75), mL·min-1] | 98.50(88.45,108.40) | 117.40(105.70,123.00) | -7.42 | <0.001 |
| TC [M(P25, P75), mmol·L-1] | 4.96(4.39,5.72) | 5.26(4.55,6.34) | -1.89 | 0.058 |
| TG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L-1] | 2.14(1.35,3.38) | 3.46(2.01,6.07) | -4.33 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (x±s,mmol·L-1) | 1.15±0.27 | 1.03±0.23 | -3.37 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C [M(P25, P75),mmol·L-1] | 2.93(2.31,3.49) | 2.98(2.53,3.61) | -1.54 | 0.125 |
| AI [M(P25, P75)] | 3.36(2.45,4.56) | 4.23(3.37,5.21) | -4.08 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c [M(P25, P75), %] | 7.60 (6.30,8.90) | 8.80(7.45,10.45) | -4.11 | <0.001 |
| FPG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L-1] | 8.10 (6.53,10.30) | 9.85(7.69,12.32) | -2.91 | 0.004 |
| FINS [M(P25, P75), mIU·L-1] | 12.98(7.63,19.70) | 11.57(8.42,19.39) | -0.27 | 0.790 |
| FC-P [M(P25, P75), nmol·L-1] | 1.57(1.10,2.06) | 2.44(1.76,3.35) | -6.01 | <0.001 |
| 2hPG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L-1] | 11.90(10.10,15.10) | 12.20(9.60,15.80) | -0.08 | 0.934 |
| 2h-INS [M(P25, P75), mIU·L-1] | 42.36(27.52,59.22) | 34.94(25.66,52.05) | -1.52 | 0.129 |
| 2hC-P [M(P25, P75), nmol·L?1] | 4.19(2.42,5.70) | 4.79(2.99,6.10) | -1.16 | 0.247 |
| HOMA-IR [M(P25, P75)] | 4.73(2.81,8.16) | 5.21(3.38,8.37) | -0.79 | 0.431 |
| GCV (x±s,%) | 18.87±2.66 | 20.57±5.07 | 3.08 | 0.003 |
| MBG (x±s, mmol·L-1) | 9.13±2.19 | 8.77±1.86 | -1.32 | 0.188 |
| SDBG (x±s, mmol·L-1) | 1.91±1.06 | 2.07±0.69 | 1.39 | 0.167 |
| MAGE (x±s, mmol·L-1) | 3.72±0.96 | 3.88±1.12 | 1.09 | 0.276 |
| GMI (x±s, %) | 7.24±0.94 | 7.08±0.80 | -1.32 | 0.189 |
| TIR [M(P25, P75), %] | 79.00(50.00,93.00) | 78.00(57.00,94.00) | -0.36 | 0.720 |
| GRI [M(P25, P75), %] | 17.60(5.60,40.60) | 20.00(5.60,42.00) | -0.09 | 0.931 |
| HUA [n(%)] | 18(14.88) | 65(63.11) | 55.49 | <0.001 |
Tab.2
Baseline characteristics of early-onset T2DM patients in non-HUA group and HUA group"
| Variable | Non-HUA (n=38) | HUA (n=65) | t/Z | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [M(P25, P75), year] | 35.50(31.25,38.75) | 35.00(30.00,38.00) | -0.71 | 0.476 |
| Disease duration [M(P25, P75), year] | 1.00(1.00,2.00) | 1.00(1.00,4.25) | -1.20 | 0.229 |
| BMI (x±s, kg·m?2) | 27.99±3.78 | 29.35±4.24 | -1.63 | 0.106 |
| ALT [M(P25, P75), U·L?1] | 35.00(20.00,63.00) | 43.50 (28.00, 74.25) | -1.36 | 0.174 |
| AST [M(P25, P75), U·L?1] | 21.50(16.25,36.50) | 25.00(20.00,37.00) | -1.55 | 0.121 |
| Scr [M(P25, P75), μmol·L?1] | 62.50(55.50,70.75) | 72.50(64.00,86.00) | -3.25 | 0.001 |
| BUN [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 5.85(4.51,6.37) | 5.14(4.30, 6.11) | -1.12 | 0.261 |
| TC [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 4.87(4.45,6.24) | 5.32(4.57,6.40) | -0.47 | 0.642 |
| TG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 2.91(2.04,4.17) | 4.28(1.85,6.62) | -2.00 | 0.046 |
| HDL-C (x±s, mmol·L?1) | 1.10±0.27 | 0.99±0.20 | 2.22 | 0.028 |
| LDL-C [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 2.99(2.53,3.58) | 2.96(2.53,3.61) | -0.16 | 0.876 |
| AI [M(P25, P75)] | 3.72(3.29,4.89) | 4.40(3.58,5.50) | -2.20 | 0.028 |
| HbA1c [M(P25, P75), %] | 8.25(7.05,9.90) | 9.50(7.57,10.83) | -1.34 | 0.180 |
| FPG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 9.85(7.91,12.82) | 9.85(7.42,11.82) | -0.49 | 0.626 |
| FINS [M(P25, P75), mIU·L?1] | 9.72(8.10,14.40) | 12.95(8.65,19.79) | -1.14 | 0.252 |
| FC-P [M(P25, P75), nmol·L?1] | 1.96(1.49,2.46) | 2.70(2.10,3.52) | -2.85 | 0.004 |
| 2hPG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 13.55(10.20,17.78) | 11.80(9.60,15.50) | -1.03 | 0.301 |
| 2h-INS [M(P25, P75), mIU·L?1] | 33.72(25.00,51.72) | 35.69(25.97,51.63) | -0.40 | 0.690 |
| 2hC-P (x±s, nmol·L?1) | 3.60±1.81 | 5.48±2.63 | -3.73 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR [M(P25, P75)] | 4.33(3.34,7.85) | 5.60(3.47,8.51) | -0.95 | 0.341 |
| GCV (x±s, %) | 17.43±3.01 | 22.41±5.14 | -6.21 | <0.001 |
| TIR [M(P25, P75), %] | 72.00(45.00,94.00) | 80.00(66.00,93.00) | -0.89 | 0.374 |
| MBG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 8.95(7.05,10.65) | 8.40(7.20,9.50) | -1.03 | 0.303 |
| MAGE [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 3.40(2.80,4.00) | 3.90(3.30,4.50) | -2.37 | 0.018 |
| GMI [M(P25, P75), %] | 7.17(6.34,7.90) | 6.93(6.41,7.40) | -1.03 | 0.303 |
| GRI [M(P25, P75), %] | 25.20(4.80,50.60) | 18.40(5.60,30.40) | -0.66 | 0.509 |
Tab.3
Baseline characteristics of early-onset T2DM patients in various groups based on GCV quartiles"
| Variable | Q1 group (n=25) | Q2 group (n=26) | Q3 group (n=26) | Q4 group (n=26) | χ2/F | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI [M(P25, P75), kg·m-2] | 29.30(26.30,31.22) | 28.20(26.03,30.47) | 27.77(26.76,29.93) | 29.16(24.85,31.42) | 0.47 | 0.926 |
| ALT [M(P25, P75), U·L?1] | 53.00(20.00,73.00) | 35.00(24.00,50.00) | 39.00(28.00,75.00) | 43.50(29.25,91.25) | 2.80 | 0.423 |
| AST [M(P25, P75), U·L?1] | 32.00(18.00,39.00) | 21.50(17.25,31.50) | 23.50(20.00,38.75) | 28.50(19.25,37.00) | 2.87 | 0.413 |
| Scr [M(P25, P75), μmol·L?1] | 68.00(60.00,78.00) | 64.00(57.00,78.75) | 76.00(66.00,82.00) | 66.00(60.00,84.25) | 5.00 | 0.172 |
| BUN [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 5.20(4.39,6.09) | 5.93(4.33,6.26) | 5.02(4.28,5.58) | 5.22(4.42,6.19) | 0.81 | 0.847 |
| SUA [M(P25, P75),μmol·L?1] | 411.00(330.00,484.00) | 366.50(310.25,415.75) | 464.50(438.50,515.25) | 496.00(453.50,520.25) | 25.41 | <0.001 |
| TC [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 5.16(4.46,6.41) | 5.68(4.35,6.59) | 4.97(4.71,5.92) | 5.17(4.78,6.31) | 0.27 | 0.966 |
| TG [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 2.63(1.52,5.73) | 2.63(2.15,4.48) | 3.96(1.84,6.92) | 5.08(3.46,6.36) | 5.32 | 0.150 |
| HDL-C (x±s, mmol·L?1) | 1.11±0.25 | 1.04±0.26 | 0.97±0.22 | 1.01±0.19 | 1.51 | 0.218 |
| LDL-C [M(P25, P75), mmol·L?1] | 2.99(2.62,3.37) | 3.37(2.59,3.84) | 2.98(2.54,3.61) | 2.72(2.39,3.43) | 2.75 | 0.431 |
| AI [M(P25, P75)] | 3.45(3.16,5.20) | 4.20(3.46,5.17) | 4.35(3.59,5.59) | 4.24(3.89,5.21) | 2.14 | 0.544 |
| FPG (x±s, mmol·L?1) | 10.53±3.15 | 10.59±3.11 | 9.55±3.11 | 9.91±3.18 | 0.58 | 0.631 |
| HbA1c [M(P25, P75), %] | 7.80(6.95,10.02) | 8.70(7.67,10.83) | 8.30(6.80,10.65) | 9.60(8.70,10.50) | 4.36 | 0.225 |
| HOMA-IR [M(P25, P75)] | 4.99(3.67,8.40) | 4.97(3.24,6.66) | 4.93(3.41,7.79) | 6.93(3.59,9.97) | 2.22 | 0.527 |
Tab.4
Associations between SUA levels and CGM-related indexes and HbA1c level in early-onset T2DM patients"
| Variable | ρ | Raw P value | FDR-adjusted P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| GCV | 0.403 | <0.001 | 0.008 |
| HbA1c | 0.219 | 0.036 | 0.144 |
| MBG | -0.063 | 0.525 | 0.588 |
| SDBG | 0.072 | 0.470 | 0.588 |
| MAGE | 0.114 | 0.251 | 0.502 |
| GMI | -0.063 | 0.525 | 0.588 |
| TIR | 0.075 | 0.454 | 0.588 |
| GRI | -0.054 | 0.588 | 0.588 |
Tab.5
Associations between GCV and HUA in early-onset T2DM patients"
| Group | n | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95%CI) | P | RR (95%CI) | P | RR (95%CI) | P | ||
| GCV | |||||||
| Q1 | 25 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Q2 | 26 | 0.51 (0.23-1.15) | 0.107 | 0.49 (0.22-1.10) | 0.088 | 0.67 (0.29-1.54) | 0.347 |
| Q3 | 26 | 1.89 (1.24-2.89) | 0.003 | 1.81 (1.19-2.76) | 0.005 | 1.92 (1.14-3.24) | 0.014 |
| Q4 | 26 | 2.06 (1.37-3.10) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.40-3.07) | <0.001 | 2.12 (1.28-3.51) | 0.003 |
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