考虑通行能力和排队延误的公交停靠系统优化

doi:10.13229/j.cnki.jdxbgxb.20220220

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to improve the transit efficiency of conventional buses entering and leaving stops， reduce the queue delays and traffic impact， two optimization methods for increasing berths of bus stops and controlling arrival rates of buses were proposed in this study. Firstly， the basic process of buses entering and exiting bus stops was constructed， the capacity calculation models for single-berth and multi-berth bus stops were established， and the queuing characteristics of bus entry were systematically analyzed using queuing theory. Next， the data on buses entering and exiting stops was investigated to obtain basic data including bus number， time for passengers to get on and off the bus， bus stopping time， etc. The model was numerically simulated by Matlab to obtain the effect of average arrival rate of buses， number of bus berths and bus stopping time on queuing delays in the steady state of the queuing system. Finally， the optimal number of berths and arrival rates at bus stops were proposed considering capacity and queuing delays， and the feasibility of the optimization results was verified with examples. The results show that the optimization of the number of bus berths and arrival rates of buses has increased the capacity of the stops studied by over 10% and reduced queuing delays by over 70%.

Key words: urban traffic, berth optimization, queuing theory, bus stops, capacity

CLC Number:

U491.1

Wen-hui ZHANG,Jing YI. Optimization of bus stop system considering capacity and queuing delays[J].Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition), 2024, 54(1): 146-154.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Operation data of bus stops"

站点名称运行参数	哈平路站	乐松广场站
平均上下车时间d/s	15.98	11.10
通行能力C/（veh·h^-1）	84.00	67.00
平均到达率 $λ$ /（veh·min^-1）	1.42	1.00
平均服务率μ/（veh·min^-1）	1.87	1.91
到达公交车总数N/veh	85.00	60.00
平均停靠时间t/s	32.14	31.38

Table 3

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 4

Queuing characteristics analysis of linear and bay bus stops with different berths"

泊位数	公交站形式	Ls关于ρ		$Ρ N > S$ 关于ρ
泊位数	公交站形式	ρ	Ls与N_el对比	ρ	$Ρ N > S$ 与α对比
1	直线式	>0.500	Ls>1.00	>0.224	P（N>1）>0.05
1	港湾式	>0.500	Ls>1.00	>0.224	P（N>1）>0.05
2	直线式	>0.680	Ls>1.85	>0.321	P（N>2）>0.05
2	港湾式	>0.685	Ls>1.90	>0.321	P（N>2）>0.05
3	直线式	>0.750	Ls>2.45	>0.386	P（N>3）>0.05
3	港湾式	>0.760	Ls>2.60	>0.386	P（N>3）>0.05
4	直线式	>0.774	Ls>2.65	>0.434	P（N>4）>0.05
4	港湾式	>0.803	Ls>3.25	>0.434	P（N>4）>0.05
5	直线式	>0.785	Ls>2.70	>0.471	P（N>5）>0.05
5	港湾式	>0.828	Ls>3.75	>0.471	P（N>5）>0.05

Table 4

Table 5

Fig.5

Table 6

Bus stops operation parameters before and after optimization"

指标	哈平路站		乐松广场站
指标	优化前	优化后	优化前	优化后
泊位数S/个	2	3	1	2	3
有效泊位数N_el/veh	1.850	2.450	1.000	1.850	2.450
公交站的平均公交车数Ls/veh	0.508	0.269	1.099	0.300	0.178
到达公交车数大于泊位数的概率 $Ρ N > S$	0.209	0.046	0.524	0.109	0.017
公交站通行能力C/（veh·h^-1）	84	112	67	125	165

Table 6

Table 7

Bus stops operation parameters after optimization"

运行参数	哈平路站	乐松广场站
泊位数S/个	2	1
平均服务率μ/（veh·min^-1）	1.87	1.91
服务强度ρ临界值	0.321	0.224
公交站的平均公交车数Ls/veh	0.473	0.287
到达公交车数大于泊位数的概率 $Ρ N > S$	0.05	0.05
平均到达率λ/（veh·min^-1）	0.600	0.428

Table 7

Table 8

Table 9

Table 10

Table 11

Table 12

References 12

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站点名称	公交线路	发车频率P/min	到达公交车数N/veh	乘客上下车时间D/s	总停靠时间T/s
哈平路站	28	5~7	13	243	481
	51	5~7	10	129	255
	67	5~6	3	31	91
	69	8	6	123	208
	81	5~7	10	122	339
	121	6~10	5	72	182
	209	7	10	114	181
	217	8~10	5	64	103
	371	10	1	56	56
	338	5~10	13	240	496
	371	5~10	9	164	340
乐松广场站	9	6~8	6	65	200
	18	5~7	8	92	258
	30	5~6	5	56	175
	39	15~20	3	38	68
	55	5~7	8	102	315
	60	5~6	5	59	219
	73	6~8	6	57	169
	101	3~6	11	112	281
	209	7	5	55	136
	252	15	3	30	62

站点名称	仿真次数	仿真时间/s	泊位数	到站		通过		停靠
站点名称	仿真次数	仿真时间/s	泊位数	公交车数/veh	误差/%	公交车数/veh	误差/%	时间（平均值）/s	误差/%
哈平路站	8	3600	2	72	15.29	69	17.86	32.63	1.52
乐松广场站	8	3600	1	84	28.57	77	14.93	39.67	26.42

仿真次数	通行能力/（veh·h^-1）		排队延误/s
仿真次数	增加泊位前	增加泊位后	增加泊位前	增加泊位后
1	69	76	19.67	0.63
2	69	77	18.48	6.32
3	70	76	23.49	2.19
4	71	76	15.62	0.98
5	69	73	18.63	8.24
6	69	78	20.17	0.16
7	68	77	24.97	1.12
8	69	77	23.29	0.79

仿真次数	通行能力/（veh·h^-1）		排队延误/s
仿真次数	降低到达率前	降低到达率后	降低到达率前	降低到达率后
1	69	72	19.67	2.89
2	69	68	18.48	4.24
3	70	71	23.49	2.21
4	71	73	15.62	1.36
5	69	70	18.63	0.87
6	69	69	20.17	0.54
7	68	68	24.97	0.69
8	69	71	23.29	0.46

仿真次数	通行能力/（veh·h^-1）		排队延误/s
仿真次数	增加泊位前	增加泊位后	增加泊位前	增加泊位后
1	84	114	37.84	1.00
2	83	110	26.54	2.98
3	84	111	36.87	1.56
4	86	112	33.56	0.51
5	84	110	32.15	1.89
6	82	110	39.26	0.79
7	83	112	37.92	0.60
8	84	112	38.86	0.81

Optimization of bus stop system considering capacity and queuing delays

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