地铁站周边常规公交换乘站点布局多目标优化模型

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20240908

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升公共交通换乘效率，开展了地铁站周边常规公交换乘站点布局多目标协同优化研究。构建了考虑乘客换乘便捷性、出行时间成本和公交站点负荷均衡性3个主要目标的多目标协同优化模型，给出了基于社交蜘蛛优化算法（SSOA）的模型求解方法，引入动态学习率调整方法和帕累托最优解集对算法进行优化。案例分析结果表明，优化后最短路径平均缩小28.98%，最短路径时间平均缩小34.22%，站点平均负荷均衡性提升6.5%，说明该模型站点布局优化效果较好。

关键词: 城市交通, 地铁站, 公交换乘站点布局, 多目标协同优化, 社交蜘蛛优化算法

Abstract:

To enhance the efficiency of public transit transfers， a multi-objective collaborative optimization study on the layout of regular bus transfer stations around subway stations was conducted.A multi-objective collaborative optimization model considering three main objectives：passenger transfer convenience，travel time cost，and bus station load balance，was constructed.A solution method based on the social spider optimization algorithm was provided，and dynamic learning rate adjustment methods and Pareto optimal solution sets were introduced to optimize the algorithm.The case analysis results show that after optimization，the average shortest path is reduced by 28.98%，the average shortest path time is reduced by 34.22%，and the average station load balance is improved by 6.5%，indicating that the model has a good optimization effect on station layout.

Key words: urban traffic, metro stations, bus transfer station layout, multi-objective collaborative optimization, social spider optimization algorithm（SSOA）

中图分类号:

U491

程国柱,吕岩峰,冯天军. 地铁站周边常规公交换乘站点布局多目标优化模型[J]. 吉林大学学报(工学版), 2026, 56(3): 711-724.

Guo-zhu CHENG,Yan-feng LYU,Tian-jun FENG. Multi⁃objective optimization model for bus transfer station layouts around metro stations[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2026, 56(3): 711-724.

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公交站点	刷卡高峰时段	高峰时段刷卡数/（人次·h^-1）
B1	8~9	214
B2	16~17	1 695
B3	7~8	648
B4	7~8	964
B5	17~18	184
B6	16~17	1 797
B7	7~8	1 400
B8	16~17	916
B9	7~8	546

时间	进站高峰时段	进站最大客流/（人次·h^-1）	出站高峰时段	出站最大客流/（人次·h^-1）
工作日	16~17	1 482	7~8	2 397
非工作日	16~17	1 346	7~8	2 301

公交站点	优化前最短路径/m	优化后最短路径/m	最短路径缩小比例/%
B1	262	239	8.70
B2	275	207	24.83
B3	358	278	22.40
B4	362	208	42.65
B5	120	143	-18.78
B6	365	186	49.12
B7	362	211	41.62
B8	220	129	41.22
B9	308	157	49.05

目标节点	优化前最短路径时间/min	优化后最短路径时间/min	最短路径时间缩小比例/%
B1	5.19	4.85	6.49
B2	12.84	8.62	32.82
B3	8.43	6.08	27.92
B4	21.32	7.69	63.93
B5	2.43	2.62	-7.86
B6	9.18	4.07	55.73
B7	11.88	5.91	50.23
B8	4.61	3.47	24.83
B9	6.73	3.10	53.88