吉林大学学报(工学版) ›› 2023, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 982-988.doi: 10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210824

• 车辆工程·机械工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

吸能与压溃位移约束下的轨道车辆前端结构抗撞性优化

李本怀1(),刘艳文1,2,王璐1,陈雪乾3,左文杰3()   

  1. 1.中国中车股份有限公司 长春轨道客车股份有限公司，长春 130062
    2.西南交通大学 牵引动力国家重点实验室，成都 610031
    3.吉林大学 机械与航空航天工程学院，长春 130022
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-25 出版日期:2023-04-01 发布日期:2023-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 左文杰 E-mail:lbh1008@163.com;zuowenjie@jlu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李本怀（1978-），男，高级工程师.研究方向：车辆结构强度、疲劳、碰撞.E-mail：lbh1008@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA0713604);国家自然科学基金项目(12172148)

Crashworthiness optimization for frontal⁃end structure of rail vehicle constrained with absorbed energy and crushed displacements

Ben-huai LI1(),Yan-wen LIU1,2,Lu WANG1,Xue-qian CHEN3,Wen-jie ZUO3()   

  1. 1.CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co. ，Ltd. ，Changchun 130062，China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Traction Power，Southwest Jiaotong University，Chengdu 610031，China
    3.School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering，Jilin University，Changchun 130022，China
  • Received:2021-08-25 Online:2023-04-01 Published:2023-04-20
  • Contact: Wen-jie ZUO E-mail:lbh1008@163.com;zuowenjie@jlu.edu.cn

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摘要：

中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司于2021年完成了世界首次在轨工况下的整列动车组被动安全碰撞试验，但是对轨道车辆前端吸能结构碰撞优化方法的研究还有待深入。本文首先对结构碰撞优化所采用的等效静态载荷法进行了介绍。其次，建立了前端吸能结构的参数化有限元模型，并进行了试验验证。最后，采用等效静态载荷法对吸能结构进行了碰撞工况下的优化设计，优化目标为整体结构质量最小，设计变量为部件的板厚，约束条件为结构吸能达到指定值时，压溃位移不超过许可值。工程算例表明：等效静态载荷法可高效求解轨道车辆吸能结构的抗撞性优化问题，为动车的被动安全设计提供了解决方案。

关键词: 轨道车辆, 碰撞优化, 等效静态载荷法, 轻量化设计

Abstract:

In 2021， CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.， Ltd. completed the passive safety crash test of the whole electric multiple unit in rail for the first time in the world. However， the crashworthiness optimization method of the front-end energy-absorbing structure of rail vehicles needs to be further studied. Firstly， this paper introduces the equivalent static load method（ESLM） for structural crashworthiness optimization. Secondly， the parametric finite element model of the front-end energy-absorbing structure is created and then verified by experiments. Finally， the ESLM is used to optimize the energy-absorbing structure under the impact condition. The optimization objective is to minimize the mass of the whole structure， the design variables are the plate thickness of the components. The constraint condition is that the collapsed displacement does not violated the allowable value when the absorbed energy of the structure reaches the specified value. The engineering example shows that the ESLM can efficiently solve the crashworthiness optimization problem of the energy-absorbing structure of rail vehicles， which provides a solution for the passive safety design of rail vehicles.

Key words: railway vehicles, collision optimization, equivalent static load method, lightweight design

中图分类号: 

  • U271.91

图1

等效静态载荷法示意图"

图2

等效静载荷的定义"

图3

等效静态载荷法优化流程"

图4

轨道车辆吸能结构有限元模型"

图5

准静态碰撞试验"

图6

准静态碰撞试验装置"

图7

用于试验标定的标准有限元模型"

图8

试验与仿真压溃变形对比"

图9

仿真和试验的碰撞力历程曲线"

图10

吸能结构爆炸视图及其设计变量"

表1

轨道车辆吸能结构抗撞性优化结果"

参 数优化前优化后

吸能

结构

各组

件板

厚

t1/mm32.5
t2/mm62.4
t3/mm31.2
t4/mm52.0
t5/mm33.6
t6/mm31.2
t7/mm34.8
t8/mm83.2
t9/mm68.4
t10/mm62.4
t11/mm62.4
t12/mm42.3
t13/mm104.0
t14/mm58.0
吸能80%时位移/mm850770
质量/kg600516

图11

压溃位移迭代过程"

图12

目标函数迭代过程"

图13

吸能结构最优结果压溃仿真云图"

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