吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 3793-3803.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240800

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    

融合遗传算法和递推最小二乘法的半挂车稳定性参数估计

曾小华1(),李凯旋1,韩凯2,宫铭遥3(),宋大凤1   

  1. 1.吉林大学 汽车底盘集成与仿生全国重点实验室,长春 130022
    2.潍柴动力股份有限公司 内燃机与动力系统全国重点实验室,山东 潍坊 262123
    3.吉林化工大学 航空工程学院,吉林省 吉林市 132102
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-14 出版日期:2025-12-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 通讯作者: 宫铭遥 E-mail:zeng.xiaohua@126.com;gongmingyuan@jlict.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:曾小华(1977-),男,教授,博士.研究方向:新能源汽车关键技术.E-mail:zeng.xiaohua@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省自然科学基金自由探索项目(YDZJ202101ZYTS159);潍柴股份有限公司开放课题项目(skleps-sq-2023-003)

Semi⁃trailer stability parameter estimation based on genetic algorithm and recursive least squares method

Xiao-hua ZENG1(),Kai-xuan LI1,Kai HAN2,Ming-yao GONG3(),Yu-feng HUANG1   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Automotive Chassis Integration and Bionics,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,China
    2.The State Key Laboratory of Engine and Powertrain System,Weichai Power Co. ,Ltd. ,Weifang,262123,China
    3.School of Aeronautical Engineering,Jilin University of Chemical Technology,Jilin 132102,China
  • Received:2024-05-14 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2026-02-03
  • Contact: Ming-yao GONG E-mail:zeng.xiaohua@126.com;gongmingyuan@jlict.edu.cn

摘要:

采用遗传算法与递推最小二乘法相结合的方法估计半挂车的稳定性参数,从而解决轮胎侧偏刚度、车辆侧倾刚度、车身侧倾阻尼等参数难以通过传感器直接测量的问题。该方法有效弥补了传统离线辨识方法在工况适应能力方面的不足。相较于一般商用车,半挂车的结构更加复杂且使用工况多样,因此在确保车辆安全性和品质的过程中,必须更加关注半挂车的稳定性控制。实现这一目标的前提是建立高精度、高置信度的半挂车动力学理论模型。在此基础上,理论模型可作为跟随目标,以实车或商用软件车辆模型与理论模型的输出状态差值作为控制量进行调节。本文通过Trucksim与Simulink的联合仿真,在特定输入和工况条件下,对比Trucksim软件模型与理论模型的输出重合情况。结果表明,基于本文方法识别的侧倾刚度等参数所建立的理论模型,在工况适应性和精度方面均优于传统离线辨识方法,估计误差降低约6%。该成果为后续基于该理论模型开展的半挂车稳定性控制研究奠定了基础。

关键词: 车辆工程, 半挂车稳定性, 参数估计, 遗传算法, 递推最小二乘法

Abstract:

A combination of genetic algorithm and recursive least squares method was used to estimate the stability parameters of a semi-trailer, solving the problem that parameters such as tire cornering stiffness, vehicle roll stiffness and body roll damping are difficult to directly measure through sensors. In terms of adaptability to working conditions, the shortcomings of traditional offline identification methods are effectively made up for via this method. Compared with general commercial vehicles, semi-trailers have a more complex structure and diversified operating conditions. Therefore, in the process of ensuring vehicle safety and quality, greater attention must be paid to the stability control of semi-trailers. The prerequisite for achieving this goal is to establish a high-precision and high-confidence theoretical model of semi-trailer dynamics. On this basis,the theoretical model can be used as a following target, and the difference between the output state of the actual vehicle or commercial software vehicle model and the output state of the theoretical model is used as the control variable for adjustment. Joint simulation of Trucksim and Simulink is used in this paper to compare the output overlap between the Trucksim software model and the theoretical model under specific input and working conditions. Results show that the theoretical model established based on the parameters such as roll stiffness indentifled by the method proposed in this paper is superior to traditional offline identification method in terms of operating condition adaptability and accuracy, the estimation error is reduced by about 6%. This result lays the foundation for subsequent semi-traller stability control research based on this theoretical model.

Key words: vehicle engineering, semi-trailer stability, parameter estimation, genetic algorithm, recursive least squares method

中图分类号: 

  • U461.6

图1

半挂汽车列车车辆坐标系"

图2

半挂车横、摆侧向运动示意图"

图3

半挂车侧倾运动示意图"

表1

半挂车车辆模型主要结构参数"

参数名称符号数值单位
牵引车总质量m16 762kg
牵引车簧载质量m1s5 457kg
挂车总质量m216 665kg
挂车簧载质量m2s16 000kg
牵引车质心到前轴距离d11.113m
牵引车质心到后轴距离d22.387m
挂车质心到铰接点距离d35.221m
挂车质心到挂车轴距离d44.779m
牵引车质心到铰接点距离d52.287m
牵引车质心高度h11.173m
挂车质心高度h21.935m
铰接点距地面距离hc1.110m
牵引车绕x轴转动惯量I1xx2 287kg?m2
挂车绕x轴转动惯量I2xx25 350kg?m2
牵引车绕z轴转动惯量I1zz34 823kg?m2
挂车绕z轴转动惯量I2zz135 000kg?m2
牵引车绕xz轴惯量积I1xz1 626kg?m2
挂车绕xz轴惯量积I2xz0kg?m2

图4

遗传算法估计半挂车稳定性参数流程图"

图5

目标函数与遗传代数关系"

表2

半挂车稳定性参数估计结果"

稳定性参数项估计值
牵引车前轴轮胎等效侧偏刚度k1/(N·rad-1-2.96×105
牵引车后轴轮胎等效侧偏刚度k2/(N·rad-1-5.74×105
挂车轴轮胎等效侧偏刚度k3/(N·rad-1-6.51×105
牵引车车身侧倾刚度kr1/(N·m·rad-12.07×104
牵引车车身侧倾阻尼c1/(N·m·s·rad-13.62×105
挂车车身侧倾刚度kr2/(N·m·rad-16.05×105
挂车车身侧倾阻尼c2/(N·m·s·rad-13.49×105
铰接点等效侧倾刚度k12/(N·m·rad-11.53×107

图6

辨识工况下40 km/h正弦输入车辆状态"

图7

不同测试工况下牵引车与半挂车质心侧偏角"

图8

融合遗传算法与RLS的稳定性参数估计结果"

图9

融合遗传算法与RLS估计在不同测试工况下牵引车与挂车横摆角速度"

表3

两种辨识方法下状态变量计算残差指标MSE均值"

辨识方法MSE均值
单一遗传算法离线辨识0.196
带遗忘因子RLS融合辨识0.077

图10

两种辨识方法下状态量的计算残差MSE"

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