基于路表分形摩擦理论的整车雨天制动性能模拟

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20171082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用一种考虑橡胶?路面摩擦特性与水膜动水压力的雨天车辆制动模拟方法，研究了积水沥青路面上车辆的制动性能。首先运用路表分形摩擦理论，基于路面功率谱和橡胶的复模量计算出橡胶?路面的动摩擦因数。然后建立轮胎有限元滑水模型，分析了不同行驶速度及水膜厚度下轮胎?水膜?路面接触力变化规律。在此基础上，建立整车动力模型，基于车辆防抱死制动机理模拟评估了积水直线与弯道路面上整车制动性能。研究表明：与干燥状态相比，潮湿状态下橡胶?路面动摩擦因数下降了13%~34%；轮胎滑水过程中，随着轮胎行驶速度的增加，轮胎?路面接触力逐渐减小、水流竖向托举力逐渐增大，水膜厚度的增加也会产生相同的效果；较低的车辆行驶速度、较小的路表水膜厚度以及防抱死系统，都能有效降低车辆制动距离；相比于单个车轮的临界水漂速度，采用整车模型分析积水路面车辆行驶状况更切合实际状态。

关键词: 道路工程, 车辆制动性能, 路表分形摩擦理论, 胎路附着性能, 防抱死制动, 轮胎滑水

Abstract:

To investigate vehicle braking performance on wet asphalt pavement, a method was developed to simulate the vehicle braking process on rainy days considering rubber?pavement friction and water film hydrodynamic force. Firstly, the pavement surface fractal friction theory was applied to calculate the rubber?pavement kinetic friction coefficient based on pavement surface power spectrum and rubber complex modulus. Secondly, a finite element tire hydroplaning model was constructed to determine the tire?water film?pavement interaction force with different vehicle velocity and water film thickness. Based on these, a full vehicle dynamic model was constructed to evaluate the vehicle braking performance on wet straight road and curved road, and vehicle anti?lock braking mechanism was analyzed. Research results show that the rubber?pavement kinetic friction coefficient declines by 13%~34% when pavement becomes wet. In the tire hydroplaning process, tire-pavement contact force rises and water uplifting force drops with the increase in vehicle velocity and water film thickness. The lower vehicle velocity, the smaller water film thickness and the equipment of anti-lock braking system are useful in reducing vehicle braking distance. Compared with critical tire hydroplaning speed, the full vehicle model is superior in coinciding with the actual situation in evaluating vehicle driving performance on wet pavement.

Key words: road engineering, vehicle braking performance, pavement surface fractal friction theory, tire?pavement grip behavior, anti?lock braking, tire hydroplaning

中图分类号:

U416.217

黄晓明,曹青青,刘修宇,陈嘉颖,周兴林. 基于路表分形摩擦理论的整车雨天制动性能模拟[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2019, 49(3): 757-765.

Xiao⁃ming HUANG,Qing⁃qing CAO,Xiu⁃yu LIU,Jia⁃ying CHEN,Xing⁃lin ZHOU. Simulation of vehicle braking performance on rainy daysbased on pavement surface fractal friction theory[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2019, 49(3): 757-765.

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参数	取值
轮胎型号	170?70?R15
轮胎单元数量	734156
轮胎花纹	纵横向花纹
轮胎轴载/N	3922
充气压力/kPa	240
水膜模型尺寸/mm	320×390×80
水膜单元数量	381420
水膜厚度/mm	10
路面MPD值/mm	0.65
轮胎滑移率/%	17.5

参数	取值
长宽高/mm	3350×1739×1378
质心高度/mm	540
质心到前轴距离/mm	1015
质心到后轴距离/mm	1795
左右轮距/mm	1540
簧上质量/kg	1270
整车质量/kg	1422
X轴回转半径/m	0.650
Y轴回转半径/m	1.100
Z轴回转半径/m	1.100
轮胎转动惯量/(kg·mm²)	0.9
车辆侧倾惯量I_xx/(kg·m²)	536.6
车辆俯仰惯量I_yy/(kg·m²)	1536.7
车辆偏航惯量I_zz/(kg·m²)	1536.7