吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2021, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1887-1896.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb20200568

• 农业工程·仿生工程 • 上一篇    

4QJ⁃3型青贮燕麦捡拾割台的研制

梁荣庆1,2(),钟波2,蒙贺伟1,3,孙志民2,坎杂1,3()   

  1. 1.石河子大学 机械电气工程学院，新疆 石河子 832000
    2.山东省农业机械科学研究院，济南 250100
    3.农业农村部 西北农业装备重点实验室，新疆 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-27 出版日期:2021-09-01 发布日期:2021-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 坎杂 E-mail:liangrongqing2008@163.com;kz-shz@163.com
  • 作者简介:梁荣庆（1985-），男，工程师，博士.研究方向：现代农业机械装备.E-mail：liangrongqing2008@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    三师肉羊饲养机械化科技特派员创新创业示范项目(2016CA002);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37)

Design of 4QJ⁃3 type pickup header of silage oat

Rong-qing LIANG1,2(),Bo ZHONG2,He-wei MENG1,3,Zhi-min SUN2,Za KAN1,3()   

  1. 1.College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering，Shihezi University，Shihezi 832000，China
    2.Shandong Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences，Jinan 250100，China
    3.Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment，Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs，Shihezi 832000，China
  • Received:2020-07-27 Online:2021-09-01 Published:2021-09-16
  • Contact: Za KAN E-mail:liangrongqing2008@163.com;kz-shz@163.com

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摘要：

为解决刈杀晾晒后燕麦的捡拾收获问题，研究设计了一种具有捡拾、切碎及揉搓等功能的青贮燕麦捡拾割台，并同时开展了田间试验。田间试验表明：样机前进速度为2.7~6.8 km/h时，样机漏捡率为0.6%~1.1%，物料切断长度为20~36 mm，揉搓率均>93%，纯工作小时生产率为0.6~1.49 hm2/h，各性能指标均与设计值吻合较好。试验过程中整机前进速度较高及连续运行时间过长时，存在切碎刀具磨损严重、液压系统过热及零部件损坏等问题，后期需进一步对整机及关键零部件进行优化改进，并对样机进行田间试验，提高整机作业效率及可靠性。

关键词: 农业机械化工程, 燕麦, 捡拾割台, 弹齿滚筒, 夹持喂入, 切碎揉搓

Abstract:

Combined with the present status of silage demand in China and the problems of low mechanization level， poor adaptability and versatility， complicated operation process， high labor intensity as well as high cost in oat gathering， giving full consideration to the application of the silage oat collecting equipment and the status quo of its development， the 4QJ-3 silage oat collecting and cutting header was developed. At the same time， the core components such as the picking and conveying mechanism， the forced feeding mechanism and the structure of chopping and kneading were designed， and the field performance test was carried out. With the combination of the throwing blade of spiral protrusion and kneading board， the material can be kneaded and thrown effectively. The results of field trials showed that the prototype and its components work well. When the tractor's forward speed is 2.7~6.8 km/h， the missing piking rate of the prototype is 0.6%~1.1%， the material cutting length is 20~36 mm， the kneading rate is more than 93%， and the pure working hour productivity is 0.60~1.49 hm2/h. Though all the performance indexes are in good agreement with the design values， but there are still many problems in the prototype when the forward speed is high and the continuous operation time is too long. In the later stage， it is necessary to optimize and improve the machine and key parts， and conduct field test to improve the operation efficiency and reliability of the machine. The development of the prototype can lay a theoretical foundation for the research and development of other types of silage harvester.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, oat, pick-up header, spring roller, gripping feeding, chopping and kneading

中图分类号: 

  • S225.8

图1

4QJ-3型青贮燕麦捡拾割台结构总成图1-弹齿滚筒捡拾装置；2-机架；3-变速箱；4-切碎动刀磨刃机构；5-切碎揉搓装置；6-抛送筒；7-夹持式强制喂入装置；8-限位轮"

表1

4QJ-3型青贮燕麦捡拾割台主要技术参数"

项目数值
配套动力/kW≥100
作业幅宽/mm2200
纯工作时间生产率/（hm2·h-1）0.5~1.2
工作状态外形尺寸/（m×m×m）6.3×2.64×4.85
切断长度/mm5~50
漏捡率/%≤1
揉搓率/%≥93
喂入量/（kg·s-1）3
结构质量/kg1650

图2

捡拾输送装置结构图1-弹齿滚筒捡拾机构；2-压草杆；3-螺旋输送机构；4-挡草架；5-外护罩；6-链传动系统；7-中间过渡连接架；8-快速挂接机构；9-单向链轮；10-限深轮"

图3

弹齿滚筒捡拾机构运动分析图"

图4

夹持式强制喂入装置1-左强制喂入辊；2-左压草辊；3-右压草辊；4-右强制喂入辊；5-安全联轴器；6-传动主轴；7-齿轮传动系统"

图5

切碎揉搓装置结构图1-旋转刀盘；2-动刀固定座；3-右螺旋凸起抛送叶片；4-弧面抛送叶片；5-左螺旋凸起抛送叶片；6-传动轴；7-揉搓板调节机构；8-揉搓板；9-切碎动刀"

表2

物料理论切段长度计算表 (mm)"

vwk
234612
Ⅰ38.125.419.112.76.4
Ⅱ50.733.825.416.98.5
Ⅲ67.244.833.622.411.2

图6

抛送装置结构图1-抛送筒；2-抛送位置调整机构；3-抛送距离调节机构；4-推拉锁；5-导流板"

图7

样机及田间试验"

表3

燕麦实际平均切段长度 (mm)"

vwk
234612
Ⅰ37.525.719.516.38.7
Ⅱ50.534.225.817.99.6
Ⅲ67.545.331.622.413.9
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