Fig.1

Spray G injector"

Fig.2

Injector angle setting"

Table 1

Eight-hole injector parameters"

Table 2

Spray G experimental data"

Fig.3

Constant volume bomb model"

Table 3

Selection of calculation models"

Fig.4

Test for grid independence and mesh encryption situation"

Fig.5

Comparison of experimental and simulation images of transitional flash boiling spray"

Fig.6

Simulation and experimental comparison of cold spray penetration distance"

Fig.7

Simulation and experimental comparison of transitional Flash boiling spray penetration distance"

Fig.8

Distribution of different number of spray holes"

Fig.9

Simulation of injector spray at different fuel temperatures"

Fig.10

Gas phase mass fraction cloud at different fuel temperatures"

Fig.11

Plot of gas phase mass fraction at different fuel temperatures"

Fig.12

Velocity vector nephogram of spray at different fuel temperatures"

Fig.13

Cloud map of constant volume bomb pressure distribution at different fuel temperatures"

Fig.14

Comparison of porous spray collapse under different environmental pressures"

Fig.15

Comparison of severe flash boiling spray at different ambient temperatures"

Fig.16

Schematic diagram of spray spacing between different nozzle numbers of severe flash boiling"

Fig.17

Simulation of spray diagram of severe flash boiling under different spray angles"

Fig.18

Spray at 30° and 37° oil beam angles runs through the distance 2D"

Fig.19

Simulation of spray diagram of severe flashing under different radial nozzle distances"

Fig.20

Mass fraction of severe flash boiling spray vapor phase at different radial orifice spacing"