陕西省泾惠渠灌区地下水污染与人体健康风险评价

doi:10.13278/j.cnki.jjuese.20170087

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了研究陕西省泾惠渠灌区地下水污染特征及人体健康风险状况，采集地下水样品进行分析测定，首先运用单因子指数法进行污染评价，再利用GIS获取主要污染物As、Cr （Ⅵ）和NO₃^--N的空间分布特征，最后借鉴美国环境保护署的人体健康风险评价模型对灌区地下水污染物的人体健康风险做出评价。结果表明：研究区地下水中As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO₃^--N的质量浓度均超标，As对成人的致癌风险最高达3.50×10^-4，明显超出限值1.00×10^-4，长期暴露对当地居民带来罹患癌症的健康风险较高；As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO₃^--N的非致癌风险从大到小排序为Cr （Ⅵ）、NO₃^--N、As，其中Cr （Ⅵ）对儿童的非致癌风险最高，达8.693 7，远超限值1.000 0，危害性最大。空间分布特征方面，As的致癌风险区域面积比例最高，为42.82%，As、Cr （Ⅵ）、NO₃^--N的非致癌风险区域面积比例分别高达69.19%、69.06%和66.55%，水安全问题突出。

关键词: 地下水, 污染, 人体健康, 风险评价, 泾惠渠灌区

Abstract: In order to investigate the potential human health risk of groundwater contamination in the Jinghui irrigation district in Shaanxi Province, the samples of groundwater were collected, and their physical and chemical characteristics were analyzed through laboratory test. The contamination was evaluated by using a single factor index method, and the spatial distribution of As, Cr(Ⅵ) and NO₃^--N were obtained by GIS. The human health risk of the groundwater contaminants were assessed by using human health risk assessment model. The results show that the concentration of As, Cr(Ⅵ) and NO₃^--N of groundwater in the study area exceeds the limits, the carcinogenic risk of As for adults reaches 3.50×10^-4, beyond the limit of 1.00×10^-4. A long-term exposure to As increases the risk of getting cancer. The ranking of non-carcinogenic risk of As, Cr(Ⅵ) and NO₃^--N is Cr(Ⅵ) > NO₃^--N > As,the non-carcinogenic risk of Cr(Ⅵ) for children reaches 8.693 7, far beyond the limit of 1.000 0. The human health risks resulted from oral exposure to the three contaminants are higher than those from dermal exposure. Spatially, As carcinogenic risk area is up to 42.82%, and the area ratios of the non-carcinogenic risk caused by As, Cr(Ⅵ) and NO₃^--N are 69.19%、69.06% and 66.55% respectively, the local water safety is a serious problem.

Key words: groundwater, contamination, human health, risk assessment, Jinghui irrigation district

中图分类号:

X523

张艳, 徐斌, 刘秀花. 陕西省泾惠渠灌区地下水污染与人体健康风险评价[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2018, 48(5): 1451-1464.

Zhang Yan, Xu Bin, Liu Xiuhua. Groundwater Contamination and Human Health Risk Assessment in Jinghui Irrigation District, Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2018, 48(5): 1451-1464.

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