鲜食玉米仿生摘穗装置设计与试验

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20210767

Abstract

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of damage to ears and grains and adulteration of stems and leaves due to the harvesting of the existing fresh corn ear picking operations， imitating the posture of manual harvesting of corn ears， a bionic ear picking device for fresh corn was designed to reduce grain damage on ears， reduce the power consumption， and improve the harvest quality. The structure design and parameter analysis of the ear picking device were carried out. A quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test was used， taking the rotation speed of the picking roller， the angle of inclination clamping mechanism， the gap of the clamping mechanism and the forward speed of the unit as the influencing factors， take grain crushing rate， ear impurity rate， and power consumption as the test indicators. And using Design-Expert software to analyze the variance and response surface of the test data， the mathematical model and factor contribution rate between the influencing factors and the response surface were obtained， and the model is tested and verified. The results show that when the rotation speed of the breaking roller was 465 r/min， the angle of inclination clamping mechanism was 19°， the gap of the clamping mechanism was 8 mm， and the forward speed of the unit was 1.2 m/s， and the corresponding evaluation indexes were as follows： the average grain crushing rate was 0.88%， the average ear impurity rate was 1.3%， the average power consumption was 3.1 kW， and the operation stability of the device is good. Field test results show that the average grain crushing rate was 0.87%， the average ear impurity rate was 1.22%， and the average power consumption is 3.0 kW， which reduces ear impurity and damage， reduces power consumption， and its performance meets the requirements of fresh corn harvesting operations.

Key words: agricultural mechanization engineering, bionic ear picking of fresh corn, device design, optimization test

CLC Number:

S233.4

Guang-qiang ZHU,Tian-yu LI,Fu-jun ZHOU,Wen-ming WANG. Design and experiment of bionic ear picking device for fresh corn[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2023, 53(4): 1231-1244.

Figures/Tables 18

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参数	均值	参数	均值
株高/mm	2435	籽粒含水率/%	60
最低结穗高度/mm	895	果穗根部直径/mm	43
果穗长度/mm	191	结穗位茎秆直径/mm	35

编码	因素
编码	摘穗辊转速/（r·min^-1）	夹持机构倾角/（o）	夹持输送机构间隙/mm	机组前进速度/（m·s^-1）
1.682	988.8	20	12	1.40
1	814.5	17	10.74	1.19
0	640.2	14	8.9	0.98
-1	465.9	11	7.06	0.77
-1.682	291.6	8	5.8	0.56

编号	因素				目标函数
编号	摘穗辊转速Z₁ /（r·min^-1）	夹持机构倾角Z₂/（°）	夹持输送机构间隙Z₃/mm	机组前进速度 Z₄/（m·s^-1）	籽粒破碎率Y₁ /%	果穗含杂率Y₂ /%	功耗Y₃ /kW
1	465.90	11.0	7.06	0.77	0.89	1.68	4.81
2	814.50	11.0	7.06	0.77	0.76	1.57	4.31
3	465.90	17.0	7.06	0.77	0.73	1.43	4.32
4	814.50	17.0	7.06	0.77	0.61	1.22	3.63
5	465.90	11.0	10.74	0.77	0.81	1.55	4.32
6	814.50	11.0	10.74	0.77	0.71	1.43	4.31
7	465.90	17.0	10.74	0.77	0.52	1.01	3.14
8	814.50	17.0	10.74	0.77	0.45	0.86	2.44
9	465.90	11.0	7.06	1.19	0.47	0.93	2.69
10	814.50	11.0	7.06	1.19	0.44	0.89	2.76
11	465.90	17.0	7.06	1.19	0.69	1.35	3.67
12	814.50	17.0	7.06	1.19	0.36	0.65	1.95
13	465.90	11.0	10.74	1.19	0.58	1.29	3.55
14	814.50	11.0	10.74	1.19	0.31	0.47	1.47
15	465.90	17.0	10.74	1.19	0.36	0.68	2.04
16	814.50	17.0	10.74	1.19	0.34	0.59	1.85
17	291.60	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.45	0.89	2.51
18	988.80	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.48	0.93	2.66
19	640.20	8.0	8.90	0.98	0.63	1.25	3.68
20	640.20	20.0	8.90	0.98	0.61	1.22	3.55
21	640.20	14.0	5.80	0.98	0.69	1.36	4.05
22	640.20	14.0	12.00	0.98	0.67	1.34	3.98
23	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.56	0.88	1.65	4.76
24	640.20	14.0	8.90	1.40	0.51	1.01	3.22
25	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.85	1.57	4.39
26	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.83	1.55	4.33
27	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.92	1.71	4.54
28	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	1.01	1.87	4.93
29	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.79	1.49	4.59
30	640.20	14.0	8.90	0.98	0.81	1.54	4.73

项目来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P
模型	0.94/0.91	14/9	0.067/0.10	6.82/11.69	0.0003*/<0.0001*
Z₁	0.043/0.043	1/1	0.043/0.043	4.32/4.89	0.0553/0.0388*
Z₂	0.038/0.038	1/1	0.038/0.038	3.82/4.33	0.0696/0.0506
Z₃	0.035/0.35	1/1	0.035/0.035	3.50/3.97	0.0809/<0.0601
Z₄	0.30/0.30	1/1	0.30/0.30	30.16/34.18	<0.0001*/<0.0001*
Z₁Z₂	6.25×10^-6	1	6.25×10^-6	6.347×10^-3	0.9802
Z₁Z₃	1.406×10^-3	1	1.406×10^-3	0.14	0.7108/
Z₁Z₄	3.306×10^-3	1	3.306×10^-3	0.34	0.5709
Z₂Z₃	0.020	1	0.020	2.06	0.1715
Z₂Z₄	0.041/0.041	1/1	0.041/0.041	4.16/4.72	0.0593/0.0420*
Z₃Z₄	1.056×10^-3	1	1.056×10^-3	0.11	0.7478
Z₁²	0.33/0.33	1/1	0.33/0.33	33.26/37.69	<0.0001*/<0.0001*
Z₂²	0.14/0.14	1/1	0.14/0.14	13.85/15.70	0.0020*/0.0008*
Z₃²	0.085/0.085	1/1	0.085/0.085	8.59/9.73	0.0103/0.0054*
Z₄²	0.074 /0.074	1/1	0.074/0.074	7.47/8.46	0.0154/0.0087*
残差	0.15/0.17	15/20	9.847×10^-3/8.689×10^-3
失拟项	0.11/0.14	10/15	0.011/9.314×10^-3	1.67/1.37	0.2982/0.3894
纯误差	0.034/0.034	5/5	6.817×10^-3/6.817×10^-3
所有项	1.09/1.09	29/29

项目来源	平方和	自由度	均方	F值	P
模型	3.31/3.02	14/8	0.24/0.38	5.01/7.99	0.0019*/<0.0001*
Z₁	0.19/0.19	1/1	0.19/0.19	4.12/4.11	0.0605/0.0555
Z₂	0.18/0.18	1/1	0.18/0.18	3.82/3.81	0.0696/0.0643
Z₃	0.15/0.15	1/1	0.15/0.15	3.12/3.11	0.00976**/<0.0921
Z₄	1.12/1.12	1/1	1.12/1.12	23.69/23.64	0.0002*/<0.0001*
Z₁Z₂	2.25×10^-4	1	2.25×10^-4	4.768×10^-3	0.9459
Z₁Z₃	9.0×10^-4	1	9.0×10^-4	0.019	0.8920
Z₁Z₄	0.07	1	0.07	1.49	0.2414
Z₂Z₃	0.087	1	0.087	1.84	0.1946
Z₂Z₄	0.12	1	0.12	2.60	0.1280
Z₃Z₄	4.225×10^-3	1	4.225×10^-3	0.09	0.7689
Z₁²	1.05/1.05	1/1	1.05/1.05	22.24/22.20	0.0003*/0.0001*
Z₂²	0.36/0.36	1/1	0.36/0.36	7.60/7.59	0.0147/0.0119
Z₃²	0.20/0.20	1/1	0.20/0.20	4.26/4.25	0.0567/0.0518
Z₄²	0.23 /0.23	1/1	0.23/0.23	4.77/4.76	0.0452/0.0406
残差	0.71/0.99	15/21	0.047/0.047
失拟项	0.61/0.89	10/16	0.061/0.056	2.99/2.75	0.1189/0.1340
纯误差	0.10/0.10	5/5	0.020/0.020
所有项	4.02/4.02	29/29

Design and experiment of bionic ear picking device for fresh corn

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